"Infeliz" or "Triste": A Paradigm for Mixed Methods Exploration of Outcome Measures Adaptation Across Language Variants

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) in Chile

OBJECTIVE

To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 34-item Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure questionnaire (CORE-OM).

METHOD

Psychometric exploration was conducted in two samples: non-clinical (n = 706) and clinical (n = 420) participants. The non-clinical sample comprised a subgroup of community members (n = 308) and students (n = 398). The clinical sample consisted of self-reported patients (n = 209) and outpatients (n = 211). The analysis included both internal and test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and principal component analysis. A reliable change index and clinical cut-off scores were established for assessing clinically significant change.

RESULTS

The Spanish CORE-OM demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, along with satisfactory convergent validity against the 45-item Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). There were strong differentiations between the clinical and non-clinical samples and the four sample subsets. The outpatient group reported the highest scores, while the community group exhibited the lowest scores. There were no marked gender effects. All observed patterns aligned closely with the established Spanish referential data.

CONCLUSION

Our findings provide support for the utilization of the Spanish CORE-OM as a measure for tracking psychotherapeutic progress in the context of Chile.

Translation of the Satter's Division of Responsibility in Feeding Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese: A Cross-Sectional Study

This cross-sectional study aimed to translate and perform a psychometric analysis (evaluation of reproducibility and internal consistency) of the sDOR.2-6y™ into Brazilian Portuguese. The translation and back-translation followed the protocol required by the NEEDs Center, and the approved version was called "sDOR.2-6y™-Português-Brasil". The approved version was submitted to a test-retest round to verify its reproducibility through the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). A pilot study was performed to assess the internal consistency of the instrument. The reproducibility analysis (n = 23) showed a total ICC of 0.945. With the data from the pilot study (n = 384), the internal consistency evaluation was analyzed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the instrument obtained an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.301. The translation of the sDOR.2-6y™ into Brazilian Portuguese is the first and only tool available for the Brazilian population to exclusively assess the division of responsibility in feeding, which is essential to the academic community, health professionals, and research on child feeding. Therefore, this instrument in Brazilian Portuguese will allow future research on the division of responsibility in feeding among those responsible for children in Brazil.

Revising the Diabetes Distress Scale for Use Among Adults in the Dominican Republic: Findings From Cognitive Interviews

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study is to assess the content validity of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in rural Dominican Republic communities.

METHODS

Researchers conducted cognitive interviews with 20 adults with T2DM to assess how they answered a Spanish version of the 17-item DDS, a commonly used scale to measure diabetes distress. Interviews were done iteratively to allow for revisions and testing of those revisions with the participants. Analysis involved field notes, text summaries, and cognitive coding.

RESULTS

The sample was 55% women, had a mean age of 55 years, and came from 10 rural communities. The cognitive interviews highlighted needed changes across comprehension, judgment (clarity), recall, response process, and logical/structural issue domains. Participants generally understood the DDS; however, 4 items, the introduction, and response options were revised to improve participant response. The items were revised using wording from the participants themselves. By changing certain terms and splitting a couple of items, these items improved comprehension and judgment. The introduction was simplified from 2 paragraphs to 1 to reduce structural issues (ie, scale's features), and the response options were reduced from 6 options to 5 options to improve the response process.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on iterative study findings, the researchers propose expanding the 17-item DDS to 19 items to improve participant response. Revising the DDS to account for cultural and structural changes will improve clinical and public health understanding of the role of diabetes distress on T2DM management among Dominican adults.

Does the Danish version of the Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire measure what we think it measures? A triangulated mixed-methods validation approach

STUDY DESIGN

Triangulated mixed-methods validation study.

OBJECTIVES

To validate the Danish version of the Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire (SCL-CSQ).

SETTING

Community in Denmark.

METHODS

Participants were invited via a patient organization and its specialized hospital. Eligibility criteria were having a spinal cord injury (SCI), being 18 years or older, and able to understand and respond in Danish. Quantitative data were collected to determine internal consistency and criterion validity of the three subscales of SCL-CSQ, i.e., acceptance, fighting spirit, and social reliance. The Three-Step Test-Interview approach was employed to determine whether items measured what they were intended to measure (i.e., construct validity based on response processes).

RESULTS

The quantitative sample consisted of 107 participants, and the interview sample comprised 11 participants. The acceptance and fighting spirit subscales showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.72 and 0.76 respectively) and satisfactory criterion validity (expected correlations with quality of life and depression). The social reliance subscale showed inadequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.58) and criterion validity. All fighting spirit items and all but one acceptance items were interpreted congruently by most participants. Conversely, two social reliance items were only interpreted congruently by 9 and 27%.

CONCLUSION

The acceptance and fighting spirit subscales of the Danish version of the SCL-CSQ showed good psychometric properties, while the social reliance subscale showed serious issues and should be revised. Researchers and clinicians are urged to reflect on these findings when revising the SCL-CSQ or adapting it to other languages, cultural contexts, and rehabilitation settings.

A facial expression recognizer using modified ResNet-152

In this age of artificial intelligence, facial expression recognition is an essential pool to describe emotion and psychology. In recent studies, many researchers have not achieved satisfactory results. This paper proposed an expression recognition system based on ResNet-152. Statistical analysis showed our method achieved 96.44% accuracy. Comparative experiments show that the model is better than mainstream models. In addition, we briefly described the application of facial expression recognition technology in the IoT (Internet of things).

Cross-cultural adaptation of the PEAK 2.0 instrument for the measurement of satisfaction and quality of care for institutionalized older adults

OBJECTIVE: To perform the Brazilian Portuguese cross-cultural adaptation of scales of satisfaction, quality of care, and quality of service constructed by the Promoting Excellent Alternatives in Kansas (PEAK 2.0) program for the measurement of person-centered care practices in the context of institutionalized older persons. METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the following steps: translation; back translation; semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence; validation by an expert panel; and pre-test. This is an instrument with 32 individual items grouped into 4 subscales: overall satisfaction, quality of life, quality of care, and quality of service. RESULTS: The highest disagreement between experts was observed regarding verb conjugation and/or agreement aspects, which were adjusted. The pre-test, performed with 10 residents of long-term care facilities for older adults, showed that the “quality of life” and “quality of care” items had low levels of satisfaction. Although the residents demonstrated increased concern with the objective aspects of care, such as security and cleanliness, subjective aspects such as spirituality showed the lowest satisfaction levels. CONCLUSION: After cross-cultural adaptation, the overall satisfaction, quality of life, quality of care, and quality of service instruments of the PEAK 2.0 program were well understood by older adults and interviewers. The pre-test assessment showed that these instruments have a quick and easy application and can be used in Brazilian institutions.