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Deriu V, Altavilla D, Adornetti I, Chiera A, Ferretti F. Narrative identity in addictive disorders: a conceptual review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1409217. [PMID: 38952822 PMCID: PMC11215194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1409217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Narrative identity allows individuals to integrate their personal experiences into a coherent and meaningful life story. Addictive disorders appear to be associated with a disturbed sense of self, reflected in problematic and disorganized self-narratives. In recent literature, a growing body of research has highlighted how narrative approaches can make a dual contribution to the understanding of addiction: on the one hand, by revealing crucial aspects of self structure, and, on the other, by supporting the idea that addiction is a disorder related to unintegrated self-states in which dissociative phenomena and the resulting sense of 'loss of self' are maladaptive strategies for coping with distress. This conceptual review identified the main measures of narrative identity, i.e., narrative coherence and complexity, agency, and emotions, and critically examines 9 quantitative and qualitative studies (out of 18 identified in literature), that have investigated the narrative dimension in people with an addictive disorder in order to provide a synthesis of the relationship between self, narrative and addiction. These studies revealed a difficulty in the organization of narrative identity of people with an addictive disorder, which is reflected in less coherent and less complex autobiographical narratives, in a prevalence of passivity and negative emotions, and in a widespread presence of themes related to a lack of self-efficacy. This review points out important conceptual, methodological and clinical implications encouraging further investigation of narrative dimension in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Altavilla
- Cosmic Lab, Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
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Sticca F, Gasser-Haas O, Wustmann Seiler C. The interplay among familial risk, narrative coherence, and emotional problems from early to middle childhood. Front Psychol 2023; 14:969974. [PMID: 36874803 PMCID: PMC9976610 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.969974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is a longitudinal extension (long-term follow-up) of a previous study examining the promotive and protective role of children's narrative coherence in the association between early familial risk factors and children's emotional problems from early to middle childhood. A total of 293 (T1; M age = 2.81), 239 (T2; M age = 3.76), and 189 (long-term follow-up T3; M age = 9.69) children from 25 childcare centers participated in this study. Familial risk factors were assessed at T1 using a caregiver interview and questionnaire. Narrative coherence was assessed using the MacArthur Story Stem Battery that was administered to the children at T2. Children's emotional problems were rated by the caregivers and by their teachers at T2 and T3. Results suggest that familial risk factors are linked to more emotional problems both in the short-term (T2) and the long-term (T3). Further, although some of the effects of relevant magnitude did not reach statistical significance, results pertaining to the role of narrative coherence indicate that it might have a promotive and protective effect in the short-term as well as a promotive effect in the long-term. These findings point to the relevance of children's narrative coherence as a cognitive ability and personality factor that contributes to more positive development and to better coping with adverse familial experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sticca
- Research Department, Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Educational Support for Behaviour, Social-Emotional, and Psychomotor Development, University of Teacher Education in Special Needs, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Gasser-Haas
- Research Department, Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Educational Support for Behaviour, Social-Emotional, and Psychomotor Development, University of Teacher Education in Special Needs, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corina Wustmann Seiler
- Research Department, Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Pre-Primary and Lower Primary Level, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gamache D, Leclerc P, Payant M, Mayrand K, Nolin MC, Marcoux LA, Sabourin S, Tremblay M, Savard C. Preliminary Steps Toward Extracting the Specific Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Diagnoses From Criteria A and B Self-Reports. J Pers Disord 2022; 36:476-488. [PMID: 34985324 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2012_35_541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) retains six specific personality disorders (PDs) that can be diagnosed based on Criterion A level of impairment and Criterion B maladaptive facets. Those specific diagnoses are still underresearched, despite the preference expressed by most PD scholars for a mixed/hybrid classification. This study explores the possibility of using Criterion A and B self-report questionnaires to extract the specific AMPD diagnoses. Plausible prevalence estimates were found in three samples (outpatient PD, private practice, community; N = 766) using the facet score ≥ 2 and t score > 65 methods for determining the presence of a Criterion B facet; diagnoses had meaningful correlations with external variables. This study provides evidence-albeit preliminary-that the extraction of the specific AMPD PDs from self-report questionnaires might be a viable avenue. Ultimately, it could promote the use and dissemination of those diagnoses for screening purposes in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick Gamache
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Leclerc
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maude Payant
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal
| | | | - Marie-Chloé Nolin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Stéphane Sabourin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City.,Clinique de Psychologie du Couple, Quebec City
| | | | - Claudia Savard
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Université Laval, Quebec City
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Lind M, Sharp C, Dunlop WL, Mayrand K, Nolin MC, Marcoux LA, Sabourin S, Tremblay M, Savard C. Why, How, and When to Integrate Narrative Identity Within Dimensional Approaches to Personality Disorders. J Pers Disord 2022; 36:377-398. [PMID: 34985340 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2012_35_540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Researchers and clinicians are beginning to adopt dimensional approaches in the study and treatment of personality disorders (PD). Although dimensional approaches in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 hold considerable benefit, they need to better incorporate an appreciation of individuals' life stories, or narrative identities. Doing so will be necessary to flesh out the emphasis that both frameworks place on the role of identity in personality pathology. In this article, the authors review why, how, and when narrative identity theory and research can be integrated within dimensional approaches to PD. The authors describe established ways to assess narrative identity, review extant research on this construct in relation to PD, and signal areas crucial for future research. Stories lie at the heart of what it means to be human. The authors conclude that a greater consideration of the ways in which the self is storied can help further understanding and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majse Lind
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - William L Dunlop
- University of California, Riverside.,Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Marie-Chloé Nolin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Stéphane Sabourin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City.,Clinique de Psychologie du Couple, Quebec City
| | | | - Claudia Savard
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Degouis F, Saloppé X, Gandolphe MC, Nandrino JL, Pham TH. Importance de la mémoire autobiographique chez les patients antisociaux. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vanaken L, Boddez Y, Bijttebier P, Hermans D. Reasons to remember: A functionalist view on the relation between memory and psychopathology. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 41:88-95. [PMID: 34022768 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Memory is under investigation as one of the core mechanisms of psychopathology. The traditional cognitive view of memory as a stable structure with a range of set characteristics can be complemented with a perspective that considers remembering as a behaviour that varies fluidly across contexts. Remembering may serve adaptation to the environment by fulfilling a directive function, a self-function and a social function. A failure to fulfil these functions may be a risk factor for psychopathology. Implications of the discussed functionalist perspective include the importance of reinforcing adaptive ways of remembering during early development, the possibility of treating maladaptive ways of remembering through contextual interventions and the added ecological validity of using ambulatory assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauranne Vanaken
- Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Boddez
- Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Bijttebier
- School Psychology and Development in Context, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hermans
- Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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