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McQuillan K, Yoshida-Montezuma Y, Jambon M, Vanderloo LM, Gonzalez A, Anderson LN. Physical activity and unexpected weight change in Ontario children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional analysis of the Ontario Parent Survey 2. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292934. [PMID: 38300964 PMCID: PMC10833564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between children's parent-reported physical activity levels and weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among children and youth in Ontario Canada. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in parents of children 5-17 years living in Ontario from May to July 2021. Parents recalled their child's physical activity and weight change during the year prior to their completion of the survey. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multinomial logistic regression for the association between physical activity and weight gain or loss, adjusted for child age and gender, parent ethnicity, current housing type, method of school delivery, and financial stability. Overall, 86.8% of children did not obtain 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day and 75.4% of parents were somewhat or very concerned about their child's physical activity levels. For all physical activity exposures (outdoor play, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), lower physical activity was consistently associated with increased odds of weight gain or loss. For example, the adjusted OR for the association between 0-1 days of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity versus 6-7 days and child weight gain was 5.81 (95% CI 4.47, 7.56). Parent concern about their child's physical activity was also strongly associated with child weight gain (OR 7.29; 95% CI 5.94, 8.94). No differences were observed between boys and girls. This study concludes that a high proportion of children in Ontario had low physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and that low physical activity was strongly associated with parent reports of both weight gain and loss among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McQuillan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yulika Yoshida-Montezuma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Jambon
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh M. Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura N. Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sprengeler MK, Mattheß J, Galeris MG, Eckert M, Koch G, Reinhold T, Berghöfer A, Fricke J, Roll S, Keil T, Ludwig-Körner C, Kuchinke L, von Klitzing K, White LO, Schlensog-Schuster F. Being an Infant in a Pandemic: Influences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Infants, Toddlers and Their Mothers in a Clinical Population. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1885. [PMID: 38136087 PMCID: PMC10742006 DOI: 10.3390/children10121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing lockdowns might have had a strong impact on mental health of mothers and their infants/toddlers. For example, families had to deal with health issues and social isolation, which might have affected mental health and parent-child interactions. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in (1) infantile regulatory disorders, (2) maternal mental health, (3) the impact of maternal mental health on infantile regulatory disorders, and (4) alterations in the mother-child interaction for participants recruited before versus after the onset of the first German lockdown. For this reason, mother-child dyads have been divided into two groups and were compared by analyzing clinical interviews on psychopathology of mother and child (M.I.N.I. & DC:05) and mother-child-interactions (Emotional Availability Scales). Results showed that (1) differences in infantile sleeping disorders emerged (phi = 0.243; p = 0.016) compared to the pre-lockdown group, while (2) the occurrence of maternal panic and anxiety increased in the post-lockdown group (phi = 0.229; p = 0.022). Moreover, there was (3) an association for maternal panic and child's sleep disorder, and (4) specific associations with maternal non-hostility in the mother-child-interaction. In conclusion, the present study highlights the differences of maternal mental health occurrences and infants' regulatory problems, as well as the possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic for infants. In the pre-lockdown group, maternal non-hostility might have acted as a promotive factor against regulatory disorders, while this mechanism was mitigated in the post-lockdown group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Katharina Sprengeler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.S.); (M.-G.G.); (K.v.K.); (L.O.W.); (F.S.-S.)
| | - Janna Mattheß
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.S.); (M.-G.G.); (K.v.K.); (L.O.W.); (F.S.-S.)
- International Psychoanalytic University, 10555 Berlin, Germany; (M.E.); (G.K.); (C.L.-K.); (L.K.)
| | - Mirijam-Griseldis Galeris
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.S.); (M.-G.G.); (K.v.K.); (L.O.W.); (F.S.-S.)
| | - Melanie Eckert
- International Psychoanalytic University, 10555 Berlin, Germany; (M.E.); (G.K.); (C.L.-K.); (L.K.)
| | - Gabriele Koch
- International Psychoanalytic University, 10555 Berlin, Germany; (M.E.); (G.K.); (C.L.-K.); (L.K.)
| | - Thomas Reinhold
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (J.F.); (S.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Anne Berghöfer
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (J.F.); (S.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (J.F.); (S.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Stephanie Roll
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (J.F.); (S.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (T.R.); (J.F.); (S.R.); (T.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Ludwig-Körner
- International Psychoanalytic University, 10555 Berlin, Germany; (M.E.); (G.K.); (C.L.-K.); (L.K.)
| | - Lars Kuchinke
- International Psychoanalytic University, 10555 Berlin, Germany; (M.E.); (G.K.); (C.L.-K.); (L.K.)
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.S.); (M.-G.G.); (K.v.K.); (L.O.W.); (F.S.-S.)
| | - Lars Otto White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.S.); (M.-G.G.); (K.v.K.); (L.O.W.); (F.S.-S.)
| | - Franziska Schlensog-Schuster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.S.); (M.-G.G.); (K.v.K.); (L.O.W.); (F.S.-S.)
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
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