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Loffing F, Prelle L, Heil L, Cañal-Bruland R. Body-specific influences on performance evaluation in realistic dynamic scenes. Laterality 2019; 24:355-372. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1522323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Loffing
- Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lino Prelle
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Lukas Heil
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Rouwen Cañal-Bruland
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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2
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Li H, Cao Y. The Body in Religion: The Spatial Mapping of Valence in Tibetan Practitioners of Bön. Cogn Sci 2019; 43:e12728. [PMID: 31001882 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the Body-Specificity Hypothesis (BSH), people implicitly associate positive ideas with the side of space on which they are able to act more fluently with their dominant hand. Though this hypothesis has been rigorously tested across a variety of populations and tasks, the studies thus far have only been conducted in linguistic and cultural communities which favor the right over the left. Here, we tested the effect of handedness on implicit space-valence mappings in Tibetan practitioners of Bön who show a strong religious preference for the left, in comparison to an English group. Results showed that Bön right-handers tended to implicitly associate positive valence more strongly with their dominant side of space despite strong explicit associations between the left and goodness in their religion. This pattern of results found in Bön participants was indistinguishable from that found in English speakers. The findings of the present study support the BSH, demonstrating that space-valence mappings in people's minds are shaped by their bodily experience, which appears to be independent of space-valence mappings enshrined in cultural conventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- College of International Studies, Southwest University, China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China
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Çatak EN, Açık A, Göksun T. The relationship between handedness and valence: A gesture study. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2018; 71:2615-2626. [PMID: 29355469 DOI: 10.1177/1747021817750110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
People with different hand preferences assign positive and negative emotions to different sides of their bodies and produce co-speech gestures with their dominant hand when the content is positive. In this study, we investigated this side preference by handedness in both gesture comprehension and production. Participants watched faceless gesture videos with negative and positive content on eye tracker and were asked to retell the stories after each video. Results indicated no difference in looking preferences regarding being right- or left-handed. Yet, an effect of emotional valence was observed. Participants spent more time looking to the right (actor's left) when the information was positive and to the left (actor's right) when the information was negative. Participants' retelling of stories revealed a handedness effect only for different types of gestures (representational vs beat). Individuals used their dominant hands for beat gestures. For representational gestures, while the right-handers used their right hands more, the left-handers gestured using both hands equally. Overall, the lack of significant difference between handedness and emotional content in both comprehension and production levels suggests that body-specific mental representations may not extend to the conversational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Nur Çatak
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Tilbe Göksun
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhao X, He X, Zhang W, Chen G, Chen Q, Huang L. Interpersonal choice: The advantage on the left or on the right? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 53:331-338. [PMID: 27650052 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether body specificity unconsciously influenced preferences for certain people. Participants were presented pictures of the heads of 2 persons who were described as having the similar personality, profession and family background. They were instructed to choose 1 in each pair as the preferred date, preferred friend, more charismatic boss or as the better national leader. The results showed body specificity had an influence on the selection preference on first impression. Participants tended to choose the character on their dominant-hand side. This study not only provided the first social psychological evidence for the body-specificity hypothesis, but also first demonstrated a role for body specificity in impression formation and selection preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Zhao
- School of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyou He
- School of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Chen
- Journalism and Communication College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Huang
- School of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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de la Fuente J, Casasanto D, Martínez-Cascales JI, Santiago J. Motor Imagery Shapes Abstract Concepts. Cogn Sci 2016; 41:1350-1360. [PMID: 27564211 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of "good" and "bad" are associated with right and left space. Individuals tend to associate good things with the side of their dominant hand, where they experience greater motor fluency, and bad things with their nondominant side. This mapping has been shown to be flexible: Changing the relative fluency of the hands, or even observing a change in someone else's motor fluency, results in a reversal of the conceptual mapping, such that good things become associated with the side of the nondominant hand. Yet, based on prior studies, it is unclear whether space-valence associations were determined by the experience of fluent versus disfluent actions, or by the mere expectation of fluency. Here, we tested the role of expected fluency by removing motor execution and perceptual feedback altogether. Participants were asked to imagine themselves performing a psychomotor task with one of their hands impaired, after which their implicit space-valence mapping was measured. After imagining that their right hand was impaired, right-handed participants showed the "good is left" association typical of left-handers. Motor imagery can change people's implicit associations between space and emotional valence. Although asymmetric motor experience may be necessary to establish body-specific associations between space and valence initially, neither motoric nor perceptual experience is needed to change these associations subsequently. The mere expectation of fluent versus disfluenct actions can drive fluency-based effects on people's implicit spatialization of "good" and "bad." These results suggest a reconsideration of the mechanisms and boundary conditions of fluency effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julio Santiago
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada
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Whalen DH, Zunshine L, Holquist M. Increases in Perspective Embedding Increase Reading Time Even with Typical Text Presentation: Implications for the Reading of Literature. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1778. [PMID: 26635684 PMCID: PMC4656850 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading fiction is a major component of intellectual life, yet it has proven difficult to study experimentally. One aspect of literature that has recently come to light is perspective embedding ("she thought I left" embedding her perspective on "I left"), which seems to be a defining feature of fiction. Previous work (Whalen et al., 2012) has shown that increasing levels of embedment affects the time that it takes readers to read and understand short vignettes in a moving window paradigm. With increasing levels of embedment from 1 to 5, reading times in a moving window paradigm rose almost linearly. However, level 0 was as slow as 3-4. Accuracy on probe questions was relatively constant until dropping at the fifth level. Here, we assessed this effect in a more ecologically valid ("typical") reading paradigm, in which the entire vignette was visible at once, either for as long as desired (Experiment 1) or a fixed time (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, reading times followed a pattern similar to that of the previous experiment, with some differences in absolute speed. Accuracy matched previous results: fairly consistent accuracy until a decline at level 5, indicating that both presentation methods allowed understanding. In Experiment 2, accuracy was somewhat reduced, perhaps because participants were less successful at allocating their attention than they were during the earlier experiment; however, the pattern was the same. It seems that literature does not, on average, use easiest reading level but rather uses a middle ground that challenges the reader, but not too much.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. H. Whalen
- Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, City University of New YorkNew York, NY, USA
- Haskins Laboratories, New HavenCT, USA
- Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New HavenCT, USA
| | - Lisa Zunshine
- Department of English, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
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Contrasting vertical and horizontal representations of affect in emotional visual search. Psychon Bull Rev 2015; 23:62-73. [DOI: 10.3758/s13423-015-0884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Furlanetto T, Gallace A, Ansuini C, Becchio C. Effects of arm crossing on spatial perspective-taking. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95748. [PMID: 24752571 PMCID: PMC3994149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human social interactions often require people to take a different perspective than their own. Although much research has been done on egocentric spatial representation in a solo context, little is known about how space is mapped in relation to other bodies. Here we used a spatial perspective-taking paradigm to investigate whether observing a person holding his arms crossed over the body midline has an impact on the encoding of left/right and front/back spatial relations from that person's perspective. In three experiments, we compared performance in a task in which spatial judgments were made from the perspective of the participant or from that of a co-experimenter. Depending on the experimental condition, the participant's and the co-experimenter's arms were either crossed or not crossed over the midline. Our results showed that crossing the arms had a specific effect on spatial judgments based on a first-person perspective. More specifically, the responses corresponding to the dominant hand side were slower in the crossed than in the uncrossed arms condition. Crucially, a similar effect was also found when the participants adopted the perspective of a person holding his arms crossed, but not when the other person's arms were held in an unusual but uncrossed posture. Taken together these findings indicate that egocentric space and altercentric space are similarly coded in neurocognitive maps structured with respect to specific body segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Furlanetto
- Centre for Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Gallace
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Ansuini
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Becchio
- Centre for Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Vicario CM, Rumiati RI. Left-right compatibility in the processing of trading verbs. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:16. [PMID: 24478662 PMCID: PMC3904129 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The research investigating the nature of cognitive processes involved in the representation of economical outcomes is growing. Within this research, the mental accounting model proposes that individuals may well use cognitive operations to organize, evaluate, and keep track of their financial activities (Thaler, 1999). Here we wanted to test this hypothesis by asking to a group of participants to detect a syntax mistake of verbs indicating incoming and going out activities related to economical profit (trading verbs), swapping (swapping verbs) and thinking (thinking verbs). We reported a left-right compatibility for trading verbs (i.e., participants were faster with their right hand while detecting verb referring to a monetary gain with respect to a monetary loss; and faster with their left hand while detecting a monetary loss with respect to a monetary gain). However, this pattern of result was not reported while detecting swapping verbs. Results are discussed taking into account the mental accounting theory as well as to the spatial mapping of valence hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo M Vicario
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia ; Cognitive Neuroscience Sector, SISSA Trieste, Italy ; School of Psychology Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Lynott D, Connell L, Holler J. The role of body and environment in cognition. Front Psychol 2013; 4:465. [PMID: 23885249 PMCID: PMC3717477 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Lynott
- Embodied Cognition Lab, Decision and Cognitive Sciences Research Centre, Manchester Business School, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
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