1
|
Tarasova I, Trubnikova O, Kukhareva I, Syrova I, Sosnina A, Kupriyanova D, Barbarash O. A Comparison of Two Multi-Tasking Approaches to Cognitive Training in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2823. [PMID: 37893196 PMCID: PMC10604887 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multi-tasking approach may be promising for cognitive rehabilitation in cardiac surgery patients due to a significant effect on attentional and executive functions. This study aimed to compare the neuropsychological changes in patients who have undergone two variants of multi-tasking training and a control group in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS One hundred and ten CABG patients were divided into three groups: cognitive training (CT) I (a postural balance task with mental arithmetic, verbal fluency, and divergent tasks) (n = 30), CT II (a simple visual-motor reaction with mental arithmetic, verbal fluency, and divergent tasks) (n = 40), and control (n = 40). RESULTS Two or more cognitive indicators improved in 93.3% of CT I patients, in 72.5% of CT II patients, and in 62.5% of control patients; CT I patients differed from CT II and control (p = 0.04 and p = 0.008, respectively). The improving short-term memory and attention was found more frequently in the CT I group as compared to control (56.7% vs. 15%; p = 0.0005). The cognitive improvement of all domains (psychomotor and executive functions, attention, and short-term memory) was also revealed in CT I patients more frequently than CT II (46.7% vs. 20%; p = 0.02) and control (46.7% vs. 5%; p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS The CT I multi-tasking training was more effective at improving the cognitive performance in cardiac surgery patients as compared to CT II training and standard post-surgery management. The findings of this study will be helpful for future studies involving multi-tasking training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tarasova
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Blvd., 6, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.T.); (I.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bateni H, Soltani E, Ali K, Zhou H, Shad MU. Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on postural control of individuals with major depressive disorder: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231153757. [PMID: 36816824 PMCID: PMC9932753 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231153757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accidental falls and major depressive disorder (MDD) are two common conditions associated with aging. Initial treatment of MDD often starts with administering antidepressants, followed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for treatment-resistant individuals. The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of repetitive TMS (rTMS) on postural control of an individual with MDD. A 44-year-old male with recurrent severe MDD was assessed for postural balance during eyes closed and eyes open conditions, pre and post three consecutive sessions receiving high-frequency rTMS (NeuroStar). Total excursion and velocity of sway significantly decreased following rTMS treatment when eyes were closed (p < 0.05). Power of the sway changed, but the changes were not statistically significant. The fractal dimension confidence circle area decreased significantly in eyes closed trials (p < 0.05). It appears that rTMS application can potentially impact postural steadiness in individuals with MDD. Our results warrant further studies with larger study samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Bateni
- Physical Therapy Program, Northern
Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA,Hamid Bateni, Physical Therapy Program,
Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115-2828, USA.
| | - Elham Soltani
- Psychiatry Program, The Valley Health
System, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Kishwar Ali
- General Psychiatry Services, Aurora,
IL, USA
| | - Haiming Zhou
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial
Science, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Mujeeb U Shad
- The Valley Health System, Las Vegas,
NV, USA,University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las
Vegas, NV, USA,Touro University Nevada College of
Osteopathic Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Knowledge generalization and the costs of multitasking. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:98-112. [PMID: 36347942 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Humans are able to rapidly perform novel tasks, but show pervasive performance costs when attempting to do two things at once. Traditionally, empirical and theoretical investigations into the sources of such multitasking interference have largely focused on multitasking in isolation to other cognitive functions, characterizing the conditions that give rise to performance decrements. Here we instead ask whether multitasking costs are linked to the system's capacity for knowledge generalization, as is required to perform novel tasks. We show how interrogation of the neurophysiological circuitry underlying these two facets of cognition yields further insights for both. Specifically, we demonstrate how a system that rapidly generalizes knowledge may induce multitasking costs owing to sharing of task contingencies between contexts in neural representations encoded in frontoparietal and striatal brain regions. We discuss neurophysiological insights suggesting that prolonged learning segregates such representations by refining the brain's model of task-relevant contingencies, thereby reducing information sharing between contexts and improving multitasking performance while reducing flexibility and generalization. These proposed neural mechanisms explain why the brain shows rapid task understanding, multitasking limitations and practice effects. In short, multitasking limits are the price we pay for behavioural flexibility.
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of spatial working memory capacity and resolution loads on postural stability while dual-tasking. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:221-229. [PMID: 36463329 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Increased spatial processing demands, e.g., working memory loads, which include capacity load and resolution load, may interfere with postural stability. To date, there has been little evidence to demonstrate whether capacity load and resolution load affect postural stability. Therefore, this study manipulated capacity load and resolution load in a spatial working memory task to examine how postural stability is affected. Sixteen healthy young participants were tested in a dual-task paradigm that consisted of a postural task with a tandem Romberg stance and a spatial working memory task with different capacity loads and resolution loads in different sessions. Participants were required to detect a salient change (45° in low resolution) or a subtle change (15° in high resolution) in the bar orientation as a resolution load. Capacity load was manipulated by storing the number of bars, with two bars in low capacity and four in high capacity. The results showed significant interactions between capacity load and resolution load on dual-task effects of sway velocity. In the low-resolution condition, the dual-task effects of anteroposterior and mediolateral sway velocity were significantly lower in the high capacity than in the low capacity, yet no significant differences occurred in the high-resolution load condition. Our results suggest that increased capacity loads interfere with postural stability only in low-resolution loads while dual-tasking.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu Y, Liu T, Song S, Qin K, Chan W. The specific brain activity of dual task coordination: a theoretical conflict-control model based on a qualitative and quantitative review. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2022.2143788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianliang Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sensen Song
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyang Qin
- Social, Health & Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wai Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brahms M, Heinzel S, Rapp M, Mückstein M, Hortobágyi T, Stelzel C, Granacher U. The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 225:103540. [PMID: 35245722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance. We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = -0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically. Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brahms
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Rapp
- University of Potsdam, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marie Mückstein
- International Psychoanalytic University, Stromstraße 1, 10555 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Christine Stelzel
- International Psychoanalytic University, Stromstraße 1, 10555 Berlin, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ashtiani MN, Ashtiani MN, Oskoei MA. Cognitive perturbations affect brain cortical activity and postural control: An investigation of human EEG and motion data. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Walsh GS. Visuomotor control dynamics of quiet standing under single and dual task conditions in younger and older adults. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136122. [PMID: 34293417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Visual input facilitates stable postural control; however, ageing alters visual gaze strategies and visual input processing times. Understanding the complex interaction between visual gaze behaviour and the effects of age may inform future interventions to improve postural control in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of age and dual task on gaze and postural sway dynamics, and the sway-gaze complexity coupling to explore the coupling between sensory input and motor output. Ten older and 10 younger adults performed single and dual task quiet standing while gaze behaviour and centre of mass motion were recorded. The complexity and stability of postural sway, saccade characteristics, visual input duration and complexity of gaze were calculated in addition to sway-gaze coupling quantified by cross-sample entropy. Dual tasking increased complexity and decreased stability of sway with increased gaze complexity and visual input duration, suggesting greater automaticity of sway with greater exploration of the visual field but with longer visual inputs to maintain postural stability in dual task conditions. In addition, older adults had lower complexity and stability of sway than younger adults indicating less automated and stable postural control. Older adults also demonstrated lower gaze complexity, longer visual input durations and greater sway-gaze coupling. These findings suggest older adults adopted a strategy to increase the capacity for visual information input, whilst exploring less of the visual field than younger adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Walsh
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brahms M, Heinzel S, Rapp M, Reisner V, Wahmkow G, Rimpel J, Schauenburg G, Stelzel C, Granacher U. Cognitive-Postural Multitasking Training in Older Adults - Effects of Input-Output Modality Mappings on Cognitive Performance and Postural Control. J Cogn 2021; 4:20. [PMID: 33748665 PMCID: PMC7954177 DOI: 10.5334/joc.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults exhibit impaired cognitive and balance performance, particularly under multi-task conditions, which can be improved through training. Compatibility of modality mappings in cognitive tasks (i.e., match between stimulus modality and anticipated sensory effects of motor responses), modulates physical and cognitive dual-task costs. However, the effects of modality specific training programs have not been evaluated yet. Here, we tested the effects of cognitive-postural multi-tasking training on the ability to coordinate task mappings under high postural demands in healthy older adults. Twenty-one adults aged 65-85 years were assigned to one of two groups. While group 1 performed cognitive-postural triple-task training with compatible modality mappings (i.e., visual-manual and auditory-vocal dual n-back tasks), group 2 performed the same tasks with incompatible modality mappings (i.e., visual-vocal and auditory-manual n-back tasks). Throughout the 6-weeks balance training intervention, working-memory load was gradually increased while base-of-support was reduced. Before training (T0), after a 6-week passive control period (T1), and immediately after the intervention (T2), participants performed spatial dual one-back tasks in semi-tandem stance position. Our results indicate improved working-memory performance and reduced dual-task costs for both groups after the passive control period, but no training-specific performance gains. Furthermore, balance performance did not improve in response to training. Notably, the cohort demonstrated meaningful interindividual variability in training responses. Our findings raise questions about practice effects and age-related heterogeneity of training responses following cognitive-motor training. Following multi-modal balance training, neither compatible nor incompatible modality mappings had an impact on the observed outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brahms
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Rapp
- University of Potsdam, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Volker Reisner
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunnar Wahmkow
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jérôme Rimpel
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gesche Schauenburg
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clavel L, Attali V, Rivals I, Niérat MC, Laveneziana P, Rouch P, Similowski T, Sandoz B. Decreased respiratory-related postural perturbations at the cervical level under cognitive load. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1063-1074. [PMID: 32185476 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In healthy humans, postural and respiratory dynamics are intimately linked and a breathing-related postural perturbation is evident in joint kinematics. A cognitive dual-task paradigm that is known to induce both postural and ventilatory disturbances can be used to modulate this multijoint posturo-ventilatory (PV) interaction, particularly in the cervical spine, which supports the head. The objective of this study was to assess this modulation. METHODS With the use of optoelectronic sensors, the breathing profile, articular joint motions of the cervical spine, hip, knees and ankles, and centre of pressure (CoP) displacement were measured in 20 healthy subjects (37 years old [29; 49], 10 females) during natural breathing (NB), a cognitive dual task (COG), and eyes-closed and increased-tidal-volume conditions. The PV interaction in the CoP and joint motions were evaluated by calculating the respiratory emergence (REm). RESULTS Only the COG condition induced a decrease in the cervical REm (NB: 17.2% [7.8; 37.2]; COG: 4.2% [1.8; 10.0] p = 0.0020) concurrent with no changes in the cervical motion. The CoP REm (NB: 6.2% [3.8; 10.3]; COG: 12.9% [5.8; 20.7] p = 0.0696) and breathing frequency (NB: 16.6 min-1 [13.3; 18.7]; COG: 18.6 min-1 [16.3; 19.4] p = 0.0731) tended to increase, while the CoP (p = 0.0072) and lower joint motion displacements (p < 0.05) increased. CONCLUSION This study shows stable cervical spine motion during a cognitive dual task, as well as increased postural perturbations globally and in other joints. The concurrent reduction in the PV interaction at the cervical spine suggests that this "stabilization strategy" is centrally controlled and is achieved by a reduction in the breathing-related postural perturbations at this level. Whether this strategy is a goal for maintaining balance remains to be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Clavel
- UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75005, Paris, France. .,Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, IBHGC, 151 bd de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Valérie Attali
- UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75005, Paris, France.,Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, IBHGC, 151 bd de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France.,Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75005, Paris, France.,Equipe de Statistique Appliquée, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Niérat
- UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierantonio Laveneziana
- UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75005, Paris, France.,Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée, Département "R3S", Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Rouch
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, IBHGC, 151 bd de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75005, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Sandoz
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, IBHGC, 151 bd de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Cognitive-Motor Interference during Multitasking in Young and Old Adults. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:9478656. [PMID: 31582967 PMCID: PMC6748191 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9478656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent performance of cognitive and postural tasks is particularly impaired in old adults and associated with an increased risk of falls. Biological aging of the cognitive and postural control system appears to be responsible for increased cognitive-motor interference effects. We examined neural and behavioral markers of motor-cognitive dual-task performance in young and old adults performing spatial one-back working memory single and dual tasks during semitandem stance. On the neural level, we used EEG to test for age-related modulations in the frequency domain related to cognitive-postural task load. Twenty-eight healthy young and 30 old adults participated in this study. The tasks included a postural single task, a cognitive-postural dual task, and a cognitive-postural triple task (cognitive dual-task with postural demands). Postural sway (i.e., total center of pressure displacements) was recorded in semistance position on an unstable surface that was placed on top of a force plate while performing cognitive tasks. Neural activation was recorded using a 64-channel mobile EEG system. EEG frequencies were attenuated by the baseline postural single-task condition and demarcated in nine Regions-of-Interest (ROIs), i.e., anterior, central, posterior, over the cortical midline, and both hemispheres. Our findings revealed impaired cognitive dual-task performance in old compared to young participants in the form of significantly lower cognitive performance in the triple-task condition. Furthermore, old adults compared with young adults showed significantly larger postural sway, especially in cognitive-postural task conditions. With respect to EEG frequencies, young compared to old participants showed significantly lower alpha-band activity in cognitive-cognitive-postural triple-task conditions compared with cognitive-postural dual tasks. In addition, with increasing task difficulty, we observed synchronized theta and delta frequencies, irrespective of age. Task-dependent alterations of the alpha frequency band were most pronounced over frontal and central ROIs, while alterations of the theta and delta frequency bands were found in frontal, central, and posterior ROIs. Theta and delta synchronization exhibited a decrease from anterior to posterior regions. For old adults, task difficulty was reflected by theta synchronization in the posterior ROI. For young adults, it was reflected by alpha desynchronization in bilateral anterior ROIs. In addition, we could not identify any effects of task difficulty and age on the beta frequency band. Our results shed light on age-related cognitive and postural declines and how they interact. Modulated alpha frequencies during high cognitive-postural task demands in young but not old adults might be reflective of a constrained neural adaptive potential in old adults. Future studies are needed to elucidate associations between the identified age-related performance decrements with task difficulty and changes in brain activity.
Collapse
|