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Salinas-Quiroz F, Balkcom JH, Hermosa-Bosano C, Olaya-Torres A, Costa PA. Comfort with LGB people and attitudes toward same-sex parenting in Continental American Hispanic Nations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7705. [PMID: 38565954 PMCID: PMC10987635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Negative attitudes toward Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) individuals leads to a perceived inability of LGB individuals to foster 'appropriate' family relationships, inciting negative attitudes specifically toward same-sex parenting. Intergroup and interpersonal relationships play a critical role in fostering attitudes toward others wherein type of contact, frequency, degree of closeness in the relationship, and the positivity/negativity of interactions are potential mediator of these relations, Moreover, the mechanism behind co-constructing positive relationships with sexual and gender minorities is comfort with contact with LGB individuals. The present study explored the effects of interpersonal contact and the mediator role of comfort with LGB people in explaining attitudes toward same-sex parenting in Spanish-speaking countries in North, Central, and South America. These countries are of particular interest given the dearth of research in the region on attitudes toward same-sex parenting as well as the varying degrees of acceptance of and protections for same-sex parented families. A non-probabilistic sample of 1955 heterosexual cisgender participants from 14 countries was asked to complete a series of sociodemographic questions, a questionnaire about their interpersonal contact/comfort experiences with LGB people, and the Attitudes Toward Gay and Lesbian Parenting Scale. Results showed that comfort was vital in fostering accepting attitudes toward Same-Sex Parenting across countries. Findings also suggested that comfort with LGB people has a particularly powerful influence in regions with less legal and cultural acceptance of LGB individuals. Policies are not enough to instill widespread change: we must encourage, facilitate, and supervise the formation of relationships with LGB people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Salinas-Quiroz
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, USA.
| | - Julian H Balkcom
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, USA
| | | | - Adriana Olaya-Torres
- Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, University of Ibagué, Ibagué, Colombia
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Salinas-Quiroz F, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Cambón V, Silva P, Costa PA, Martínez A. Parental secure base support and child secure base use in mexican same-sex families. INTERPERSONA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022. [DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.6457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine whether the well-documented link between heterosexual parents’ secure base support (i.e., sensitivity) and child secure base behavior (i.e., security) was present among Mexican same-sex families with 1-to 6-year-old-children. The sample included 22 child-caregiver dyads from four lesbian and four gay families. Four trained independent observers used the q-sort methodology (Maternal Behavior Q-set/Mother Behavior with Preschoolers Q-set and Attachment Q-set) to describe parents’ and children’s behavior, respectively. A robust regression model by Siegel method for predicting security with sensitivity as regressor was statistically significant for the whole sample with a statistical power of .89, consistent with the existing evidence in studies with different and same-sex families. Both sensitivity and attachment security are fundamentally relational constructs, not caregiver/child’s traits; they are relationship specific, as the results of the regression analysis showed. Despite the sample size, our findings prove attachment theory as a useful theoretical framework to study caregiver-child interactions no matter parents’ sexual orientation neither the family structure.
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Xu W, Wu S, Tang W. Childhood emotional abuse, rejection sensitivity, and depression symptoms in young Chinese gay and bisexual men: Testing a moderated mediation model. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:213-220. [PMID: 35398111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high and increasing prevalence of depression symptoms among gay and bisexual individuals. Studies have found that childhood emotional abuse (CEA) can impact mental-health problems in adulthood; however, limited research on this association among marginalized populations, especially in China. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CEA and depression symptoms in adulthood among gay and bisexual youths in China and to test the mediating role of rejection sensitivity and the moderating role of sexual identity in this relationship. METHODS Participants comprised 496 gay and bisexual Chinese men aged 18-29 years. They responded to a questionnaire that assessed history of CEA, rejection sensitivity, and depression symptoms. RESULTS CEA showed a positive association with depression symptoms among participants. Participants' rejection sensitivity played a partial mediating role in the relationship between CEA and depression symptoms. Sexual identity had a moderating effect on the CEA's influence on depression symptoms, with a stronger impact for gay men than bisexual men. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional approach limited casual inferences among variables. Recall bias regarding CEA may have impacted the accuracy of the effect sizes observed. CONCLUSION This study contributes to improving understanding of CEA's role as a substantial risk factor for strong depression symptoms in adulthood among gay and bisexual youths and it demonstrates that focusing on educating families and establishing equal policies is important to decrease and eliminate depression symptoms. Theories of sexual minority stress and biphobia are applicable for explaining mental health outcomes among young members of sexual minorities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Xu
- Department of Sociology & Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Psychology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Sanfeng Wu
- Department of Sociology & Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Psychology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Fourment K, Espinoza C, Ribeiro ACL, Mesman J. Latin American Attachment studies: A narrative review. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:653-676. [PMID: 35661377 PMCID: PMC9546405 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Attachment theory´s core hypotheses (universality, normativity, sensitivity, and competence) are assumed to be applicable worldwide. However, the majority of studies on attachment theory have been conducted in Western countries, and the extent to which these core hypotheses are supported by research conducted in Latin America has never been systematically addressed. The purpose of this systematic narrative literature review is to provide an integrative discussion of the current body of empirical studies concerning attachment theory conducted in Latin American countries. For that purpose, a search was conducted in four electronic databases (Web of Science, PsycInfo, SciELO, and Redalyc) and 82 publications on attachment and/or sensitivity met inclusion criteria. None of the studies reported cases in which an attachment relationship was absent, and a predominance of secure attachment patterns was found, mainly for non-risk samples (NRS). Sensitivity levels were generally deemed adequate in NRS, and related to attachment quality. Attachment security and caregivers' sensitivity were positively associated with child outcomes. Attachment-based intervention studies mostly showed efficacy. In conclusion, Latin American research supports the key theoretical assumptions of attachment theory, mainly in samples of urban middle-class NRS. However, the field of attachment-related research would be enriched by also investing in Latin American studies on caregiving rooted in local concepts and theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Fourment
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Camila Espinoza
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Carla Lima Ribeiro
- Graduate School of Social Psychology, University, of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Judi Mesman
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Patterson CJ. Parental sexual orientation, parental gender identity, and the development of children. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:71-102. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Causadias JM, Morris KS, Cárcamo RA, Neville HA, Nóblega M, Salinas-Quiroz F, Silva JR. Attachment research and anti-racism: learning from Black and Brown scholars. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:366-372. [PMID: 34503392 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary evidence suggests that people and scholars of African and/or Latin American and Caribbean origin are often under-represented in mainstream attachment scholarship. In this commentary, we highlight the difficulty of conducting attachment theory research outside of the United States, particularly in Latin American countries. We reflect on the contributions by the authors of this special issue . We also identify (a) ways in which to center the experiences of Black and Brown people and scholars to push the field toward antiracism, and (b) the challenges of attachment theory and research in becoming anti-racist by considering the structural nature of racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Causadias
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kamryn S Morris
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Cárcamo
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Helen A Neville
- Departments of Educational Psychology and African American Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Magaly Nóblega
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Salinas-Quiroz
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jaime R Silva
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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Significados de madres y padres mexicanos del mismo género en torno a la crianza. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudio muestra los significados expresados por tres parejas del mismo sexo (cuatro mujeres y dos hombres) sobre la crianza de sus hijas e hijos, quienes tenían entre uno y tres años de edad. Desde un enfoque hermenéutico-interpretativo, analizamos entrevistas narrativas, resultando en las siguientes categorías: Importancia de verbalizar y explicar; Reglas, límites y consecuencias; Enseñanza y aprendizaje de valores y habilidades sociales; Mantener una relación cercana; Rasgos/atributos personales valorados (en las y los niños). Encontramos diversas funciones asumidas en su labor como educadores, que se vincularon de forma dinámica con lo que esperaban y valoraban en cuanto a aprendizaje y desarrollo. Fue importante para ellos/as complacer, dar gusto y satisfacer las necesidades de sus niñas y niños, sin que esto significara descuidar una alimentación saludable, establecer y mantener reglas y rutinas, así como enseñar habilidades acordes a su edad. Un significado compartido giró en torno al lenguaje y comunicación, pues para los adultos era importante explicar: desde rutinas, hasta verbalizar sentimientos, o hacer explícito su tipo de familia (tener dos padres o dos madres); siempre considerando lo que puede comprenderse a esa edad. También fue importante para los adultos que sus hijos e hijas fueran alegres y sintieran su amor, manteniendo una relación cercana: cálida, lúdica y afectuosa. Concluimos que estos padres gais y madres lesbianas significaron a la crianza como una tarea amorosa, ardua, permanente y dirigida a formar sujetos con derechos, con quienes se podía negociar y llegar a acuerdos, aun siendo niños y niñas.
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