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Loscalzo Y, Shamai O, Eshet Y. The assessment of heavy work investment: Psychometric properties of the WI-10 on a sample of Israeli workers. Work 2022; 72:171-180. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heavy Work Investment (HWI) is a construct that covers both positive and negative behaviors characterized by a high investment of time and energy in working (work engagement and workaholism, respectively). In the literature, it has been introduced, recently, the Work-related Inventory (WI-10) that allows evaluating four types of worker, three of which are HWIs: disengaged workaholics, engaged workaholics, engaged workers, and detached workers. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to validate the Hebrew WI-10 on Israeli workers. METHODS: We recruited a convenient sample of 459 workers (about half females and half males) with a mean age of 37.12±10.33. We performed Confirmatory Factor Analysis, convergent and divergent validity analyses. Finally, we calculated the cut-off scores corresponding to high and low workaholism and work engagement. RESULTS: We found support for the 10-item (2 filler) and 2-factor structure (Workaholism and Work Engagement) of the WI-10, as well as for its good psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: The WI-10 may be used in future research aimed at disentangling the question about the positive and adverse effects that might be associated with different types of HWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Loscalzo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Orit Shamai
- Faculty of Management, Business Administration Department, Center for the Study of Organizations & Human Resource Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yovav Eshet
- Zefat Academic College, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, Safed, Israel
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Gjerstad CL, Bøe HJ, Falkum E, Martinsen EW, Nordstrand AE, Tønnesen A, Reichelt JG, Lystad JU. Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Peacekeepers 18-38 Years Postdeployment. J Trauma Stress 2020; 33:762-772. [PMID: 32810318 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peacekeeping missions involve experiences that may impact the mental health of participating soldiers. However, research on the long-term mental health consequences of peacekeeping is sparse. The present study aimed to find the prevalence of mental health problems (MHPs), possible MHP predictors, and associations between predictors and MHPs in Norwegian peacekeepers 18-38 years after deployment to a United Nations peacekeeping mission. We used data from a cross-sectional, postdeployment survey of Norwegian peacekeepers who served in Lebanon between 1978 and 1998 (N = 10,605). Participants were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); anxiety; depression; insomnia; alcohol misuse; drug misuse; and exposure to pre-, peri-, and postdeployment stressors. Logistic regressions were executed to explore key variables associated with MHPs. Total MHP prevalence was 15.1%, 95% CI [14.4, 15.8]. The estimates for specific disorders were 0.1% for drug misuse, 3.4% for alcohol misuse, 4.0% for depression, 6.2% for PTSD, 6.4% for anxiety, and 9.3% for insomnia. Postdeployment stressors, OR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.79, 2.04]; employment status, OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.33, 1.48]; and traumatic exposure during deployment, OR = 1.11, 95% CI [1.09, 1.12], were positively related to PTSD, χ2(17, N = 8,568) = 1,791.299, p < .001. Similar patterns were found for the other MHPs. Considering that most participants (84.9%) reported low symptom levels, our findings challenge the widespread public perception that most peacekeepers have MHPs. Moreover, our results indicate that future peacekeepers should be prepared for challenges they may face not only during deployment but also in the years following their homecoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Lunde Gjerstad
- Institute of Military Psychiatry, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Jakob Bøe
- Institute of Military Psychiatry, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Kongsberg DPS, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Erik Falkum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil Wilhelm Martinsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand
- Institute of Military Psychiatry, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnfinn Tønnesen
- Institute of Military Psychiatry, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - June Ullevoldsaeter Lystad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Early Psychosis Treatment, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Loscalzo Y, Giannini M. What type of worker are you? Work-related Inventory (WI-10): A comprehensive instrument for the measurement of workaholism. Work 2019; 62:383-392. [PMID: 30856144 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In literature, there are many instruments for evaluating workaholism; however, they do not have convergent validity, because of the lack of a shared definition of workaholism. OBJECTIVE We propose a new instrument for evaluating workaholism and work engagement, namely the Work-related Inventory (WI-10), which is based on Loscalzo and Giannini's (2017) comprehensive definition of workaholism. METHODS We developed a pool of 36 items, covering: 1) addiction symptoms; 2) obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and 3) work engagement. Then, we conducted Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyses on a sample of 503 Italian workers (165 males, 337 females, one missing; Mean age = 38.26±10.84) aiming to reduce the number of items. RESULTS The results showed a 10-items (2 filler) and 2-factor solution: 1) Workaholism and 2) Work Engagement; moreover, the WI-10 has good internal reliability, convergent and divergent validity. CONCLUSIONS We found good psychometric properties for the WI-10. We also proposed the cut-off scores for the screening of the four kinds of workers proposed by Loscalzo and Giannini (2017): disengaged workaholics, engaged workaholics, engaged workers, and detached workers. The WI-10 will be useful for both research and preventive and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Loscalzo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Giannini
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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