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Blatch-Jones AJ, Lakin K, Thomas S. A scoping review on what constitutes a good research culture. F1000Res 2024; 13:324. [PMID: 38826614 PMCID: PMC11140362 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.147599.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The crisis in research culture is well documented, covering issues such as a tendency for quantity over quality, unhealthy competitive environments, and assessment based on publications, journal prestige and funding. In response, research institutions need to assess their own practices to promote and advocate for change in the current research ecosystem. The purpose of the scoping review was to explore ' What does the evidence say about the 'problem' with 'poor' research culture, what are the benefits of 'good' research culture, and what does 'good' look like?' Aims To examine the peer-reviewed and grey literature to explore the interplay between research culture, open research, career paths, recognition and rewards, and equality, diversity, and inclusion, as part of a larger programme of activity for a research institution. Methods A scoping review was undertaken. Six databases were searched along with grey literature. Eligible literature had relevance to academic research institutions, addressed research culture, and were published between January 2017 to May 2022. Evidence was mapped and themed to specific categories. The search strategy, screening and analysis took place between April-May 2022. Results 1666 titles and abstracts, and 924 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 253 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. A purposive sampling of relevant websites was drawn from to complement the review, resulting in 102 records included in the review. Key areas for consideration were identified across the four themes of job security, wellbeing and equality of opportunity, teamwork and interdisciplinary, and research quality and accountability. Conclusions There are opportunities for research institutions to improve their own practice, however institutional solutions cannot act in isolation. Research institutions and research funders need to work together to build a more sustainable and inclusive research culture that is diverse in nature and supports individuals' well-being, career progression and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jane Blatch-Jones
- School of Healthcare Enterprise and Innovation, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 7NS, UK
| | - Kay Lakin
- Hatch, School of Healthcare Enterprise and Innovation, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 7NS, UK
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Hatch, School of Healthcare Enterprise and Innovation, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 7NS, UK
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Mueller AL, Schnirel A, Kleppner S, Tsao P, Leeper NJ. Postdoctoral T32 training is correlated with obtaining an academic primarily research faculty position. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303792. [PMID: 38848385 PMCID: PMC11161096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The mission of NIH-sponsored institutional training programs such as the T32 is to provide strong research and career training for early career scientists. One of the main avenues to pursuing health-related research is becoming research faculty at an academic institution. It is therefore important to know whether these programs are succeeding in this mission, or, if barriers exist that prevent trainees from pursuing these careers. Our institution currently trains ~ 2400 post-doctoral scholars per year, approximately 5% of whom are enrolled in one of our 33 T32 programs. In this study, we 1) compare the proximal professional career trajectories of T32 trainees with non-T32 trainees at our institution, 2) compare proximal career trajectories of trainees in a subset of cardiovascular T32 programs based on their previous training backgrounds, and 3) survey past and current T32 trainees in a subset of cardiovascular T32 programs about the barriers and enablers they experienced to pursuing research-oriented careers. We find that former T32 trainees are significantly more likely to attain appointments as primarily research faculty members, compared to other trainees. Trainees report a perceived lack of stability, the paucity of open positions, and the 'publish or perish' mentality of academia as the top barriers to pursuing careers in academia. However, they were still more likely to choose research over clinical careers after participating in a dedicated T32 program. Our results support the conclusion that structured training programs strengthen the pipeline of young scientists pursuing careers in academic research, including those from underrepresented backgrounds. However, T32 postdoctoral researchers are held back from pursuing academic careers by a perceived lack of stability and high competition for faculty positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L. Mueller
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Addie Schnirel
- Office of Postdoctoral Affairs, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sofie Kleppner
- Office of Postdoctoral Affairs, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Philip Tsao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Landhuis E. To diversify the scientific workforce, postdoc recruitment needs a rethink. Nature 2023; 618:201-203. [PMID: 37237179 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Shaaban CE, Dennis TL, Gabrielson S, Miller LJ, Zellers DF, Levine AS, Rosano C. Retention, mobility, and successful transition to independence of health sciences postdocs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276389. [PMID: 36318574 PMCID: PMC9624420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obtaining a tenure track faculty position (TTFP) after postdoctoral appointment (PDA) completion is considered an indicator of successful transition to independence (TTI). Whether cross-institutional mobility (CIM)-moving to a different institution from that of the PDA-contributes to TTI is unclear, as data evaluating retention and mobility is lacking. We tested the hypothesis that, for postdocs (PDs) at R1 institutions, CIM is a significant predictor of successful TTI defined as TTFP-status 3 years post-PDA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using University of Pittsburgh data for health sciences PDs we tested the association of CIM at PDA completion (moved to a different institution (CIM = 1) or retained at Pitt (CIM = 0)) with TTFP-status 3 years post-PDA (TTFP, non-TTFP, or left faculty position) using multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Among all 622 Pitt PDs, 3-year retention in a faculty position at Pitt was 21%, while 14% had a faculty position outside of Pitt. Among the analytic sample of PDs with an academic career outcome during the study period (N = 238; 50% women, 8% underrepresented minorities (URM)), at baseline PDA completion 39% moved to a different institution (CIM = 1), and 61% remained at Pitt (CIM = 0) in any job type. Those with CIM = 1 had greater odds of having a TTFP at follow-up than those with CIM = 0 [adjusted OR (95% CI): 4.4 (2.1, 9.2)]. DISCUSSION One fifth of Pitt PDs were retained by Pitt as faculty. While Pitt PDs were equally likely to get a faculty position whether they were retained at Pitt or left, those who left had greater odds of obtaining a TTFP. Future work with longer follow-up times, expanded markers of TTI, and samples from other R1 institutions is needed to better understand the reason for these results. This knowledge can lead to better support for the next generation of PDs as they successfully transition to faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tammy L. Dennis
- Office of Academic Career Development, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Stephen Gabrielson
- Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Miller
- Office of Academic Career Development, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Darlene F. Zellers
- Office of Academic Career Development, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Arthur S. Levine
- Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Cresiski RH, Ghent CA, Rutledge JC, Carter-Veale WY, Aumiller J, Bertot JC, Enekwe B, Golembewski E, Medina Y, Scott MS. Developing a State University System Model to Diversify Faculty in the Biomedical Sciences. Front Psychol 2022; 13:734145. [PMID: 35369137 PMCID: PMC8971808 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.734145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid increasing demands from students and the public, universities have recently reinvigorated their efforts to increase the number of faculty from underrepresented populations. Although a myriad of piecemeal programs targeting individual recruitment and development have been piloted at several institutions, overall growth in faculty diversity remains almost negligible and highly localized. To bring about genuine change, we hypothesize a consortia approach that links individuals to hiring opportunities within a state university system might be more effective. Here we present a case study describing the progress of the NSF-funded Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP) PROMISE Academy Alliance, a consortium within the University System of Maryland (USM) collaborating to develop, implement, self-study, evaluate, and disseminate a unique postdoc-to-faculty conversion model in the biomedical sciences. The initiative centers on diversifying faculty across five institutions in the USM, including teaching-focused institutions, comprehensive universities, research institutions, and professional schools. Components of this approach include (1) enhanced recruiting and hiring practices to attract outstanding postdoctoral scholars from underrepresented backgrounds, (2) multi-institutional networking and professional development, and (3) facilitated processes to transition (or "convert") postdocs into tenure-track positions at their postdoctoral institution or another institution in the state system. This model is distinct from more deficit-based approaches because it goes beyond focusing on building the individual's skills to enter the professoriate. This program restructures the traditionally short-term nature of postdoctoral employment and incorporates a pathway to a tenure-track professorship at the same institution or within the same statewide system where the postdoc is trained. This multi-institutional model leverages collaboration and distinct institutional strengths to create cross-institutional support, advocacy, and policy. Importantly, it uses a decentralized financial structure that makes this approach distinctly replicable. Recognizing the immediate need for more collaborative approaches to diversify faculty and a lack of literature about such approaches, this case study describes the development of, and potential benefits of, a state university system, as well as the qualitative lessons learned from self-study, internal evaluation, external evaluation, and NSF site visits. The AGEP PROMISE Academy can serve as a model for replication at other university systems hoping to diversify their faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet C Rutledge
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | - John Carlo Bertot
- University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Blessing Enekwe
- University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | - Yarazeth Medina
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
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