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Ferrar J, Griffith GJ, Skirrow C, Cashdollar N, Taptiklis N, Dobson J, Cree F, Cormack FK, Barnett JH, Munafò MR. Developing Digital Tools for Remote Clinical Research: How to Evaluate the Validity and Practicality of Active Assessments in Field Settings. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26004. [PMID: 34142972 PMCID: PMC8277353 DOI: 10.2196/26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of remote research tools to collect granular, high-frequency data on symptoms and digital biomarkers is an important strength because it circumvents many limitations of traditional clinical trials and improves the ability to capture clinically relevant data. This approach allows researchers to capture more robust baselines and derive novel phenotypes for improved precision in diagnosis and accuracy in outcomes. The process for developing these tools however is complex because data need to be collected at a frequency that is meaningful but not burdensome for the participant or patient. Furthermore, traditional techniques, which rely on fixed conditions to validate assessments, may be inappropriate for validating tools that are designed to capture data under flexible conditions. This paper discusses the process for determining whether a digital assessment is suitable for remote research and offers suggestions on how to validate these novel tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ferrar
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Griffith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Skirrow
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Cashdollar
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - James Dobson
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Cree
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer H Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Noiray A, Wieling M, Abakarova D, Rubertus E, Tiede M. Back From the Future: Nonlinear Anticipation in Adults' and Children's Speech. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:3033-3054. [PMID: 31465705 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-csmc7-18-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study examines the temporal organization of vocalic anticipation in German children from 3 to 7 years of age and adults. The main objective was to test for nonlinear processes in vocalic anticipation, which may result from the interaction between lingual gestural goals for individual vowels and those for their neighbors over time. Method The technique of ultrasound imaging was employed to record tongue movement at 5 time points throughout short utterances of the form V1#CV2. Vocalic anticipation was examined with generalized additive modeling, an analytical approach allowing for the estimation of both linear and nonlinear influences on anticipatory processes. Results Both adults and children exhibit nonlinear patterns of vocalic anticipation over time with the degree and extent of vocalic anticipation varying as a function of the individual consonants and vowels assembled. However, noticeable developmental discrepancies were found with vocalic anticipation being present earlier in children's utterances at 3-5 years of age in comparison to adults and, to some extent, 7-year-old children. Conclusions A developmental transition towards more segmentally-specified coarticulatory organizations seems to occur from kindergarten to primary school to adulthood. In adults, nonlinear anticipatory patterns over time suggest a strong differentiation between the gestural goals for consecutive segments. In children, this differentiation is not yet mature: Vowels show greater prominence over time and seem activated more in phase with those of previous segments relative to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Noiray
- Laboratory for Oral Language Acquisition, Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
| | - Martijn Wieling
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
- Center for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dzhuma Abakarova
- Laboratory for Oral Language Acquisition, Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elina Rubertus
- Laboratory for Oral Language Acquisition, Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany
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O'Brien MG, Curtin S, Naqvi R. Understanding multilingualism and its implications. Front Psychol 2015; 5:1464. [PMID: 25566142 PMCID: PMC4274874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary G O'Brien
- Linguistics, Languages and Cultures, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Language Research Centre, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suzanne Curtin
- Language Research Centre, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Psychology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rahat Naqvi
- Language Research Centre, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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