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Boudry L, Nador JD, Ramon M. Determinants of Face Recognition: The Role of Target Prevalence and Similarity. J Cogn 2024; 7:27. [PMID: 38405634 PMCID: PMC10885834 DOI: 10.5334/joc.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of facial identity processing typically assess perception (via matching) and/or memory (via recognition), with experimental designs differing with respect to one important aspect: Target Prevalence. Some designs include "target absent" (TA) among "target present" (TP) trials. In visual search tasks, TA trials shift an observer's decisional criterion towards a stricter one, increasing misses. However, decisional biases will differ between individuals and across an individual's decisions as well. In this way, excluding TA trials ensures comparable levels of expectation and thus a more controlled decisional bias both within and between observers by not considering correct rejections and false alarms. However, TA trials may occur, e.g., in police line-ups, where it is important to consider observers' face recognition ability net of the potential biases introduced by TA and TP trials. And, while these have been investigated in numerous other stimulus domains, their effects have not yet been extended to face recognition. We therefore sought to fill this void by testing different versions of the previously established Models Memory Test, which measures old/new recognition of experimentally learned facial identities. Our study found significant expectation effects, driven by target prevalence that persist even given prevalence changes. This implies that face recognition - even measured with naturalistic changes - is influenced by prior perceptual decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Boudry
- Applied Face Cognition Lab, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey D. Nador
- Applied Face Cognition Lab, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meike Ramon
- Applied Face Cognition Lab, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Hadjipanayi V, Ludwig CJH, Kent C. Graded prioritisation of targets in search: reward diminishes the low prevalence effect. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2023; 8:52. [PMID: 37542145 PMCID: PMC10403486 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In many real-life contexts, observers are required to search for targets that are rarely present (e.g. tumours in X-rays; dangerous items in airport security screenings). Despite the rarity of these items, they are of enormous importance for the health and safety of the public, yet they are easily missed during visual search. This is referred to as the prevalence effect. In the current series of experiments, we investigate whether unequal reward can modulate the prevalence effect, in a multiple target search task. Having first established the impact of prevalence (Experiment 1) and reward (Experiment 2) on how efficiently participants can find one of several targets in the current paradigm, we then combined the two forms of priority to investigate their interaction. An unequal reward distribution (where lower prevalence items are more rewarded; Experiment 3) was found to diminish the effect of prevalence, compared to an equal reward distribution (Experiment 4) as indicated by faster response times and fewer misses. These findings suggest that when combined with an unequal reward distribution, the low prevalence effect can be diminished.
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Hip fracture or not? The reversed prevalence effect among non-experts' diagnosis. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36600082 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous investigations of the prevalence effect on medical image perception, little research has been done to examine the effect of expertise, and its possible interaction with prevalence. In this study, medical practitioners were instructed to detect the presence of hip fracture in 50 X-ray images with either high prevalence (Nsignal = 40) or low prevalence (Nsignal = 10). Results showed that compared to novices (e.g., pediatricians, dentists, neurologists), the manipulation of prevalence shifted participant's criteria in a different direction for experts who perform hip fracture diagnosis on a daily basis. That is, when prevalence rate is low (pfracture-present = 0.2), experts held more conservative criteria in answering "fracture-present," whereas novices were more likely to believe there was fracture. Importantly, participants' detection discriminability did not vary by the prevalence condition. In addition, all participants were more conservative with "fracture-present" responses when task difficulty increased. We suspect the apparent opposite criteria shift between experts and novices may have come from medical training that made novices to believe that a miss would result in larger cost compared to false positive, or because they failed to update their prior belief about the signal prevalence in the task, both would suggest that novices and experts may have different beliefs in placing the optimal strategy in the hip fracture diagnosis. Our work can contribute to medical education training as well as other applied clinical diagnosis that aims to mitigate the prevalence effect.
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Liu CH, Hung J, Chang CW, Lin JJH, Huang ES, Wang SL, Lee LA, Hsiao CT, Sung PS, Chao YP, Chang YJ. Oral presentation assessment and image reading behaviour on brain computed tomography reading in novice clinical learners: an eye-tracking study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:738. [PMID: 36284299 PMCID: PMC9597969 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study whether oral presentation (OP) assessment could reflect the novice learners' interpretation skills and reading behaviour on brain computed tomography (CT) reading. METHODS Eighty fifth-year medical students were recruited, received a 2-hour interactive workshop on how to read brain CT, and were assigned to read two brain CT images before and after instruction. We evaluated their image reading behaviour in terms of overall OP post-test rating, the lesion identification, and competency in systematic image reading after instruction. Students' reading behaviour in searching for the target lesions were recorded by the eye-tracking technique and were used to validate the accuracy of lesion reports. Statistical analyses, including lag sequential analysis (LSA), linear mixed models, and transition entropy (TE) were conducted to reveal temporal relations and spatial complexity of systematic image reading from the eye movement perspective. RESULTS The overall OP ratings [pre-test vs. post-test: 0 vs. 1 in case 1, 0 vs. 1 in case 2, p < 0.001] improved after instruction. Both the scores of systematic OP ratings [0 vs.1 in both cases, p < 0.001] and eye-tracking studies (Case 1: 3.42 ± 0.62 and 3.67 ± 0.37 in TE, p = 0.001; Case 2: 3.42 ± 0.76 and 3.75 ± 0.37 in TE, p = 0.002) showed that the image reading behaviour changed before and after instruction. The results of linear mixed models suggested a significant interaction between instruction and area of interests for case 1 (p < 0.001) and case 2 (p = 0.004). Visual attention to the target lesions in the case 1 assessed by dwell time were 506.50 ± 509.06 and 374.38 ± 464.68 milliseconds before and after instruction (p = 0.02). However, the dwell times in the case 2, the fixation counts and the frequencies of accurate lesion diagnoses in both cases did not change after instruction. CONCLUSION Our results showed OP performance may change concurrently with the medical students' reading behaviour on brain CT after a structured instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Liu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Education, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - June Hung
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John J H Lin
- Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Ting-Jou Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Elaine Shinwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ang Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Hsiao
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Shan Sung
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Jhy Chang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Education, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Ren Z, Yu SX, Whitney D. Controllable Medical Image Generation via GAN. JOURNAL OF PERCEPTUAL IMAGING 2022; 5:0005021-50215. [PMID: 37621378 PMCID: PMC10448967 DOI: 10.2352/j.percept.imaging.2022.5.000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Medical image data is critically important for a range of disciplines, including medical image perception research, clinician training programs, and computer vision algorithms, among many other applications. Authentic medical image data, unfortunately, is relatively scarce for many of these uses. Because of this, researchers often collect their own data in nearby hospitals, which limits the generalizabilty of the data and findings. Moreover, even when larger datasets become available, they are of limited use because of the necessary data processing procedures such as de-identification, labeling, and categorizing, which requires significant time and effort. Thus, in some applications, including behavioral experiments on medical image perception, researchers have used naive artificial medical images (e.g., shapes or textures that are not realistic). These artificial medical images are easy to generate and manipulate, but the lack of authenticity inevitably raises questions about the applicability of the research to clinical practice. Recently, with the great progress in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), authentic images can be generated with high quality. In this paper, we propose to use GAN to generate authentic medical images for medical imaging studies. We also adopt a controllable method to manipulate the generated image attributes such that these images can satisfy any arbitrary experimenter goals, tasks, or stimulus settings. We have tested the proposed method on various medical image modalities, including mammogram, MRI, CT, and skin cancer images. The generated authentic medical images verify the success of the proposed method. The model and generated images could be employed in any medical image perception research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Ren
- Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
- International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Stella X Yu
- Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
- International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - David Whitney
- Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
- International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, United States of America
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Le L, Baer M, Briggs P, Bullock N, Cole W, DiMarco D, Hamil R, Harrell K, Kasper M, Li W, Patel K, Sabo M, Thibodeaux K, Serena TE. Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Fluorescence Imaging for the Detection of Bacterial Burden in Wounds: Results from the 350-Patient Fluorescence Imaging Assessment and Guidance Trial. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:123-136. [PMID: 32870774 PMCID: PMC7876364 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: High bacterial load contributes to chronicity of wounds and is diagnosed based on assessment of clinical signs and symptoms (CSS) of infection, but these characteristics are poor predictors of bacterial burden. Point-of-care fluorescence imaging (FL) MolecuLight i:X can improve identification of wounds with high bacterial burden (>104 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g). FL detects bacteria, whether planktonic or in biofilm, but does not distinguish between the two. In this study, diagnostic accuracy of FL was compared to CSS during routine wound assessment. Postassessment, clinicians were surveyed to assess impact of FL on treatment plan. Approach: A prospective multicenter controlled study was conducted by 20 study clinicians from 14 outpatient advanced wound care centers across the United States. Wounds underwent assessment for CSS followed by FL. Biopsies were collected to confirm total bacterial load. Three hundred fifty patients completed the study (138 diabetic foot ulcers, 106 venous leg ulcers, 60 surgical sites, 22 pressure ulcers, and 24 others). Results: Around 287/350 wounds (82%) had bacterial loads >104 CFU/g, and CSS missed detection of 85% of these wounds. FL significantly increased detection of bacteria (>104 CFU/g) by fourfold, and this was consistent across wound types (p < 0.001). Specificity of CSS+FL remained comparably high to CSS (p = 1.0). FL information modified treatment plans (69% of wounds), influenced wound bed preparation (85%), and improved overall patient care (90%) as reported by study clinicians. Innovation: This novel noncontact, handheld FL device provides immediate, objective information on presence, location, and load of bacteria at point of care. Conclusion: Use of FL facilitates adherence to clinical guidelines recommending prompt detection and removal of bacterial burden to reduce wound infection and facilitate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Le
- The Heal Clinic, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Marc Baer
- Foot & Ankle Center, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick Briggs
- HCA-Houston Healthcare Gulf Coast Foot and Ankle Specialists, Webster, Texas, USA
| | - Neal Bullock
- Royal Research Corp, Pembroke Pines, Florida, USA
| | - Windy Cole
- Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel DiMarco
- St. Vincent Wound & Hyperbaric Centre, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel Hamil
- St. Mary's Center for Wound Healing, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Weili Li
- Li & Li Statistical Consulting, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keyur Patel
- Armstrong County Memorial Hospital, Kittanning, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Sabo
- The Foot and Ankle Wellness Center of Western PA, Butler, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kerry Thibodeaux
- The Wound Treatment Center at Opelousas General Health System, Opelousas, Louisiana, USA
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7
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Growns B, Kukucka J. The prevalence effect in fingerprint identification: Match and
non‐match base‐rates
impact misses and false alarms. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Growns
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Arizona State University Arizona USA
| | - Jeff Kukucka
- Department of Psychology Towson University Maryland USA
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Sall RJ, Feng J. Dual-target hazard perception: Could identifying one hazard hinder a driver's capacity to find a second? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 131:213-224. [PMID: 31319363 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-level cognitive processes like visual search are crucial for hazard detection. In dual-target searches, subsequent search misses (SSMs) are known to occur when the identification of one target impedes detection of another that is concurrently presented. Despite the high likelihood of concurrent hazards in busy driving environments, SSMs have not been empirically investigated in driving. In three studies, participants were asked to identify safety-related target(s) in simulated traffic scenes that contained zero, one, or two target(s) of low or high perceptual saliency. These targets were defined as objects or events that would have prevented safe travel in the direction indicated by an arrow preceding the traffic scene. Findings from the pilot study (n = 20) and Experiment 1 (n = 29) demonstrated that detecting one target hindered drivers' abilities to find a second from the same scene. In Experiment 2 (n = 30), explicit instructions regarding the level of risk were manipulated. It was found that search times were affected by the instructions, though SSMs persisted. Implications of SSMs in understanding the causes of some crashes are discussed, as well as future directions to improve ecological and criterion validity and to explore the roles of expertise and cognitive capabilities in multi-hazard detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Sall
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, USA.
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide and large volumes of breast images are produced and interpreted annually. As long as radiologists interpret these images, the diagnostic accuracy will be limited by human factors and both false-positive and false-negative errors might occur. By understanding visual search in breast images, we may be able to identify causes of diagnostic errors, find ways to reduce them, and also provide a better education to radiology residents. Many visual search studies in breast radiology have been devoted to mammography. These studies showed that 70% of missed lesions on mammograms attract radiologists' visual attention and that a plethora of different reasons, such as satisfaction of search, incorrect background sampling, and incorrect first impression can cause diagnostic errors in the interpretation of mammograms. Recently, highly accurate tools, which rely on both eye-tracking data and the content of the mammogram, have been proposed to provide feedback to the radiologists. Improving these tools and determining the optimal pathway to integrate them in the radiology workflow could be a possible line of future research. Moreover, in the past few years deep learning has led to improving diagnostic accuracy of computerized diagnostic tools and visual search studies will be required to understand how radiologists interact with the prompts from these tools, and to identify the best way to utilize them. Visual search in other breast imaging modalities, such as breast ultrasound and digital breast tomosynthesis, have so far received less attention, probably due to associated complexities of eye-tracking monitoring and analysing the data. For example, in digital breast tomosynthesis, scrolling through the image results in longer trials, adds a new factor to the study's complexity and makes calculation of gaze parameters more difficult. However, considering the wide utilization of three-dimensional imaging modalities, more visual search studies involving reading stack-view examinations are required in the future. To conclude, in the past few decades visual search studies provided extensive understanding about underlying reasons for diagnostic errors in breast radiology and characterized differences between experts' and novices' visual search patterns. Further visual search studies are required to investigate radiologists' interaction with relatively newer imaging modalities and artificial intelligence tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Gandomkar
- BreastScreen Reader Assessment Strategy (BREAST), Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudia Mello-Thoms
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US
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Thirkettle M, Thyoka M, Gopalan P, Fernandes N, Stafford T, Offiah AC. Internet-based measurement of visual assessment skill of trainee radiologists: developing a sensitive tool. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180958. [DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thirkettle
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mandela Thyoka
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Padmini Gopalan
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nadiah Fernandes
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Stafford
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Mustafa A, Seeley J, Munirama S, Columb M, McKendrick M, Schwab A, Corner G, Eisma R, Mcleod G. Investigation into the visual perceptive ability of anaesthetists during ultrasound-guided interscalene and femoral blocks conducted on soft embalmed cadavers: a randomised single-blind study. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:854-859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Getting satisfied with "satisfaction of search": How to measure errors during multiple-target visual search. Atten Percept Psychophys 2018; 79:1352-1365. [PMID: 28353059 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-017-1300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Visual search studies are common in cognitive psychology, and the results generally focus upon accuracy, response times, or both. Most research has focused upon search scenarios where no more than 1 target will be present for any single trial. However, if multiple targets can be present on a single trial, it introduces an additional source of error because the found target can interfere with subsequent search performance. These errors have been studied thoroughly in radiology for decades, although their emphasis in cognitive psychology studies has been more recent. One particular issue with multiple-target search is that these subsequent search errors (i.e., specific errors which occur following a found target) are measured differently by different studies. There is currently no guidance as to which measurement method is best or what impact different measurement methods could have upon various results and conclusions. The current investigation provides two efforts to address these issues. First, the existing literature is reviewed to clarify the appropriate scenarios where subsequent search errors could be observed. Second, several different measurement methods are used with several existing datasets to contrast and compare how each method would have affected the results and conclusions of those studies. The evidence is then used to provide appropriate guidelines for measuring multiple-target search errors in future studies.
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Laxton V, Crundall D. The Effect of Lifeguard Experience upon the Detection of Drowning Victims in a Realistic Dynamic Visual Search Task. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Laxton
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences; Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham UK
| | - David Crundall
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences; Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham UK
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14
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Horowitz TS. Prevalence in Visual Search: From the Clinic to the Lab and Back Again. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Nakashima R, Komori Y, Maeda E, Yoshikawa T, Yokosawa K. Temporal Characteristics of Radiologists' and Novices' Lesion Detection in Viewing Medical Images Presented Rapidly and Sequentially. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1553. [PMID: 27774080 PMCID: PMC5054019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although viewing multiple stacks of medical images presented on a display is a relatively new but useful medical task, little is known about this task. Particularly, it is unclear how radiologists search for lesions in this type of image reading. When viewing cluttered and dynamic displays, continuous motion itself does not capture attention. Thus, it is effective for the target detection that observers' attention is captured by the onset signal of a suddenly appearing target among the continuously moving distractors (i.e., a passive viewing strategy). This can be applied to stack viewing tasks, because lesions often show up as transient signals in medical images which are sequentially presented simulating a dynamic and smoothly transforming image progression of organs. However, it is unclear whether observers can detect a target when the target appears at the beginning of a sequential presentation where the global apparent motion onset signal (i.e., signal of the initiation of the apparent motion by sequential presentation) occurs. We investigated the ability of radiologists to detect lesions during such tasks by comparing the performances of radiologists and novices. Results show that overall performance of radiologists is better than novices. Furthermore, the temporal locations of lesions in CT image sequences, i.e., when a lesion appears in an image sequence, does not affect the performance of radiologists, whereas it does affect the performance of novices. Results indicate that novices have greater difficulty in detecting a lesion appearing early than late in the image sequence. We suggest that radiologists have other mechanisms to detect lesions in medical images with little attention which novices do not have. This ability is critically important when viewing rapid sequential presentations of multiple CT images, such as stack viewing tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuya Komori
- Department of Psychology, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Maeda
- The University of Tokyo HospitalTokyo, Japan
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Mohd Norsuddin N, Reed W, Mello-Thoms C, Lewis S. Understanding recall rates in screening mammography: A conceptual framework review of the literature. Radiography (Lond) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Cognitive Themes Emerging from Air Photo Interpretation Texts Published to 1960. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi4020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Maeda E, Yoshikawa T, Nakashima R, Kobayashi K, Yokosawa K, Hayashi N, Masutani Y, Yoshioka N, Akahane M, Ohtomo K. Experimental system for measurement of radiologists' performance by visual search task. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:607. [PMID: 24294550 PMCID: PMC3838537 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Detective performance of radiologists for "obvious" targets should be evaluated by visual search task instead of ROC analysis, but visual task have not been applied to radiology studies. The aim of this study was to set up an environment that allows visual search task in radiology, to evaluate its feasibility, and to preliminarily investigate the effect of career on the performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a darkroom, ten radiologists were asked to answer the type of lesion by pressing buttons, when images without lesions, with bulla, ground-glass nodule, and solid nodule were randomly presented on a display. Differences in accuracy and reaction times depending on board certification were investigated. RESULTS The visual search task was successfully and feasibly performed. Radiologists were found to have high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values in non-board and board groups. Reaction time was under 1 second for all target types in both groups. Board radiologists were significantly faster in answering for bulla, but there were no significant differences for other targets and values. CONCLUSION We developed an experimental system that allows visual search experiment in radiology. Reaction time for detection of bulla was shortened with experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Maeda
- />Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Takeharu Yoshikawa
- />Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakashima
- />Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Society, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kobayashi
- />Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Society, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yokosawa
- />Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Society, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Naoto Hayashi
- />Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Masutani
- />Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- />Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
- />Department of Radiology, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 8-10-16, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, 107-0052 Japan
| | - Masaaki Akahane
- />Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kuni Ohtomo
- />Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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