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Ding S, Abdel-Aty M, Barbour N, Wang D, Wang Z, Zheng O. Exploratory analysis of injury severity under different levels of driving automation (SAE Levels 2 and 4) using multi-source data. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 206:107692. [PMID: 39033584 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Vehicles equipped with automated driving capabilities have shown potential to improve safety and operations. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving systems (ADS) have been widely developed to support vehicular automation. Although the studies on the injury severity outcomes that involve automated vehicles are ongoing, there is limited research investigating the difference between injury severity outcomes for the ADAS and ADS equipped vehicles. To ensure a comprehensive analysis, a multi-source dataset that includes 1,001 ADAS crashes (SAE Level 2 vehicles) and 548 ADS crashes (SAE Level 4 vehicles) is used. Two random parameters multinomial logit models with heterogeneity in the means of random parameters are considered to gain a better understanding of the variables impacting the crash injury severity outcomes for the ADAS (SAE Level 2) and ADS (SAE Level 4) vehicles. It was found that while 67 percent of crashes involving the ADAS equipped vehicles in the dataset took place on a highway, 94 percent of crashes involving ADS took place in more urban settings. The model estimation results also reveal that the weather indicator, driver type indicator, differences in the system sophistication that are captured by both manufacture year and high/low mileage as well as rear and front contact indicators all play a role in the crash injury severity outcomes. The results offer an exploratory assessment of safety performance of the ADAS and ADS equipped vehicles using the real-world data and can be used by the manufacturers and other stakeholders to dictate the direction of their deployment and usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxuan Ding
- Smart and Safe Transportation Lab (SST), Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aty
- Smart and Safe Transportation Lab (SST), Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Natalia Barbour
- Smart and Safe Transportation Lab (SST), Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Smart and Safe Transportation Lab (SST), Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Zijin Wang
- Smart and Safe Transportation Lab (SST), Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Ou Zheng
- Smart and Safe Transportation Lab (SST), Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Wang Y, Lyu N, Wu C, Du Z, Deng M, Wu H. Investigating the impact of HMI on drivers' merging performance in intelligent connected vehicle environment. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 198:107448. [PMID: 38340472 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Intelligent Connected Vehicle (ICV) is considered one of the most promising active safety technologies to address current transportation challenges. Human-Machine Interface (HMI) plays a vital role in enhancing user driving experience with ICV technology. However, in an ICV environment, drivers may exhibit excessive reliance on HMI, resulting in diminished proactive observation and analysis of the road environment, and subsequently leading to a potential decrease in drivers' situational awareness. This reduced situational awareness may consequently lead to a decline in their overall engagement in driving tasks. Therefore, to comprehensively investigate the impact of HMI on driver performance in various ICV environments, this study incorporates three distinct HMI systems: Control group, Warning group, and Guidance group. The Control group provides basic information, the Warning group adds front vehicle icon and real-time headway information, while the Guidance group further includes speed and voice guidance features. Additionally, the study considers three types of mainline vehicle gaps, namely, 30 m, 20 m, and 15 m. Through our self-developed ICV testing platform, we conducted driving simulation experiments on 43 participants in a freeway interchange merging area. The findings reveal that, drivers in the Guidance group exhibited explicit acceleration while driving on the ramp. Drivers in the Guidance and Warning groups demonstrated smoother speed change trends and lower mean longitudinal acceleration upon entering the acceleration lane compared to the Control group, indicating a preference for more cautious driving strategies. During the pre-merging section, drivers in the Warning group demonstrated a more cautious and smooth longitudinal acceleration. The Guidance group's HMI system assisted drivers in better speed control during the post-merging section. Differences in mainline vehicle gaps did not significantly impact the merging positions of participants across the three HMI groups. Drivers in the Guidance group merged closest to the left side of the taper section, while the Control group merged farthest. The research findings offer valuable insights for developing dynamic human-machine interfaces tailored to specific driving scenarios in the environment of ICVs. Future research should investigate the effects of various HMIs on driver safety, workload, energy efficiency, and overall driving experience. Conducting real-world tests will further validate the findings obtained from driving simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Wang
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Nengchao Lyu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China.
| | - Chaozhong Wu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Zijun Du
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Min Deng
- Wuhan Zhongjiao Traffic Engineering CO.,Ltd, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- College of Automotive Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei, China
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Xu W, Feng L, Ma J. Understanding the domain of driving distraction with knowledge graphs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278822. [PMID: 36490240 PMCID: PMC9733871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to provide insight into the driving distraction domain systematically on the basis of scientific knowledge graphs. For this purpose, 3,790 documents were taken into consideration after retrieving from Web of Science Core Collection and screening, and two types of knowledge graphs were constructed to demonstrate bibliometric information and domain-specific research content respectively. In terms of bibliometric analysis, the evolution of publication and citation numbers reveals the accelerated development of this domain, and trends of multidisciplinary and global participation could be identified according to knowledge graphs from Vosviewer. In terms of research content analysis, a new framework consisting of five dimensions was clarified, including "objective factors", "human factors", "research methods", "data" and "data science". The main entities of this domain were identified and relations between entities were extracted using Natural Language Processing methods with Python 3.9. In addition to the knowledge graph composed of all the keywords and relationships, entities and relations under each dimension were visualized, and relations between relevant dimensions were demonstrated in the form of heat maps. Furthermore, the trend and significance of driving distraction research were discussed, and special attention was given to future directions of this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Xu
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhao X, Chen H, Li H, Li X, Chang X, Feng X, Chen Y. Development and application of connected vehicle technology test platform based on driving simulator: Case study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 161:106330. [PMID: 34419652 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To ensure safety, it is necessary to test the connected vehicle (CV) technology before application. The goal of this study is to provide a case reference for the testing of the connected vehicle technology. The connected vehicle technology test platform is built based on the driving simulator. Taking fog zone, tunnel zone, and work zone as analysis cases, drivers were invited to participate in driving simulation experiments, related data was collected, and the impact of connected vehicle technology on driving behavior and safety was analyzed. The results of the fog zone imply that drivers have a high degree of compliance with the connected vehicle technology. However, it also increases the visual workload of drivers to a certain extent. The results of the tunnel zone indicate that the connected vehicle technology can enhance driving safety by enabling drivers to remain cautious. The results of the work zone demonstrate that the connected vehicle technology is able to promote drivers' ability of controlling speed and lane-changing. Overall, the results show that the connected vehicle technology has a positive effect on enhancing driving behavior and safety. The research framework and the development of the connected vehicle technology test platform based on the driving simulator given in the paper are dynamic and reproducible, which provides a reference for researchers in related fields, and the case analysis in this paper enriches the research of connected vehicle technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Haijian Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Xuewei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xin Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Feng
- College of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Urban Transport Operation Guarantee, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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