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Frej D. The Effect of Changing the Angle of the Passenger Car Seat Backrest on the Head Trajectories of the 50th Percentile Male Dummy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3868. [PMID: 38931652 PMCID: PMC11207712 DOI: 10.3390/s24123868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to compare the head displacement of the KPSIT C50 dummy during a frontal collision at a speed of 20 km/h, along with the change in the angle of the car seat backrest. Passenger car manufacturers recommend setting the backrest angle of the car seat between 100 and 125 degrees. It should be noted that the driver's position is of great importance in the event of a collision injury. In the event of a rear-end collision, the position of the headrest of the car seat is an element that affects the degree of the driver's injuries. In extreme cases, incorrect positioning of the headrest, even at low speed, can lead to serious injuries to the cervical spine and even death. The article is part of a large-scale study on low-speed crash testing. The research problem concerned the influence of the seat backrest angle on the head displacement during a low-speed collision. The article compares the displacement of the head of the KPSIT C50 dummy during a series of crash tests, where the angle of the car seat backrest was changed. On the basis of the research, it was found that the optimal angle of the car seat backrest is 110 degrees. In addition, a preliminary analysis of the displacements of the dummy's head showed a high risk of whiplash injury in people sitting in a fully reclined seat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Frej
- Department of Automotive Engineering and Transport, Kielce University of Technology, Avenue Tysiaclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
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Sterling M, Andersen T, Carroll L, Connelly L, Côté P, Curatolo M, Grant G, Jull G, Kasch H, Ravn SL, MacDermid J, Malmström EM, Rebbeck T, Söderlund A, Treleaven J, Walton DM, Westergren H. Recommendations for a core outcome measurement set for clinical trials in whiplash associated disorders. Pain 2023; 164:2265-2272. [PMID: 37171189 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inconsistent reporting of outcomes in clinical trials of treatments for whiplash associated disorders (WAD) hinders effective data pooling and conclusions about treatment effectiveness. A multidisciplinary International Steering Committee recently recommended 6 core outcome domains: Physical Functioning, Perceived Recovery, Work and Social Functioning, Psychological Functioning, Quality of Life and Pain. This study aimed to reach consensus and recommend a core outcome set (COS) representing each of the 6 domains. Forty-three patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were identified for Physical Functioning, 2 for perceived recovery, 37 for psychological functioning, 17 for quality of life, and 2 for pain intensity. They were appraised in 5 systematic reviews following COSMIN methodology. No PROMs of Work and Social Functioning in WAD were identified. No PROMs had undergone evaluation of content validity in patients with WAD, but some had moderate-to-high-quality evidence for sufficient internal structure. Based on these results, the International Steering Committee reached 100% consensus to recommend the following COS: Neck Disability Index or Whiplash Disability Questionnaire (Physical Functioning), the Global Rating of Change Scale (Perceived Recovery), one of the Pictorial Fear of Activity Scale-Cervical, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, or Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (Psychological Functioning), EQ-5D-3L or SF-6D (Quality of Life), numeric pain rating scale or visual analogue scale (Pain), and single-item questions pertaining to current work status and percent of usual work (Work and Social Functioning). These recommendations reflect the current status of research of PROMs of the 6 core outcome domains and may be modified as evidence grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sterling
- Recover Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence: Better Health Outcomes for Compensable Injury, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Tonny Andersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Linda Carroll
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luke Connelly
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence: Better Health Outcomes for Compensable Injury, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- The University of Queensland Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, Sir Llew Edwards Building, St Lucia, Australia
- Departmento di Sociologia e Diritto Dell'Economia, The University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierre Côté
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michele Curatolo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Clinical Learning, Evidence and Research (CLEAR) Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Harborview Injury Preventions and Research Center (HIPRC), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Genevieve Grant
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence: Better Health Outcomes for Compensable Injury, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- Faculty of Law, Australian Centre for Justice Innovation (ACJI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gwendolen Jull
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helge Kasch
- Research Unit, Spinal Cord Injury Centre of Western Denmark, Viborg, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Regional Hospital of Viborg, Viborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sophie Lykkegaard Ravn
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Specialized Hospital for Polio and Accident Victims, Rødovre, Denmark
| | - Joy MacDermid
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, ON Canada
| | - Eva-Maj Malmström
- Department of Pain Rehabilitation, Skåne University Hospital, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Trudy Rebbeck
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence: Better Health Outcomes for Compensable Injury, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Söderlund
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Julia Treleaven
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M Walton
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Hans Westergren
- Department of Pain Rehabilitation, Skåne University Hospital, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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