Dysfunctional cognition in individuals with an increased risk for mania.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2021;
3:e3733. [PMID:
36397786 PMCID:
PMC9667121 DOI:
10.32872/cpe.3733]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
There is still a lack of knowledge about attitudes and cognitions that are related to bipolar disorder. Theoretically, it was proposed that exaggerated beliefs about the self, relationships, the need for excitement, and goal-related activities might lead to mania in vulnerable individuals, however, the few studies that examined this hypothesis provided mixed results. One of the unresolved issues is if such a cognitive style is associated with current mood symptoms or with different stages of the illness, i.e. at-risk versus diagnosed bipolar disorder. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating depression and mania-related cognitive style in individuals at-risk for mania.
Method
In an online survey, we collected data of 255 students of the University of Klagenfurt, Austria. All participants completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), the Cognition Checklist for Mania – Revised (CCL-M-R), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Internal State Scale (ISS).
Results
In a hierarchical regression, HPS was positively related to scores of all subscales of the CCL-M-R. The HPS did not significantly predict scores of the DAS. Current manic and depressive symptoms significantly contributed to the models.
Conclusion
The present results suggest that a trait-like risk for mania is associated with mania-related but not depression-related cognitions.
Individuals at-risk for mania show mania-specific rather than depression-specific thinking patters.
Current subclinical mood symptoms are related to mood-congruent attitudes and cognitions.
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