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Shubin L, Anne B, Christine K, Barry S, Katie W, Harry S, Beth L, Thomas H. A novel olfactory sorting task. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08811-w. [PMID: 39001921 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a simple self-administered screening tool for odor memory, which allowed users to self-test their olfactory function repeatedly even at home. METHODS One hundred and ten participants were recruited (30 men, age = 50.1 ± 9.9 years; 80 women, age = 47.1 ± 11.5 years); half of them were heathy volunteers, the other half were patients with olfactory dysfunction. Fifty-one healthy participants volunteered for a retest within an interval of a maximum of 14 days. Olfactory function was assessed using the extended Sniffin' Sticks test (SST) comprising tests for odor threshold, identification, and discrimination. All participants received the Novel Olfactory Sorting Task (NOST) which is based on the sorting of 12 matching pairs of odors involving olfactory and cognitive functions. After that, all participants rated questions related to their test performance and the practicability of the test. RESULTS Consistent with the previous literature, significant effects of age were found. Results showed an acceptable test-retest reliability and a satisfactory validity of the NOST. The NOST score not only had positive correlations with SST, but also was capable of differentiating severe hyposmia/anosmia from normosmia by the score of 5.5 (sensitivity of 76.2%, specificity of 77.6%). CONCLUSION The present study showed the good reliability, validity, and possible clinical usefulness of the NOST. As a self-performed screening test, it can be comprehended and conducted easily, which may provide a quick and simple approach to obtaining a global estimation of olfactory and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shubin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Becker Anne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kelly Christine
- AbScent, 14 London Street, Andover, Hampshire, UK
- Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Smith Barry
- Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Whitcroft Katie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sherwood Harry
- AbScent, 14 London Street, Andover, Hampshire, UK
- Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Longley Beth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, UK
| | - Hummel Thomas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
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You D, Hasley Bin Ramli S, Ibrahim R, Hibatullah Bin Romli M, Li Z, Chu Q, Yu X. A thematic review on therapeutic toys and games for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38299880 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2299713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common and devastating neurological ailment that affects millions of the elderly worldwide. Therapeutic toys and games have emerged as potential non-pharmacological interventions for AD. However, despite a growing number of documents on the subject, research on the future direction of therapeutic toys and games for AD remains scarce. To address this gap, this study aims to (1) map the future trends of therapeutic toys and games for AD and (2) identify the categories and design characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a thematic review framework, a systematic literature search was conducted in two electronic databases (Scopus and WoS) using established criteria. Thematic analysis was done using ATLAS.ti 23 to identify prominent themes, patterns and trends. RESULTS A total of 180 documents were found. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. A thematic review of these 25 articles identified 13 initial codes, which were been clustered into four themes: detection and evaluation; intervention; toy/game category; and design characteristics. The word "Cognitive" appears most frequently in documents according to word cloud. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic toys and games are used to detect and as an intervention for AD. Most of the current studies focused on specific cognitive functions. More research is needed about play therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms. This thematic review also proposed a conceptual framework for designing toys and games tailored to the needs of the elderly with AD, offering valuable insights to future researchers focusing on this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggui You
- Industrial Design Department, Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Art Design & Creative Industries, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saiful Hasley Bin Ramli
- Industrial Design Department, Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Ibrahim
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hibatullah Bin Romli
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ziming Li
- Industrial Design Department, Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Qingqing Chu
- Industrial Design Department, Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Industrial Design Department, Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Cubillos C, Rienzo A. Digital Cognitive Assessment Tests for Older Adults: Systematic Literature Review. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e47487. [PMID: 38064247 PMCID: PMC10746978 DOI: 10.2196/47487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global health pandemic has affected the increasing older adult population, especially those with mental illnesses. It is necessary to prevent cases of cognitive impairment in adults early on, and this requires the support of information and communication technologies for evaluating and training cognitive functions. This can be achieved through computer applications designed for cognitive assessment. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aimed to assess the state of the art of the current platforms and digital test applications for cognitive evaluation, with a focus on older adults. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on 3 databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) to retrieve recent articles on the applications of digital tests for cognitive assessment and analyze them based on the methodology used. Four research questions were considered. Through the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 20 articles were finally reviewed. RESULTS Some gaps and trends were identified regarding the types of digital applications and technologies used, the evaluated effects on cognitive domains, and the psychometric parameters and personal characteristics considered for validation. CONCLUSIONS Computerized tests (similar to paper-and-pencil tests) and test batteries (on computers, tablets, or web platforms) were the predominant types of assessments. Initial studies with simulators, virtual environments, and daily-life activity games were also conducted. Diverse validation methods and psychometric properties were observed; however, there was a lack of evaluations that involved specific populations with diverse education levels, cultures, and degrees of technology acceptance. In addition, these evaluations should consider emotional and usability aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cubillos
- Escuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Antonio Rienzo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of digital tools for remote cognitive measurement of older adults is generating increasing interest due to the numerous advantages offered for accessibility and scalability. However, these tools also pose distinctive challenges, necessitating a thorough analysis of their psychometric properties, feasibility and acceptability. RECENT FINDINGS In this narrative review, we present the recent literature on the use of web-based cognitive assessment to characterize cognition in older adults and to contribute to the diagnosis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We present and discuss three types of web-based cognitive assessments: conventional cognitive tests administered through videoconferencing; unsupervised web-based assessments conducted on a computer; and unsupervised web-based assessments performed on smartphones. SUMMARY There have been considerable progress documenting the properties, strengths and limitations of web-based cognitive assessments. For the three types of assessments reported here, the findings support their promising potential for older adults. However, certain aspects, such as the construct validity of these tools and the development of robust norms, remain less well documented. Nonetheless, the beneficial potential of these tools, and their current validation and feasibility data, justify their application [see Supplementary Digital Content (SDC), http://links.lww.com/CONR/A69 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal
| | - Annalise Aleta LaPlume
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rudy Purkart
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal
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Palermo S, Bottiroli S, Parsons LM, Wright MJ, Amanzio M. Editorial: Insights in neuropsychology 2021. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1225520. [PMID: 37448719 PMCID: PMC10338108 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Palermo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bottiroli
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lawrence M. Parsons
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Justin Wright
- Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, United States
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Stasolla F, Bernini S, Bottiroli S, Koumpouros Y, Wadhera T, Akbar K. Editorial: The integration of the technology in clinical settings among neurological populations. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1145982. [PMID: 37251074 PMCID: PMC10210143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Bernini
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Bottiroli
- Giustino Fortunato University of Benevento, Benevento, Italy
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yiannis Koumpouros
- Department of Public and Community Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Tanu Wadhera
- Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIITU) Una, Una, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Khalida Akbar
- Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Statsenko Y, Meribout S, Habuza T, Almansoori TM, Gorkom KNV, Gelovani JG, Ljubisavljevic M. Patterns of structure-function association in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease: Screening for mild cognitive impairment and dementia with ML regression and classification models. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:943566. [PMID: 36910862 PMCID: PMC9995946 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The combined analysis of imaging and functional modalities is supposed to improve diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases with advanced data science techniques. Objective To get an insight into normal and accelerated brain aging by developing the machine learning models that predict individual performance in neuropsychological and cognitive tests from brain MRI. With these models we endeavor to look for patterns of brain structure-function association (SFA) indicative of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia. Materials and methods We explored the age-related variability of cognitive and neuropsychological test scores in normal and accelerated aging and constructed regression models predicting functional performance in cognitive tests from brain radiomics data. The models were trained on the three study cohorts from ADNI dataset-cognitively normal individuals, patients with MCI or dementia-separately. We also looked for significant correlations between cortical parcellation volumes and test scores in the cohorts to investigate neuroanatomical differences in relation to cognitive status. Finally, we worked out an approach for the classification of the examinees according to the pattern of structure-function associations into the cohorts of the cognitively normal elderly and patients with MCI or dementia. Results In the healthy population, the global cognitive functioning slightly changes with age. It also remains stable across the disease course in the majority of cases. In healthy adults and patients with MCI or dementia, the trendlines of performance in digit symbol substitution test and trail making test converge at the approximated point of 100 years of age. According to the SFA pattern, we distinguish three cohorts: the cognitively normal elderly, patients with MCI, and dementia. The highest accuracy is achieved with the model trained to predict the mini-mental state examination score from voxel-based morphometry data. The application of the majority voting technique to models predicting results in cognitive tests improved the classification performance up to 91.95% true positive rate for healthy participants, 86.21%-for MCI and 80.18%-for dementia cases. Conclusion The machine learning model, when trained on the cases of this of that group, describes a disease-specific SFA pattern. The pattern serves as a "stamp" of the disease reflected by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen Statsenko
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Big Data Analytics Center (BIDAC), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Meribout
- Department of Medicine, University of Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Tetiana Habuza
- Big Data Analytics Center (BIDAC), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb M. Almansoori
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juri G. Gelovani
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Milos Ljubisavljevic
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Abu Dhabi Precision Medicine Virtual Research Institute (ADPMVRI), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Wiebe A, Kannen K, Selaskowski B, Mehren A, Thöne AK, Pramme L, Blumenthal N, Li M, Asché L, Jonas S, Bey K, Schulze M, Steffens M, Pensel MC, Guth M, Rohlfsen F, Ekhlas M, Lügering H, Fileccia H, Pakos J, Lux S, Philipsen A, Braun N. Virtual reality in the diagnostic and therapy for mental disorders: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 98:102213. [PMID: 36356351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) technologies are playing an increasingly important role in the diagnostics and treatment of mental disorders. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the current evidence regarding the use of VR in the diagnostics and treatment of mental disorders. DATA SOURCE Systematic literature searches via PubMed (last literature update: 9th of May 2022) were conducted for the following areas of psychopathology: Specific phobias, panic disorder and agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, dementia disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and addiction disorders. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA To be eligible, studies had to be published in English, to be peer-reviewed, to report original research data, to be VR-related, and to deal with one of the above-mentioned areas of psychopathology. STUDY EVALUATION For each study included, various study characteristics (including interventions and conditions, comparators, major outcomes and study designs) were retrieved and a risk of bias score was calculated based on predefined study quality criteria. RESULTS Across all areas of psychopathology, k = 9315 studies were inspected, of which k = 721 studies met the eligibility criteria. From these studies, 43.97% were considered assessment-related, 55.48% therapy-related, and 0.55% were mixed. The highest research activity was found for VR exposure therapy in anxiety disorders, PTSD and addiction disorders, where the most convincing evidence was found, as well as for cognitive trainings in dementia and social skill trainings in autism spectrum disorder. CONCLUSION While VR exposure therapy will likely find its way successively into regular patient care, there are also many other promising approaches, but most are not yet mature enough for clinical application. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO register CRD42020188436. FUNDING The review was funded by budgets from the University of Bonn. No third party funding was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wiebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kyra Kannen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Selaskowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aylin Mehren
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Thöne
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Pramme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nike Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mengtong Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Asché
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Jonas
- Institute for Digital Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Schulze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Christian Pensel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Guth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felicia Rohlfsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mogda Ekhlas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena Lügering
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena Fileccia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Pakos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silke Lux
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niclas Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Isernia S, Cabinio M, Di Tella S, Pazzi S, Vannetti F, Gerli F, Mosca IE, Lombardi G, Macchi C, Sorbi S, Baglio F. Diagnostic Validity of the Smart Aging Serious Game: An Innovative Tool for Digital Phenotyping of Mild Neurocognitive Disorder. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1789-1801. [PMID: 34459394 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Smart Aging Serious Game (SASG) is an ecologically-based digital platform used in mild neurocognitive disorders. Considering the higher risk of developing dementia for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), their digital phenotyping is crucial. A new understanding of MCI and VCI aided by digital phenotyping with SASG will challenge current differential diagnosis and open the perspective of tailoring more personalized interventions. OBJECTIVE To confirm the validity of SASG in detecting MCI from healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate its diagnostic validity in differentiating between VCI and HC. METHODS 161 subjects (74 HC: 37 males, 75.47±2.66 mean age; 60 MCI: 26 males, 74.20±5.02; 27 VCI: 13 males, 74.22±3.43) underwent a SASG session and a neuropsychological assessment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Trail Making Test). A multi-modal statistical approach was used: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves comparison, random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR) analysis. RESULTS SASG well captured the specific cognitive profiles of MCI and VCI, in line with the standard neuropsychological measures. ROC analyses revealed high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of SASG and MoCA (AUCs > 0.800) in detecting VCI versus HC and MCI versus HC conditions. An acceptable to excellent classification accuracy was found for MCI and VCI (HC versus VCI; RF: 90%, LR: 91%. HC versus MCI; RF: 75%; LR: 87%). CONCLUSION SASG allows the early assessment of cognitive impairment through ecological tasks and potentially in a self-administered way. These features make this platform suitable for being considered a useful digital phenotyping tool, allowing a non-invasive and valid neuropsychological evaluation, with evident implications for future digital-health trails and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isernia
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | - Monia Cabinio
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Tella
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Pazzi
- Consorzio di Bioingegneria e Informatica Medica (CBIM), Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Gerli
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gemma Lombardi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Macchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan-Florence, Italy.,Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA, Firenze, Italy
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Stasolla F. Virtual Reality and Wearable Technologies to Support Adaptive Responding of Children and Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Critical Comment and New Perspectives. Front Psychol 2021; 12:720626. [PMID: 34322073 PMCID: PMC8311117 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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