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Chawla D, Yang YC, Desrosiers TA, Westreich DJ, Olshan AF, Daniels JL. Past-month cannabis use among U.S. individuals from 2002-2015: An age-period-cohort analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 193:177-182. [PMID: 30384326 PMCID: PMC6542262 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among U.S. adolescents and adults, but little is known about factors that drive trends in cannabis use prevalence. To better understand drivers of these trends, we aimed to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on past-month cannabis use among U.S. individuals age 12 and older from 2002 to 2015. METHODS We conducted an age-period-cohort analysis on past-month cannabis use among participants ages 12 and older using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual cross-sectional nationally-representative survey of drug use. Additionally, we examined how age, period, and cohort effects differed across gender. Participants (n = 779,799) self-reported cannabis patterns using a computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI). RESULTS Past-month cannabis use in this population increased from 6.0% in 2002 to 8.1% in 2015. Distinct age, period, and cohort effects were observed. Compared to participants ages 12-13, participants ages 18-21 (PR: 16.8, 95% CI: 15.6, 18.1) and 22-25 (PR: 13.2, 95% CI: 12.2, 14.4) had dramatically higher prevalence of past-month cannabis use. Compared to participants in 2002, participants in 2014 (PR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) and 2014 (PR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) had slightly higher prevalence of past-month cannabis use. Compared to the 1940s birth cohort, the 1950s birth cohort (PR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.2) had a higher prevalence of past-month cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Past-month cannabis use is prevalent and increasing among U.S. adults. Distinct age, period, and cohort effects are at play, though age effects are strongest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Chawla
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Yang C Yang
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 155 Hamilton Hall, CB #3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 West Franklin St, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Tania A Desrosiers
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel J Westreich
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Julie L Daniels
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Airagnes G, Lemogne C, Goldberg M, Hoertel N, Roquelaure Y, Limosin F, Zins M. Job exposure to the public in relation with alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use: Findings from the CONSTANCES cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196330. [PMID: 29715268 PMCID: PMC5929509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the associations between job exposure to the public (e.g., customers, guests, users of a public service, patients) and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. Methods From the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 16,566 men and 17,426 women currently working were included between 2012 and 2016. They reported their exposure to the public (daily versus no daily), and among the daily exposed participants (10,323 men and 13,318 women), the frequency of stressful exposure (often versus rarely). Dependent variables were: chronic alcohol consumption (<1(1), 1-27(1–13), 28-42(14–28), >42(28) drinks per week in men(women)), heavy episodic drinking (never, at most once a month, more than once a month), alcohol use risk with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (mild, dangerous, problematic or dependence), tobacco use (non-smoker, former smoker, 1–9, 10–19, >19 cigarettes per day) and cannabis use (never, not in past year, less than once a month, once a month or more). Logistic regressions provided odds ratios of substance use, stratifying for gender and adjusting for sociodemographic confounders, depression, effort-reward imbalance and perceived health status. Results Exposed men had higher risks of alcohol (chronic alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use risk), tobacco and cannabis use. Exposed women had higher risks of tobacco and cannabis use. In men, stressful exposure was associated with increased risks of heavy episodic drinking, tobacco and cannabis use. In women, stressful exposure was associated with increased risks of chronic alcohol consumption, alcohol use risk, tobacco and cannabis use. All these findings remained significant in multivariable analyses, taking into account sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, perceived health status and effort-reward imbalance. Conclusions Interventions to reduce emotional job demand should systematically integrate assessment and prevention measures of addictive behaviors. Vulnerable workers may be offered more specific interventions to reduce the impact of exposure to the public on their substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Airagnes
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1168, VIMA, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- UMR 1085, Ester, Irest Inserm, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1168, VIMA, Inserm, Villejuif, France
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Greiner C, Chatton A, Khazaal Y. Online self-help forums on cannabis: A content assessment. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2017; 100:1943-1950. [PMID: 28602568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate online self-help forums related to cannabis users who were searching for help on the Internet. METHODS We analyzed the content of 717 postings by 328 users in three online forums in terms of fields of interest and self-help mechanisms. Only English-language forums that were free of charge and without registration were investigated. RESULTS The main self-help mechanisms were disclosure and symptoms, with relatively few posts concerning legal issues and social perceptions. The forums differed significantly in all fields of interest and self-help mechanisms except for social network and financial and vocational issues. Highly involved users more commonly posted on topics related to diagnosis, etiology/research, and provision of information and less commonly on those related to gratitude. Correlation analysis showed a moderate negative correlation between emotional support and illness-related aspects and between emotional support and exchange of information. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis forums share similarities with other mental health forums. Posts differ according to user involvement and the specific orientation of the forum. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The Internet offers a viable source of self-help and social support for cannabis users, which has potential clinical implications in terms of referring clients to specific forums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Greiner
- Geneva University Hospitals, Gabriel-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva University, Général-Dufour 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Chatton
- Geneva University, Général-Dufour 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Geneva University Hospitals, Gabriel-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva University, Général-Dufour 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Canada.
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