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Zhang Y, He H, Yi L. An investigation on the face inversion effect in deaf children. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2024:enae033. [PMID: 39153471 DOI: 10.1093/jdsade/enae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The face inversion effect is an important indicator of holistic face perception and reflects the developmental level of face processing. This study examined the face inversion effect in deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) children aged 7-17 using the face dimensions task. This task uses photographic images of a face, in which configural and featural information in the eye and mouth regions have been parametrically and independently manipulated. The study aimed to discuss the effect of face inversion on facial processing in DHH children, including two aspects of information processing types (configural versus featural) and processing regions (eyes versus mouth) and compared the results with hearing children. The results revealed that DHH children aged 7-17 years exhibit significant face inversion effect, with disruptions observed in both the featural and configural processing of eyes and mouths when faces were inverted. Configural processing was more affected by inversion than featural processing in all children, with larger differences observed in DHH children than in hearing children. This supports the dual-mode hypothesis of holistic face processing. Age correlations were observed in the sensitivity of DHH children to face inversion effect but not among hearing children. The inversion effect of configural mouth processing decreases with age in DHH children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhang
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huizhong He
- Institute of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, N. 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing P.R. China
| | - Lixin Yi
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai, P.R. China
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2
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Wang Z, Wu T, Zhang W, Deng W, Li Y, Zhang L, Sun YHP, Jin H. High familiar faces have both eye recognition and holistic processing advantages. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:2296-2306. [PMID: 37794299 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
People recognize familiar faces better than unfamiliar faces. However, it remains unknown whether familiarity affects part-based and/or holistic processing. Wang et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 559 (2015), Vision Research, 157, 89-96 (2019) found both enhanced part-based and holistic processing in eye relative to mouth regions (i.e., in a region-selective manner) for own-race and own-species faces, i.e., faces with more experience. Here, we examined the role of face familiarity in eyes (part-based, region-selective) and holistic processing. Face familiarity was tested at three levels: high-familiar (faces of students from the same department and the same class who attended almost all courses together), low-familiar (faces of students from the same department but different classes who attended some courses together), and unfamiliar (faces of schoolmates from different departments who seldom attended the same courses). Using the old/new task in Experiment 1, we found that participants recognized eyes of high-familiar faces better than low-familiar and unfamiliar ones, while similar performance was observed for mouths, indicating a region-selective, eyes familiarity effect. Using the "Perceptual field" paradigm in Experiment 2, we observed a stronger inversion effect for high-familiar faces, a weaker inversion effect for low-familiar faces, but a non-significant inversion effect for unfamiliar faces, indicating that face familiarity plays a role in holistic processing. Taken together, our results suggest that familiarity, like other experience-based variables (e.g., race and species), can improve both eye processing and holistic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lushuang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Hao P Sun
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haiyang Jin
- Division of Science, Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Liu J, Guo H, Peng Y, Sun T, Tian Y. Facial attractiveness facilitates other-race faces recognizing: the role of facial attractiveness in other-race effect. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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WANG Z, CHEN Y, LIU W, SUN YH. An eye region-specific cross-dimension covariation enhancement effect in facial featural and configural information change detection. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2022.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Kawakami K, Friesen JP, Williams A, Vingilis-Jaremko L, Sidhu DM, Rodriguez-Bailón R, Cañadas E, Hugenberg K. Impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on attention to the eyes of same-race and other-race faces. COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS 2021; 6:68. [PMID: 34727302 PMCID: PMC8563912 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-021-00336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One reason for the persistence of racial discrimination may be anticipated dissimilarity with racial outgroup members that prevent meaningful interactions. In the present research, we investigated whether perceived similarity would impact the processing of same-race and other-race faces.
Specifically, in two experiments, we varied the extent to which White participants were ostensibly similar to targets via bogus feedback on a personality test. With an eye tracker, we measured the effect of this manipulation on attention to the eyes, a critical region for person perception and face memory. In Experiment 1, we monitored the impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on White participants’ attention to the eyes of same-race White targets. In Experiment 2, we replicated this procedure, but White participants were presented with either same-race White targets or other-race Black targets in a between-subjects design. The pattern of results in both experiments indicated a positive linear effect of similarity—greater perceived similarity between participants and targets predicted more attention to the eyes of White and Black faces. The implications of these findings related to top-down effects of perceived similarity for our understanding of basic processes in face perception, as well as intergroup relations, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larissa Vingilis-Jaremko
- York University, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Association for Girls in Science, Mississauga, Canada
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6
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Havard C. The Importance of Internal and External Features in Matching Own and Other Race Faces. Perception 2021; 50:861-875. [PMID: 34549656 DOI: 10.1177/03010066211043464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that we are better at discriminating between faces that are our own race, and much less accurate with faces of another race. When the external features of faces were removed, this reduced the accuracy for recognizing other-races faces, more than own-race faces, suggesting that the external features (hair, face shape) are especially important for the recognition of other-race faces. The aim of the current study was to determine whether external features were more useful in matching other-race faces, and whether this was the case for Western and Eastern viewers. The current study employed a face matching task with Caucasian (U.K.) and Asian (Chinese) participants and found that responses were more accurate for own-race faces, and for whole faces when compared with faces where the internal or external features had been removed. Removing the external features of other-race faces increased the own-race bias for Chinese and U.K. participants, demonstrating the importance of viewing whole faces, including the external features when matching other-race faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Havard
- The School of Psychology & Counselling, The Open University, UK
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7
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Stanbouly D, Chuang SK. What are the Psychosocial Consequences of Chronic Mask-Wearing in the COVID-19 Pandemic? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:1815-1816. [PMID: 34051157 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Stanbouly
- Dental Student, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Sung-Kiang Chuang
- Clinical Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Private Practice, Brockton Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Inc., Brockton, MA; Attending, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Good Samaritan Medical Center, Brockton, MA; Visiting Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wong HK, Estudillo AJ, Stephen ID, Keeble DRT. The other-race effect and holistic processing across racial groups. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8507. [PMID: 33875735 PMCID: PMC8055977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that holistic processing is important for face perception. However, it remains unclear whether the other-race effect (ORE) (i.e. superior recognition for own-race faces) arises from reduced holistic processing of other-race faces. To address this issue, we adopted a cross-cultural design where Malaysian Chinese, African, European Caucasian and Australian Caucasian participants performed four different tasks: (1) yes-no face recognition, (2) composite, (3) whole-part and (4) global-local tasks. Each face task was completed with unfamiliar own- and other-race faces. Results showed a pronounced ORE in the face recognition task. Both composite-face and whole-part effects were found; however, these holistic effects did not appear to be stronger for other-race faces than for own-race faces. In the global-local task, Malaysian Chinese and African participants demonstrated a stronger global processing bias compared to both European- and Australian-Caucasian participants. Importantly, we found little or no cross-task correlation between any of the holistic processing measures and face recognition ability. Overall, our findings cast doubt on the prevailing account that the ORE in face recognition is due to reduced holistic processing in other-race faces. Further studies should adopt an interactionist approach taking into account cultural, motivational, and socio-cognitive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoo Keat Wong
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.
| | - Alejandro J Estudillo
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK
| | - Ian D Stephen
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - David R T Keeble
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
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Wang H, Qiu R, Li W, Li S, Fu S. Cultural Differences in the Time Course of Configural and Featural Processing for Own-race Faces. Neuroscience 2020; 446:157-170. [PMID: 32891705 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that East Asians pay more attention than Caucasian Westerners to configural information in faces, while the latter group pays more attention to featural information. However, it is unclear whether this cultural variation in attention produces a different time course of the processing bias for configural and featural information. This was examined using event-related potentials in a spatial attention paradigm. Chinese and Westerners were instructed to attend to the locations of two face images or houses. Although the race-related difference was absent in behavioral performance and N170 component, Chinese participants exhibited a configural processing bias on P1 component in the case of both own- and other-race faces and a featural processing bias on P2 component for own-race faces. In contrast, Westerners exhibited a featural processing bias for own-race faces and a configural processing bias for other-race faces on P1 component, whereas a configural processing bias was observed on P2 component for both own- and other-race faces. These results demonstrate that there are important differences between East Asians and Westerners in their relative preferences for configural versus featural processing of own-race faces, but not other-race faces. The relative roles of configural and featural information processing for faces are thus dependent on both who is looking (the culture or race of the observer) and what they are looking at (the race of the face): Easterners enjoy an early global/configural processing bias and a late local/featural processing bias for own-race faces, while Westerners benefit from an early local/featural processing bias and a late global/configural processing bias for own-race faces; both of the groups have an early and late global/configural processing bias for other-race faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ruiyi Qiu
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shimin Fu
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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10
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Yong MH, Lim XL, Schaefer A. How do Asians perceive Caucasian eyes? Electrophysiological correlates of perceiving racial differences from the eyes region of the face. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134759. [PMID: 31952988 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Past research has found that several brain event-related potentials (ERPs) were sensitive to the perception of ethnic differences displayed on human faces. This body of research suggests that the phenomenon of "race perception" involves a cascade of cognitive processes that includes both automatic and overt attentional mechanisms. However, most of these studies used stimuli depicting whole faces rather than stimuli depicting separate facial features. Therefore, it is still largely unknown if ERP responses to racial differences are the result of a holistic processing of the whole face, or whether they can be accounted for by the perception of single facial features. To address this issue, we examined whether a single facial feature, the eyes region, can provide sufficient information to trigger known ERP correlates of race perception such as the P2, the N400 and the Late Positive Complex (LPC). Specifically, we showed pictures depicting only the eyes region of Caucasian and Asian faces to a sample of Asian participants. We found that the P2 was larger for other-race (OR) compared to same-race (SR) eyes, and that the N400 was larger for SR compared to OR eyes. The effects on the P2 may suggest an enhanced vigilance response to OR eyes whereas the N400 effect could reflect a signal of familiarity triggered by SR eyes. These results indicate that a specific facial feature, the eyes region, can account for known effects of race perception on early brain potentials. Our findings also indicate that well-known early neural correlates of race perception can be triggered in the absence of a holistic processing of the whole face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hooi Yong
- Sunway University, Department of Psychology, 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Xue Li Lim
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexandre Schaefer
- Monash University, Malaysia Campus, Department of Psychology, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Wang Z, Quinn PC, Jin H, Sun YHP, Tanaka JW, Pascalis O, Lee K. A regional composite-face effect for species-specific recognition: Upper and lower halves play different roles in holistic processing of monkey faces. Vision Res 2018; 157:89-96. [PMID: 29653136 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using a composite-face paradigm, we examined the holistic processing induced by Asian faces, Caucasian faces, and monkey faces with human Asian participants in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge whether the upper halves of two faces successively presented were the same or different. A composite-face effect was found for Asian faces and Caucasian faces, but not for monkey faces. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to judge whether the lower halves of the two faces successively presented were the same or different. A composite-face effect was found for monkey faces as well as for Asian faces and Caucasian faces. Collectively, these results reveal that own-species (i.e., own-race and other-race) faces engage holistic processing in both upper and lower halves of the face, but other-species (i.e., monkey) faces engage holistic processing only when participants are asked to match the lower halves of the face. The findings are discussed in the context of a region-based holistic processing account for the species-specific effect in face recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, PR China
| | - Paul C Quinn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | - Haiyang Jin
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, PR China
| | - Yu-Hao P Sun
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Nanjing, PR China.
| | - James W Tanaka
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Canada
| | - Olivier Pascalis
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Kang Lee
- Dr. Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, Canada.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao B. Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Pezdek
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
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