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Zábó V, Erát D, Vargha A, Vincze Á, Harangozó J, Iváncsics M, Farkas J, Balogh G, Pongrácz F, Bognár J, Nagy E, Gonda X, Purebl G. Mental health competencies are stronger determinants of well-being than mental disorder symptoms in both psychiatric and non-clinical samples. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12943. [PMID: 38839972 PMCID: PMC11153550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the strength of mental health competencies and the severity of mental disorder symptoms, and their interaction, differ in the strength of their associations with several dimensions of well-being in Hungarian adult psychiatric and non-clinical samples. All respondent in the psychiatric sample (129 patients (44 male, 85 female)) and in the non-clinical community sample (253 adults (43 male, 210 female)) completed the Mental Health Test, six measures of well-being and mental health, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Including both mental health competencies and mental disorder symptoms in a regression model in both samples can predict patients' well-being even more accurately. Mental health competencies were positively related; mental disorder symptoms were negatively related to subjective well-being. In all models and in both samples, mental health competencies were found to be stronger determinants of well-being than mental disorder symptoms. The interaction of mental health competencies and mental disorder symptoms is no more predictive of well-being in either psychiatric or non-clinical samples than when the effects of each are considered separately. The assessment of mental health competencies has an important predictive value for well-being in the presence of psychopathological symptoms and/or mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Erát
- Department of Sociology, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - András Vargha
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Person- and Family-Oriented Health Science Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vincze
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Harangozó
- Community Psychiatry Centre, Semmelweis University - Awakenings Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Iváncsics
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Pongrácz
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Bognár
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Nagy
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György Purebl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Zábó V, Erát D, Gonda X, Harangozó J, Iváncsics M, Vincze Á, Farkas J, Balogh G, Oláh A, Kéri S, Purebl G, Vargha A. Preliminary validation of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4023. [PMID: 38369582 PMCID: PMC10874926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To assist psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to assess their patients' psychological immune competence-based capacities and resources, depending on the mental health disorder diagnosis and the severity of the symptoms, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. The research was carried out in four Hungarian healthcare facilities using a cross-sectional design. A total of 331 patients (140 male, 188 female, and 3 who preferred not to disclose their gender) completed the Mental Health Test, six well-being and mental health measures, and the Symptom Checklist-90. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists reported the mental disorder status of each participant. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the five-factor model to the data for the clinical version of the Mental Health Test (CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.034). High internal consistency coefficients (α: 0.70-0.84; ω: 0.71-0.85) and excellent external and content validity were reported. The test is not sensitive to sociodemographic indicators but is sensitive to the correlates of well-being and to the symptoms of different types of mental disorders. Our preliminary findings suggest that the Mental Health Test is a suitable measure for assessing mental health capacities and resources in psychiatric samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Erát
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Social and Media Studies, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Judit Harangozó
- Community Psychiatry Centre, Semmelweis University - Awakenings Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Iváncsics
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vincze
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Vargha
- Person- and Family-Oriented Health Science Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
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Zábó V, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Purebl G. Psychological resilience and competence: key promoters of successful aging and flourishing in late life. GeroScience 2023; 45:3045-3058. [PMID: 37418098 PMCID: PMC10643728 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals, both in the public and within the field of psychology, often perceive aging as a burden that negatively impacts intellectual and mental health. Our present study aims to challenge this notion by identifying the crucial components of positive mental health in later life. These components not only promote positive mental health but also actively contribute to it, even under difficult circumstances. To accomplish this, we first offer a concise review of well-being and mental health models that highlight the psychological aspects of flourishing in late life. We then introduce a psychological competence-based model for positive mental health, which aligns with the concept of positive aging. Subsequently, we present a measurement tool suitable for practical applications. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of positive aging, drawing on methodological guidelines and existing research findings concerning sustainable positive mental health in later life. We examine the evidence indicating that psychological resilience (the capacity to adapt and recover from adversity or stress) and competence (skills and abilities to effectively cope with challenges across various life domains) significantly contribute to slowing down biological aging processes. Furthermore, we discuss insights into the relationship between psychological factors and aging derived from research on Blue Zones (regions characterized by a higher proportion of individuals experiencing longer, healthier lives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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