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Wang S, Sun Z, Martinez-Tejada LA, Yoshimura N. Comparison of autism spectrum disorder subtypes based on functional and structural factors. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1440222. [PMID: 39429701 PMCID: PMC11486766 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1440222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a series of neurodevelopmental disorders that may affect a patient's social, behavioral, and communication abilities. As a typical mental illness, ASD is not a single disorder. ASD is often divided into subtypes, such as autism, Asperger's, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Studying the differences among brain networks of the subtypes has great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of ASD. To date, many studies have analyzed the brain activity of ASD as a single mental disorder, whereas few have focused on its subtypes. To address this problem, we explored whether indices derived from functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data exhibited significant dissimilarities between subtypes. Utilizing a brain pattern feature extraction method from fMRI based on tensor decomposition, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and its fractional values of fMRI, and gray matter volume derived from MRI, impairments of function in the subcortical network and default mode network of autism were found to lead to major differences from the other two subtypes. Our results provide a systematic comparison of the three common ASD subtypes, which may provide evidence for the discrimination between ASD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zhe Sun
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Natsue Yoshimura
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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2
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Murillo C, López-Sola M, Cagnie B, Suñol M, Smeets RJEM, Coppieters I, Cnockaert E, Meeus M, Timmers I. Gray Matter Adaptations to Chronic Pain in People with Whiplash-Associated Disorders are Partially Reversed After Treatment: A Voxel-based Morphometry Study. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104471. [PMID: 38232862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Gray matter (GM) changes are often observed in people with chronic spinal pain, including those with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (CWAD). These GM adaptations may be reversed with treatment, at least partially. Pain neuroscience education combined with exercise (PNE+Exercise) is an effective treatment, but its neural underlying mechanisms still remain unexplored in CWAD. Here, we performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal voxel-based morphometry to 1) identify potential GM alterations in people with CWAD (n = 63) compared to age- and sex-matched pain-free controls (n = 32), and 2) determine whether these GM alterations might be reversed following PNE+Exercise (compared to conventional physiotherapy). The cross-sectional whole-brain analysis revealed that individuals with CWAD had less GM volume in the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior temporal gyrus which was, in turn, associated with higher pain vigilance. Fifty individuals with CWAD and 29 pain-free controls were retained in the longitudinal analysis. GM in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increased after treatment in people with CWAD. Moreover, the longitudinal whole-brain analysis revealed that individuals with CWAD had decreases in GM volumes of the left and right central operculum and supramarginal after treatment. These changes were not specific to treatment modality and some were not observed in pain-free controls over time. Herewith, we provide the first evidence on how GM adaptations to CWAD respond to treatment. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents which gray matter adaptations are present in people with chronic pain after whiplash injuries. Then, we examine the treatment effect on these alterations as well as whether other neuroplastic effects on GM following treatment occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Murillo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Marina López-Sola
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Cagnie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - María Suñol
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rob J E M Smeets
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Coppieters
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Department of chronic diseases and metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Elise Cnockaert
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium; MOVANT research group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Inge Timmers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
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3
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Park B, Kim Y, Park J, Choi H, Kim SE, Ryu H, Seo K. Integrating Biomarkers From Virtual Reality and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment Using a Multimodal Learning Approach: Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e54538. [PMID: 38631021 PMCID: PMC11063880 DOI: 10.2196/54538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer disease, is crucial for preventing the progression of dementia. Virtual reality (VR) biomarkers have proven to be effective in capturing behaviors associated with subtle deficits in instrumental activities of daily living, such as challenges in using a food-ordering kiosk, for early detection of MCI. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers have demonstrated their efficacy in quantifying observable structural brain changes that can aid in early MCI detection. Nevertheless, the relationship between VR-derived and MRI biomarkers remains an open question. In this context, we explored the integration of VR-derived and MRI biomarkers to enhance early MCI detection through a multimodal learning approach. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of VR-derived and MRI biomarkers in the classification of MCI while also examining the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Furthermore, we focused on improving early MCI detection by leveraging multimodal learning to integrate VR-derived and MRI biomarkers. METHODS The study encompassed a total of 54 participants, comprising 22 (41%) healthy controls and 32 (59%) patients with MCI. Participants completed a virtual kiosk test to collect 4 VR-derived biomarkers (hand movement speed, scanpath length, time to completion, and the number of errors), and T1-weighted MRI scans were performed to collect 22 MRI biomarkers from both hemispheres. Analyses of covariance were used to compare these biomarkers between healthy controls and patients with MCI, with age considered as a covariate. Subsequently, the biomarkers that exhibited significant differences between the 2 groups were used to train and validate a multimodal learning model aimed at early screening for patients with MCI among healthy controls. RESULTS The support vector machine (SVM) using only VR-derived biomarkers achieved a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 90%, whereas the MRI biomarkers showed a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 71.4%. Moreover, a correlation analysis revealed a significant association between MRI-observed brain atrophy and impaired performance in instrumental activities of daily living in the VR environment. Notably, the integration of both VR-derived and MRI biomarkers into a multimodal SVM model yielded superior results compared to unimodal SVM models, achieving higher accuracy (94.4%), sensitivity (100%), specificity (90.9%), precision (87.5%), and F1-score (93.3%). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that VR-derived biomarkers, characterized by their high specificity, can be valuable as a robust, early screening tool for MCI in a broader older adult population. On the other hand, MRI biomarkers, known for their high sensitivity, excel at confirming the presence of MCI. Moreover, the multimodal learning approach introduced in our study provides valuable insights into the improvement of early MCI detection by integrating a diverse set of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogyeom Park
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuwon Kim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Ryu
- Graduate School of Technology and Innovation Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Seo
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Haaf R, Brandi ML, Albantakis L, Lahnakoski JM, Henco L, Schilbach L. Peripheral oxytocin levels are linked to hypothalamic gray matter volume in autistic adults: a cross-sectional secondary data analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1380. [PMID: 38228703 PMCID: PMC10791615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is known to modulate social behavior and cognition and has been discussed as pathophysiological and therapeutic factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An accumulating body of evidence indicates the hypothalamus to be of particular importance with regard to the underlying neurobiology. Here we used a region of interest voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach to investigate hypothalamic gray matter volume (GMV) in autistic (n = 29, age 36.03 ± 11.0) and non-autistic adults (n = 27, age 30.96 ± 11.2). Peripheral plasma OXT levels and the autism spectrum quotient (AQ) were used for correlation analyses. Results showed no differences in hypothalamic GMV in autistic compared to non-autistic adults but suggested a differential association between hypothalamic GMV and OXT levels, such that a positive association was found for the ASD group. In addition, hypothalamic GMV showed a positive association with autistic traits in the ASD group. Bearing in mind the limitations such as a relatively small sample size, a wide age range and a high rate of psychopharmacological treatment in the ASD sample, these results provide new preliminary evidence for a potentially important role of the HTH in ASD and its relationship to the OXT system, but also point towards the importance of interindividual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Haaf
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marie-Luise Brandi
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Albantakis
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Outpatient and Day Clinic for Disorders of Social Interaction, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Henco
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Outpatient and Day Clinic for Disorders of Social Interaction, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Munich, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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5
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Soylu F, May K, Kana R. White and gray matter correlates of theory of mind in autism: a voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1671-1689. [PMID: 37452864 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in theory of mind (ToM) and social communication. Studying structural and functional correlates of ToM in the brain and how autistic and nonautistic groups differ in terms of these correlates can help with diagnosis and understanding the biological mechanisms of ASD. In this study, we investigated white matter volume (WMV) and gray matter volume (GMV) differences between matching autistic and nonautistic samples, and how these structural features relate to age and ToM skills, indexed by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RMIE) measure. The results showed widespread GMV and WMV differences between the two groups in regions crucial for social processes. The autistic group did not express the typically observed negative GMV and positive WMV correlations with age at the same level as the nonautistic group, pointing to abnormalities in developmental structural changes. In addition, we found differences between the two groups in how GMV relates to ToM, particularly in the left frontal regions, and how WMV relates to ToM, mostly in the cingulate and corpus callosum. Finally, GMV in the left insula, a region that is part of the salience network, was found to be crucial in distinguishing ToM performance between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firat Soylu
- Educational Psychology Program, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn May
- Educational Psychology Program, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Rajesh Kana
- Department of Psychology, & the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
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6
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Xu MX, Ju XD. Abnormal Brain Structure Is Associated with Social and Communication Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050779. [PMID: 37239251 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies have shown abnormalities in the brain structure of ASD patients, but the relationship between structural changes and social communication problems is still unclear. This study aims to explore the structural mechanisms of clinical dysfunction in the brain of ASD children through voxel-based morphometry (VBM). After screening T1 structural images from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database, 98 children aged 8-12 years old with ASD were matched with 105 children aged 8-12 years old with typical development (TD). Firstly, this study compared the differences in gray matter volume (GMV) between the two groups. Then, this study evaluated the relationship between GMV and the subtotal score of communications and social interaction on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in ASD children. Research has found that abnormal brain structures in ASD include the midbrain, pontine, bilateral hippocampus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left temporal pole, left middle temporal gyrus and left superior occipital gyrus. In addition, in ASD children, the subtotal score of communications and social interaction on the ADOS were only significantly positively correlated with GMV in the left hippocampus, left superior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. In summary, the gray matter structure of ASD children is abnormal, and different clinical dysfunction in ASD children is related to structural abnormalities in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiang Xu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xing-Da Ju
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Development, Changchun 130024, China
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7
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Onishi H, Nagasaka K, Yokota H, Kojima S, Ohno K, Sakurai N, Kodama N, Sato D, Otsuru N. Association between somatosensory sensitivity and regional gray matter volume in healthy young volunteers: a voxel-based morphometry study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2001-2010. [PMID: 35580840 PMCID: PMC9977372 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-point discrimination (2PD) test reflects somatosensory spatial discrimination ability, but evidence on the relationship between 2PD and cortical gray matter (GM) volume is limited. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between cortical GM volume and 2PD threshold in young healthy individuals and to clarify the characteristics of brain structure reflecting the individual differences in somatosensory function. 2PD was measured in 42 healthy (20 females) volunteers aged 20-32 years using a custom-made test system that can be controlled by a personal computer. The 2PD of the right index finger measured with this device has been confirmed to show good reproducibility. T1-weighted images were acquired using a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner for voxel-based morphometry analysis. The mean 2PD threshold was 2.58 ± 0.54 mm. Whole-brain multiple regression analysis of the relationship between 2PD and GM volume showed that a lower 2PD threshold (i.e. better somatosensory function) significantly correlated with decreased GM volume from the middle temporal gyrus to the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in the contralateral hemisphere. In conclusion, a lower GM volume in the middle temporal gyrus and IPL correlates with better somatosensory function. Thus, cortical GM volume may be a biomarker of somatosensory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagasaka
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hirotake Yokota
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Sho Kojima
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Ken Ohno
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Radiological Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Noriko Sakurai
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Radiological Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Naoki Kodama
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Radiological Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Naofumi Otsuru
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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Jin Y, Fan X, Xu X, Pan N, Jing J, Song X, Tan S, Guo X, Li X. The Differences in Structure and Function of the Cerebellum Between Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals and Mandarin Monolinguals: a Multi-model MRI Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022:10.1007/s12311-022-01433-0. [PMID: 35718855 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the long-term bilingual experience on structure and function of the cerebellum remain unclear. To explore whether there are differences in cerebellar gray matter structure between Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and Mandarin monolinguals and whether these different cerebellar structures have different resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the cerebrum between the two groups, 30 Cantonese-Mandarin bilingual and 30 Mandarin monolingual college students were scanned by the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI. Voxel-based morphology (VBM) analysis and RSFC analysis were used to analyze the cerebellar gray matter volume (GMV) and cerebellar-cerebro functional connectivity, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed between GMV/RSFC and the rapid automatized naming (RAN) and cognitive control. Compared to Mandarin monolinguals, Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals showed larger GMV in bilateral cerebellar inferior posterior lobe (including bilateral VIIIa, VIIIb,IX, and right X, Vermis VIIIb, and Vermis IX) and a significant increase in RSFC coupling of the right inferior cerebellar posterior lobe with orbital part of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). In addition, there was a positive correlation between average response time (RT) of Mandarin alphanumeric RAN and RSFC between the right inferior posterior lobe of cerebellum and left IFG of all participants. The long-term Cantonese-Mandarin bilingual experience can increase the GMV of the bilateral cerebellar inferior posterior lobe and the RSFC between the right inferior cerebellar posterior lobe with orbital part of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Si Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xuning Guo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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9
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Suñol M, Payne MF, Tong H, Maloney TC, Ting TV, Kashikar-Zuck S, Coghill RC, López-Solà M. Brain Structural Changes during Juvenile Fibromyalgia: Relationships with Pain, Fatigue and Functional Disability. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1284-1294. [PMID: 35076177 PMCID: PMC9247027 DOI: 10.1002/art.42073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Juvenile fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent chronic pain condition affecting children and adolescents worldwide during a critical period of brain development. To date, no published studies have addressed the pathophysiology of juvenile FM. This study was undertaken to characterize gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in juvenile FM patients for the first time, and to investigate their functional and clinical relevance. Methods Thirty‐four female adolescents with juvenile FM and 38 healthy adolescents underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging examination and completed questionnaires assessing core juvenile FM symptoms. Using voxel‐based morphometry, we assessed between‐group GMV differences and associations between GMV and functional disability, fatigue, and pain interference in juvenile FM. We also studied whether validated brain patterns predicting pain, cognitive control, or negative emotion were amplified/attenuated in juvenile FM patients and whether structural alterations reported in adult FM were replicated in adolescents with juvenile FM. Results Compared to controls, juvenile FM patients showed GMV reductions in the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) region (family‐wise error corrected P [PFWE‐corr] = 0.04; estimated with threshold‐free cluster enhancement [TFCE]; n = 72) associated with pain. Within the juvenile FM group, patients reporting higher functional disability had larger GMV in inferior frontal regions (PFWE‐corr = 0.006; TFCE estimated; n = 34) linked to affective, self‐referential, and language‐related processes. Last, GMV reductions in juvenile FM showed partial overlap with findings in adult FM, specifically for the anterior/posterior cingulate cortices (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively; n = 72). Conclusion Pain‐related aMCC reductions may be a structural hallmark of juvenile FM, whereas alterations in regions involved in emotional, self‐referential, and language‐related processes may predict disease impact on patients’ well‐being. The partial overlap between juvenile and adult FM findings strengthens the importance of early symptom identification and intervention to prevent the transition to adult forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suñol
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael F Payne
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Han Tong
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas C Maloney
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tracy V Ting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susmita Kashikar-Zuck
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert C Coghill
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marina López-Solà
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Internal reliability, homogeneity, and factor structure of the ten-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10) with two additional response categories. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The ten-item short form of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10) has been used to efficiently assess autistic traits in the general population; however, the psychometric properties of the AQ-10 in terms of its internal reliability and its unifactorial structure have recently been questioned. In the present study (N = 797), whether the internal reliability is increased when the AQ-10 is applied with six rather than the conventional four response categories has been investigated. Moreover, correlational and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the reason for potential inhomogeneity within the AQ-10. The results suggest that the internal reliability of the AQ-10 was slightly increased but is still unsatisfactory, likely due to the incompatibility of items from two subdimensions: attention to detail and imagination. With six of the AQ-10 items, crucial aspects of the autistic personality may be measured, but other important aspects would be neglected; thus, the measure requires further psychometric development.
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