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Abé C, Petrovic P, Ossler W, Thompson WH, Liberg B, Song J, Bergen SE, Sellgren CM, Fransson P, Ingvar M, Landén M. Genetic risk for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia predicts structure and function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E441-E450. [PMID: 34291628 PMCID: PMC8519489 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is highly heritable and polygenic. The polygenic risk for bipolar disorder overlaps with that of schizophrenia, and polygenic scores are normally distributed in the population. Bipolar disorder has been associated with structural brain abnormalities, but it is unknown how these are linked to genetic risk factors for psychotic disorders. METHODS We tested whether polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia predict structural brain alterations in 98 patients with bipolar disorder and 81 healthy controls. We derived brain cortical thickness, surface area and volume from structural MRI scans. In post-hoc analyses, we correlated polygenic risk with functional hub strength, derived from resting-state functional MRI and brain connectomics. RESULTS Higher polygenic risk scores for both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were associated with a thinner ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). We found these associations in the combined group, and separately in patients and drug-naive controls. Polygenic risk for bipolar disorder was correlated with the functional hub strength of the vmPFC within the default mode network. LIMITATIONS Polygenic risk is a cumulative measure of genomic burden. Detailed genetic mechanisms underlying brain alterations and their cognitive consequences still need to be determined. CONCLUSION Our multimodal neuroimaging study linked genomic burden and brain endophenotype by demonstrating an association between polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and the structure and function of the vmPFC. Our findings suggest that genetic factors might confer risk for psychotic disorders by influencing the integrity of the vmPFC, a brain region involved in self-referential processes and emotional regulation. Our study may also provide an imaging-genetics vulnerability marker that can be used to help identify individuals at risk for developing bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Abé
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - William Ossler
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - William H Thompson
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - Benny Liberg
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - Jie Song
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - Peter Fransson
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - Martin Ingvar
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
| | - Mikael Landén
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Abé, Petrovic, Ossler, Thompson, Liberg, Fransson, Ingvar, Landén); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Thompson); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Song, Bergen); the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Sellgren); Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden (Ingvar); and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden (Landén)
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Fletcher K, Yang Y, Johnson SL, Berk M, Perich T, Cotton S, Jones S, Lapsley S, Michalak E, Murray G. Buffering against maladaptive perfectionism in bipolar disorder: The role of self-compassion. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:132-139. [PMID: 30852365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maladaptive perfectionism is a transdiagnostic risk and maintaining factor for a range of mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD). Self-compassion represents a potential protective factor against maladaptive perfectionism, however no studies to date have examined the relationship of these constructs in BD. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between maladaptive perfectionism, self-compassion and symptoms among individuals with BD. METHODS Baseline data were collected from 302 participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BD participating in an international randomised controlled trial. Participants completed measures of maladaptive perfectionism, self-compassion, symptom severity and emotion regulation difficulties. Clinician-administered measures of depression and mania severity were additionally collected. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Maladaptive perfectionism was positively associated with depression, anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties. Lower levels of self-compassion correlated with greater self-reported depression, anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties. Self-compassion partially mediated relationships between maladaptive perfectionism, depression, anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limits conclusions about causal relationships between study variables. Results may not be generalizable to other BD populations. The role of maladaptive perfectionism and self-compassion in elevated mood states of BD remains unclear. CONCLUSION Self-compassion represents one mechanism through which maladaptive perfectionism influences symptoms of depression, anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties in BD. Self-compassion represents a modifiable treatment target; individuals with BD exhibiting maladaptive perfectionistic tendencies may benefit from interventions fostering self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Fletcher
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yan Yang
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tania Perich
- Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Cotton
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Jones
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sara Lapsley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Erin Michalak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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