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Monaghan AS, Ofori E, Fling BW, Peterson DS. Associating white matter microstructural integrity and improvements in reactive stepping in people with Parkinson's Disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:852-862. [PMID: 38530517 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Reactive steps are rapid responses after balance challenges. People with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD) demonstrate impaired reactive stepping, increasing fall-risk. Although PwPD can improve steps through practice, the neural mechanisms contributing to improved reactive stepping are poorly understood. This study investigated white-matter correlates of responsiveness to reactive step training in PwPD. In an eighteen-week multiple-baseline study, participants (n = 22) underwent baseline assessments (B1 and B2 two-weeks apart), a two-week training protocol, and post-training assessments immediately (P1) and two-months (P2) post-training. Assessments involved three backward reactive step trials, measuring anterior-posterior margin of stability (AP MOS), step length, and step latency. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics correlated white-matter integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD)) with retained (P2-B2) and immediate improvements (P1-B2) in stepping. Significant and sustained improvements in step length and AP MOS were observed. Greater retention of step length improvement correlated with increased FA in the left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), left posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). Step latency retention was associated with lower RD in the left posterior corona radiata and left PTR. Immediate improvements in AP MOS correlated with increased FA of the right ILF, right SLF, and right corticospinal tract. Immediate step length improvements were associated with increased FA in right and left ATR and right SLF. These findings highlight the importance of white-matter microstructural integrity in motor learning and retention processes in PD and could aid in identifying individuals with PD who would benefit most from balance rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Monaghan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward Ofori
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Brett W Fling
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Daniel S Peterson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Phoenix VA Health Care Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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2
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Wang J, Christensen D, Coombes SA, Wang Z. Cognitive and brain morphological deviations in middle-to-old aged autistic adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105782. [PMID: 38944227 PMCID: PMC11283673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive challenges and brain structure variations are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but are rarely explored in middle-to-old aged autistic adults. Cognitive deficits that overlap between young autistic individuals and elderlies with dementia raise an important question: does compromised cognitive ability and brain structure during early development drive autistic adults to be more vulnerable to pathological aging conditions, or does it protect them from further decline? To answer this question, we have synthesized current theoretical models of aging in ASD and conducted a systematic literature review (Jan 1, 1980 - Feb 29, 2024) and meta-analysis to summarize empirical studies on cognitive and brain deviations in middle-to-old aged autistic adults. We explored findings that support different aging theories in ASD and addressed study limitations and future directions. This review sheds light on the poorly understood consequences of aging question raised by the autism community to pave the way for future studies to identify sensitive and reliable measures that best predict the onset, progression, and prognosis of pathological aging in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Wang
- Neurocognitive and Behavioral Development Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA
| | - Danielle Christensen
- Neurocognitive and Behavioral Development Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA; Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA
| | - Stephen A Coombes
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Neurocognitive and Behavioral Development Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA.
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3
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Benjamin TA, Bennett MM, Davis KE. Environmental and Interpersonal Factors Impact the Developing Brain. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0361242024. [PMID: 39084937 PMCID: PMC11293443 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0361-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Benjamin
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Meghan M Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Kaley E Davis
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
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4
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Videtta G, Squarcina L, Rossetti MG, Brambilla P, Delvecchio G, Bellani M. White matter modifications of corpus callosum in bipolar disorder: A DTI tractography review. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:220-227. [PMID: 37301293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent widespread use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography allowed researchers to investigate the diffusivity modifications and neuroanatomical changes of white matter (WM) fascicles in major psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). In BD, corpus callosum (CC) seems to have a crucial role in explaining the pathophysiology and cognitive impairment of this psychiatric disorder. This review aims to provide an overview on the latest results emerging from studies that investigated neuroanatomical changes of CC in BD using DTI tractography. METHODS Bibliographic research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science datasets until March 2022. Ten studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. RESULTS From the reviewed DTI tractography studies a significant decrease of fractional anisotropy emerged in the genu, body and splenium of CC of BD patients compared to controls. This finding is coupled with reduction of fiber density and modification in fiber tract length. Finally, an increase of radial and mean diffusivity in forceps minor and in the entire CC was also reported. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, heterogeneity in terms of methodological (diffusion gradient) and clinical (lifetime comorbidity, BD status, pharmacological treatments) characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings suggest the presence of structural modifications in CC in BD patients, which may in turn explain the cognitive impairments often observed in this psychiatric disorder, especially in executive processing, motor control and visual memory. Finally, structural modifications may suggest an impairment in the amount of functional information and a morphological impact within those brain regions connected by CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Videtta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Squarcina
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Chokesuwattanaskul A, Zanon Zotin MC, Schoemaker D, Sveikata L, Gurol ME, Greenberg SM, Viswanathan A. Apathy in Patients With Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study. Neurology 2023; 100:e2007-e2016. [PMID: 36941070 PMCID: PMC10186225 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence and associated clinical characteristics of apathy in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy and investigate whether apathy was associated with disease burden and disconnections of key structures in the reward circuit through a structural and functional multimodal neuroimaging approach. METHODS Thirty-seven participants with probable sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy without symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or dementia (mean age, 73.3 ± 7.2 years, % male = 59.5%) underwent a detailed neuropsychological evaluation, including measures of apathy and depression, and a multimodal MR neuroimaging study. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association of apathy with conventional small vessel disease neuroimaging markers. A voxel-based morphometry with a small volume correction within regions previously associated with apathy and a whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics were performed to identify differences in the gray matter and white matter between the apathetic and nonapathetic groups. Gray matter regions significantly associated with apathy were further evaluated for their functional alterations as seeds in the seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis. Potential confounders, namely, age, sex, and measures of depression, were entered as covariates in all analyses. RESULTS A higher composite small vessel disease marker score (CAA-SVD) was associated with a higher degree of apathy (standardized coefficient = 1.35 (0.07-2.62), adjusted R2 = 27.90, p = 0.04). Lower gray matter volume of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortices was observed in the apathetic group than in the nonapathetic group (F = 13.20, family-wise error-corrected p = 0.028). The apathetic group demonstrated a widespread decrease in white matter microstructural integrity compared with the nonapathetic group. These tracts connect key regions within and between related reward circuits. Finally, there were no significant functional alterations between the apathetic and nonapathetic groups. DISCUSSION Our findings revealed the orbitofrontal cortex as a key region in the reward circuit associated with apathy in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, independent from depression. Apathy was shown to be associated with a higher CAA-SVD score and an extensive disruption of white matter tracts, which suggested that a higher burden of CAA pathology and the disruption in large-scale white matter networks may underlie manifestations of apathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthipa Chokesuwattanaskul
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., M.C.Z.Z., D.S., L.S., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurology (A.C.), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Research Unit (A.C.), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Imaging (M.C.Z.Z.), Center for Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.S.), Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Clara Zanon Zotin
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., M.C.Z.Z., D.S., L.S., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurology (A.C.), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Research Unit (A.C.), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Imaging (M.C.Z.Z.), Center for Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.S.), Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dorothée Schoemaker
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., M.C.Z.Z., D.S., L.S., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurology (A.C.), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Research Unit (A.C.), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Imaging (M.C.Z.Z.), Center for Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.S.), Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sveikata
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., M.C.Z.Z., D.S., L.S., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurology (A.C.), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Research Unit (A.C.), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Imaging (M.C.Z.Z.), Center for Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.S.), Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Edip Gurol
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., M.C.Z.Z., D.S., L.S., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurology (A.C.), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Research Unit (A.C.), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Imaging (M.C.Z.Z.), Center for Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.S.), Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., M.C.Z.Z., D.S., L.S., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurology (A.C.), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Research Unit (A.C.), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Imaging (M.C.Z.Z.), Center for Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.S.), Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., M.C.Z.Z., D.S., L.S., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurology (A.C.), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Research Unit (A.C.), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Imaging (M.C.Z.Z.), Center for Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.S.), Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Matyi MA, Spielberg JM. Negative emotion differentiation and white matter microstructure. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:238-246. [PMID: 37059190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in the differentiation of negative emotions - the ability to specifically identify one's negative emotions - are associated with poorer mental health outcomes. However, the processes that lead to individual differences in negative emotion differentiation are not well understood, hampering our understanding of why this process is related to poor mental health outcomes. Given that disruptions in some affective processes are associated with white matter microstructure, identifying the circuitry associated with different affective processes can inform our understanding of how disturbances in these networks may lead to psychopathology. Thus, examination of how white matter microstructure relates to individual differences in negative emotion differentiation (NED) may provide insights into (i) its component processes and (ii) its relationship to brain structure. METHOD The relationship between white matter microstructure and NED was examined. RESULTS NED was related to white matter microstructure in right anterior thalamic radiation and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and left peri-genual cingulum. LIMITATIONS Although participants self-reported psychiatric diagnoses and previous psychological treatment, psychopathology was not directly targeted, and thus, the extent to which microstructure related to NED could be examined in relation to maladaptive outcomes is limited. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that NED is related to white matter microstructure and suggest that pathways subserving processes that facilitate memory, semantics, and affective experience are important for NED. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which individual differences in NED arise, suggesting intervention targets that may disrupt the relationship between poor differentiation and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Matyi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Spielberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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7
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Mazza E, Calesella F, Paolini M, di Pasquasio C, Poletti S, Lorenzi C, Falini A, Zanardi R, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Insulin resistance disrupts white matter microstructure and amplitude of functional spontaneous activity in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:32-42. [PMID: 36377438 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to several structural and functional brain alterations. In addition, BD patients have a three-fold increased risk of developing insulin resistance, which is associated with neural changes and poorer BD outcomes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of insulin and two derived measures (insulin resistance and sensitivity) on white matter (WM) microstructure, resting-state (rs) functional connectivity (FC), and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF). METHODS BD patients (n = 92) underwent DTI acquisition, and a subsample (n = 22) underwent rs-fMRI. Blood samples were collected to determine insulin and glucose levels. The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were computed. DTI data were analyzed via tract-based spatial statistics and threshold-free cluster enhancement. From rs-fMRI data, both ROI-to-ROI FC matrices and fALFF maps were extracted. RESULTS Insulin showed a widespread negative association with fractional anisotropy (FA) and a positive effect on radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD). HOMA-IR exerted a significant effect on RD in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, whereas QUICKI was positively associated with FA and negatively with RD and MD in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, and forceps minor. fALFF was negatively modulated by insulin and HOMA-IR and positively associated with QUICKI in the precuneus. No significant results were found in the ROI-to-ROI analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that WM microstructure and functional alterations might underlie the effect of IR on BD pathophysiology, even if the causal mechanisms need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mazza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Calesella
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Paolini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Poletti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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8
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Wu Y, Hu S, Wang Y, Dong T, Wu H, Wang A, Li C, Kan H. Altered microstructural pattern of the cortex and basal forebrain cholinergic system in wilson's disease: an automated fiber quantification tractography study. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:200-212. [PMID: 36690883 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projection neurons form a highly extensive input to the cortex. Failure of BF cholinergic circuits is responsible for the cognitive impairment associated with Wilson's disease (WD), but whether and how the microstructural changes in fiber projections between the BF and cerebral cortex influence prospective memory (PM) remain poorly understood. We collected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 21 neurological WD individuals and 26 healthy controls (HCs). The experiment reconstructed the probabilistic streamlined tractography of 18 white matter tracts using an automated fiber quantification (AFQ) toolkit. Tract properties (FA, MD, RD, and AD) were computed for 100 points along each tract for each participant, and the differences between the groups were examined. Subsequently, correlation analysis was performed to evaluate whether abnormal microstructural white matter integrity measures correlate with PM performance. Additional investigations used a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach to identify regions with altered white matter structure between groups and verify the reliability of the AFQ results. The highest nonoverlapping DTI-related differences were detected in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), corticospinal tract (CST), corpus callosum, association fibers, and limbic system fibers. Additionally, PM parameters of the patient group were highly correlated with white matter microstructure changes in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Our study highlights that the performance of projections between cholinergic input and output areas-the cerebral cortex and BF-may serve as neural biomarkers of PM and disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wu
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongli Wu
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anqin Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongxing Kan
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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9
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Tract-based white matter hyperintensity patterns in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using an unsupervised machine learning approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21376. [PMID: 36494508 PMCID: PMC9734118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25990-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the spatial distribution of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in the brain of patients with Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous lesion markers, such as number and volume, ignore the strategic location of WMH. The goal of this work was to develop a fully-automated method to identify predominant patterns of WMH across WM tracts based on cluster analysis. A total of 221 SLE patients with and without neuropsychiatric symptoms from two different sites were included in this study. WMH segmentations and lesion locations were acquired automatically. Cluster analysis was performed on the WMH distribution in 20 WM tracts. Our pipeline identified five distinct clusters with predominant involvement of the forceps major, forceps minor, as well as right and left anterior thalamic radiations and the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. The patterns of the affected WM tracts were consistent over the SLE subtypes and sites. Our approach revealed distinct and robust tract-based WMH patterns within SLE patients. This method could provide a basis, to link the location of WMH with clinical symptoms. Furthermore, it could be used for other diseases characterized by presence of WMH to investigate both the clinical relevance of WMH and underlying pathomechanism in the brain.
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Huang H, Ma X, Yue X, Kang S, Li Y, Rao Y, Feng Y, Wu J, Long W, Chen Y, Lyu W, Tan X, Qiu S. White Matter Characteristics of Damage Along Fiber Tracts in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Neuroradiol 2022; 33:327-341. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-022-01213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The white matter (WM) of the brain of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is susceptible to neurodegenerative processes, but the specific types and positions of microstructural lesions along the fiber tracts remain unclear.
Methods
In this study 61 T2DM patients and 61 healthy controls were recruited and underwent diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). The results were reconstructed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). WM microstructural abnormalities were identified using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Pointwise WM tract differences were detected through automatic fiber quantification (AFQ). The relationships between WM tract abnormalities and clinical characteristics were explored with partial correlation analysis.
Results
TBSS revealed widespread WM lesions in T2DM patients with decreased fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity and an increased orientation dispersion index (ODI). The AFQ results showed microstructural abnormalities in T2DM patients in specific portions of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), right arcuate fasciculus (ARC), left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and forceps major (FMA). In the right ARC of T2DM patients, an aberrant ODI was positively correlated with fasting insulin and insulin resistance, and an abnormal intracellular volume fraction was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose. Additionally, negative associations were found between blood pressure and microstructural abnormalities in the right ARC, left ATR, and FMA in T2DM patients.
Conclusion
Using AFQ, together with DTI and NODDI, various kinds of microstructural alterations in the right SLF, right ARC, left ATR, and FMA can be accurately identified and may be associated with insulin and glucose status and blood pressure in T2DM patients.
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11
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Loehrer PA, Weber I, Oehrn CR, Nettersheim FS, Dafsari HS, Knake S, Tittgemeyer M, Timmermann L, Belke M. Microstructural alterations predict impaired bimanual control in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac137. [PMID: 35702729 PMCID: PMC9185383 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimanual coordination is impaired in Parkinson’s disease affecting patients’ ability to perform activities of daily living and to maintain independence. Conveyance of information between cortical and subcortical areas is essential for bimanual coordination and relies on the integrity of cerebral microstructure. As pathological deposition of alpha-synuclein compromises microstructure in Parkinson’s disease, we investigated the relationship between microstructural integrity and bimanual coordination using diffusion-weighted MRI in 23 patients with Parkinson’s disease (mean age ± standard deviation: 56.0 ± 6.45 years; 8 female) and 26 older adults (mean age ± standard deviation: 58.5 ± 5.52 years). Whole-brain analysis revealed specific microstructural alterations between patients and healthy controls matched for age, sex, handedness, and cognitive status congruent with the literature and known Parkinson’s disease pathology. A general linear model revealed distinct microstructural alterations associated with poor bimanual coordination in Parkinson’s disease, corrected for multiple comparisons using a permutation-based approach. Integrating known functional topography, we conclude that distinct changes in microstructure cause an impediment of structures involved in attention, working memory, executive function, motor planning, motor control, and visual processing contributing to impaired bimanual coordination in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A. Loehrer
- Correspondence to: Philipp A. Loehrer Department of Neurology Philipps-University Marburg, Baldinger Str 35043 Marburg, Germany E-mail:
| | - Immo Weber
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carina R. Oehrn
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Haidar S. Dafsari
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Knake
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Belke
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Whole-brain white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4558. [PMID: 35296777 PMCID: PMC8927329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Using principal component analysis to first determine the possible personality profiles onto which core personality measures would load, we subsequently searched for whole-brain white matter correlations with these profiles. We found three personality profiles that correlated with the integrity of white matter tracts. The correlates of an “optimistic” personality profile suggest (a) an intricate network for self-referential processing that helps regulate negative affect and maintain a positive outlook on life, (b) a sustained capacity for visually tracking rewards in the environment and (c) a motor readiness to act upon the conviction that desired rewards are imminent. The correlates of a “short-term approach behavior” profile was indicative of minimal loss of integrity in white matter tracts supportive of lifting certain behavioral barriers, possibly allowing individuals to act more outgoing and carefree in approaching people and rewards. Lastly, a “long-term approach behavior” profile’s association with white matter tracts suggests lowered sensitivity to transient updates of stimulus-based associations of rewards and setbacks, thus facilitating the successful long-term pursuit of goals. Together, our findings yield convincing evidence that subjective well-being has its manifestations in the brain.
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13
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Radwan AM, Sunaert S, Schilling K, Descoteaux M, Landman BA, Vandenbulcke M, Theys T, Dupont P, Emsell L. An atlas of white matter anatomy, its variability, and reproducibility based on constrained spherical deconvolution of diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119029. [PMID: 35231632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual dissection of white matter (WM) using diffusion MRI tractography is confounded by its poor reproducibility. Despite the increased adoption of advanced reconstruction models, early region-of-interest driven protocols based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) remain the dominant reference for virtual dissection protocols. Here we bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive description of typical WM anatomy reconstructed using a reproducible automated subject-specific parcellation-based approach based on probabilistic constrained-spherical deconvolution (CSD) tractography. We complement this with a WM template in MNI space comprising 68 bundles, including all associated anatomical tract selection labels and associated automated workflows. Additionally, we demonstrate bundle inter- and intra-subject variability using 40 (20 test-retest) datasets from the human connectome project (HCP) and 5 sessions with varying b-values and number of b-shells from the single-subject Multiple Acquisitions for Standardization of Structural Imaging Validation and Evaluation (MASSIVE) dataset. The most reliably reconstructed bundles were the whole pyramidal tracts, primary corticospinal tracts, whole superior longitudinal fasciculi, frontal, parietal and occipital segments of the corpus callosum and middle cerebellar peduncles. More variability was found in less dense bundles, e.g., the fornix, dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRTT), and premotor pyramidal tract. Using the DRTT as an example, we show that this variability can be reduced by using a higher number of seeding attempts. Overall inter-session similarity was high for HCP test-retest data (median weighted-dice = 0.963, stdev = 0.201 and IQR = 0.099). Compared to the HCP-template bundles there was a high level of agreement for the HCP test-retest data (median weighted-dice = 0.747, stdev = 0.220 and IQR = 0.277) and for the MASSIVE data (median weighted-dice = 0.767, stdev = 0.255 and IQR = 0.338). In summary, this WM atlas provides an overview of the capabilities and limitations of automated subject-specific probabilistic CSD tractography for mapping white matter fasciculi in healthy adults. It will be most useful in applications requiring a reproducible parcellation-based dissection protocol, and as an educational resource for applied neuroimaging and clinical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Radwan
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and pathology, Translational MRI, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and pathology, Translational MRI, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium; UZ Leuven, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Schilling
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Bennett A Landman
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center (UPC), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Theys
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Leuven, Belgium; UZ Leuven, Department of Neurosurgery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louise Emsell
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and pathology, Translational MRI, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center (UPC), Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Stein F, Buckenmayer E, Brosch K, Meller T, Schmitt S, Ringwald KG, Pfarr JK, Steinsträter O, Enneking V, Grotegerd D, Heindel W, Meinert S, Leehr EJ, Lemke H, Thiel K, Waltemate L, Winter A, Hahn T, Dannlowski U, Jansen A, Nenadić I, Krug A, Kircher T. Dimensions of Formal Thought Disorder and Their Relation to Gray- and White Matter Brain Structure in Affective and Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:902-911. [PMID: 35064667 PMCID: PMC9212109 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Factorial dimensions and neurobiological underpinnings of formal thought disorders (FTD) have been extensively investigated in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, FTD are also highly prevalent in other disorders. Still, there is a lack of knowledge about transdiagnostic, structural brain correlates of FTD. In N = 1071 patients suffering from DSM-IV major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or SSD, we calculated a psychopathological factor model of FTD based on the SAPS and SANS scales. We tested the association of FTD dimensions with 3 T MRI measured gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) using regression and interaction models in SPM12. We performed post hoc confirmatory analyses in diagnostically equally distributed, age- and sex-matched sub-samples to test whether results were driven by diagnostic categories. Cross-validation (explorative and confirmatory) factor analyses revealed three psychopathological FTD factors: disorganization, emptiness, and incoherence. Disorganization was negatively correlated with a GMV cluster comprising parts of the middle occipital and angular gyri and positively with FA in the right posterior cingulum bundle and inferior longitudinal fascicle. Emptiness was negatively associated with left hippocampus and thalamus GMV. Incoherence was negatively associated with FA in bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, and positively with the hippocampal part of the right cingulum bundle. None of the gray or white matter associations interacted with diagnosis. Our results provide a refined mapping of cross-disorder FTD phenotype dimensions. For the first time, we demonstrated that their neuroanatomical signatures are associated with language-related gray and white matter structures independent of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Stein
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany; tel: +49-6421-58 63831, fax: +49-6421-58 65197, e-mail:
| | - Elena Buckenmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Gustav Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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15
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Sunderaraman P, Gazes Y, Ortiz G, Langfield C, Mensing A, Chapman S, Joyce JL, Brickman AM, Stern Y, Cosentino S. Financial decision-making and self-awareness for financial decision-making is associated with white matter integrity in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:1630-1639. [PMID: 34984770 PMCID: PMC8886641 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Financial decision-making (FDM) and awareness of the integrity of one's FDM abilities (or financial awareness) are both critical for preventing financial mistakes. We examined the white matter correlates of these constructs and hypothesized that the tracts connecting the temporal-frontal regions would be most strongly correlated with both FDM and financial awareness. Overall, 49 healthy older adults were included in the FDM analysis and 44 in the financial awareness analyses. The Objective Financial Competency Assessment Inventory was used to measure FDM. Financial awareness was measured by integrating metacognitive ratings into this inventory and was calculated as the degree of overconfidence or underconfidence. Diffusion tensor imaging data were processed with Tracts Constrained by Underlying Anatomy distributed as part of the FreeSurfer analytic suite, which produced average measures of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in 18 white matter tracts along with the overall tract average. As expected, FDM showed the strongest negative associations with average mean diffusivity measure of the superior longitudinal fasciculus -temporal (SLFT; r = -.360, p = .011) and -parietal (r = -.351, p = .014) tracts. After adjusting for FDM, only the association between financial awareness and average mean diffusivity measure of the right SLFT (r = .310, p = .046) was significant. Overlapping white matter tracts were involved in both FDM and financial awareness. More importantly, these preliminary findings reinforce emerging literature on a unique role of right hemisphere temporal connections in supporting financial awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sunderaraman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gema Ortiz
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Langfield
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley Mensing
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Chapman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jillian L Joyce
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Gertrude. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Thalamic dopamine D2-receptor availability in schizophrenia: a study on antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1233-1240. [PMID: 34759359 PMCID: PMC9054658 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological and genetic evidence support a role for an involvement of the dopamine D2-receptor (D2-R) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous molecular imaging studies have suggested lower levels of D2-R in thalamus, but results are inconclusive. The objective of the present study was to use improved methodology to compare D2-R density in whole thalamus and thalamic subregions between first-episode psychosis patients and healthy controls. Differences in thalamocortical connectivity was explored based on the D2-R results. 19 antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis patients and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were examined using high-resolution Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and the high-affinity D2-R radioligand [11C]FLB457. The main outcome was D2-R binding potential (BPND) in thalamus, and it was predicted that patients would have lower binding. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in a subgroup of 11 patients and 15 controls. D2-R binding in whole thalamus was lower in patients compared with controls (Cohen's dz = -0.479, p = 0.026, Bayes Factor (BF) > 4). Among subregions, lower BPND was observed in the ROI representing thalamic connectivity to the frontal cortex (Cohen's dz = -0.527, p = 0.017, BF > 6). A meta-analysis, including the sample of this study, confirmed significantly lower thalamic D2-R availability in patients. Exploratory analyses suggested that patients had lower fractional anisotropy values compared with controls (Cohen's d = -0.692, p = 0.036) in the inferior thalamic radiation. The findings support the hypothesis of a dysregulation of thalamic dopaminergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia, and it is hypothesized that this could underlie a disturbance of thalamocortical connectivity.
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17
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Differentiating white matter measures that protect against vs. predispose to bipolar disorder and other psychopathology in at-risk youth. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2207-2216. [PMID: 34285367 PMCID: PMC8505429 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly heritable. Identifying objective biomarkers reflecting pathophysiological processes predisposing to, versus protecting against BD, can help identify BD risk in offspring of BD parents. We recruited 21 BD participants with a first-degree relative with BD, 25 offspring of BD parents, 27 offspring of comparison parents with non-BD psychiatric disorders, and 32 healthy offspring of healthy parents. In at-risk groups, 23 had non-BD diagnoses and 29, no Axis-I diagnoses(healthy). Five at-risk offspring who developed BD post scan(Converters) were included. Diffusion imaging(dMRI) analysis with tract segmentation identified between-group differences in the microstructure of prefrontal tracts supporting emotional regulation relevant to BD: forceps minor, anterior thalamic radiation(ATR), cingulum bundle(CB), and uncinate fasciculus(UF). BD participants showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right CB (anterior portion) than other groups (q < 0.05); and in bilateral ATR (posterior portion) versus at-risk groups (q < 0.001). Healthy, but not non-BD, at-risk participants showed significantly higher FA in bilateral ATR clusters than healthy controls (qs < 0.05). At-risk groups showed higher FA in these clusters than BD participants (qs < 0.05). Non-BD versus healthy at-risk participants, and Converters versus offspring of BD parents, showed lower FA in the right ATR cluster (qs < 0.05). Low anterior right CB FA in BD participants versus other groups might result from having BD. High bilateral ATR FA in at-risk groups, and in healthy at-risk participants, versus healthy controls might protect against BD/other psychiatric disorders. Absence of elevated right ATR FA in non-BD versus healthy at-risk participants, and in Converters versus non-converter offspring of BD parents, might lower protection against BD in at-risk groups.
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18
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Cruz-Sanabria F, Reyes PA, Triviño-Martínez C, García-García M, Carmassi C, Pardo R, Matallana DL. Exploring Signatures of Neurodegeneration in Early-Onset Older-Age Bipolar Disorder and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:713388. [PMID: 34539558 PMCID: PMC8446277 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.713388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Older-age bipolar disorder (OABD) may involve neurocognitive decline and behavioral disturbances that could share features with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), making the differential diagnosis difficult in cases of suspected dementia. Objective: To compare the neuropsychological profile, brain morphometry, and structural connectivity patterns between patients diagnosed with bvFTD, patients classified as OABD with an early onset of the disease (EO-OABD), and healthy controls (HC). Methods: bvFTD patients (n = 25, age: 66 ± 7, female: 64%, disease duration: 6 ± 4 years), EO-OABD patients (n = 17, age: 65 ± 9, female: 71%, disease duration: 38 ± 8 years), and HC (n = 28, age: 62 ± 7, female: 64%) were evaluated through neuropsychological tests concerning attention, memory, executive function, praxis, and language. Brain morphometry was analyzed through surface-based morphometry (SBM), while structural brain connectivity was assessed through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Results: Both bvFTD and EO-OABD patients showed lower performance in neuropsychological tests of attention, verbal fluency, working memory, verbal memory, and praxis than HC. Comparisons between EO-OABD and bvFTD showed differences limited to cognitive flexibility delayed recall and intrusion errors in the memory test. SBM analysis demonstrated that several frontal, temporal, and parietal regions were altered in both bvFTD and EO-OABD compared to HC. In contrast, comparisons between bvFTD and EO-OABD evidenced differences exclusively in the right temporal pole and the left entorhinal cortex. DTI analysis showed alterations in association and projection fibers in both EO-OABD and bvFTD patients compared to HC. Commissural fibers were found to be particularly affected in EO-OABD. The middle cerebellar peduncle and the pontine crossing tract were exclusively altered in bvFTD. There were no significant differences in DTI analysis between EO-OABD and bvFTD. Discussion: EO-OABD and bvFTD may share an overlap in cognitive, brain morphometry, and structural connectivity profiles that could reflect common underlying mechanisms, even though the etiology of each disease can be different and multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francy Cruz-Sanabria
- Department of Translational Research, New Surgical, and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Neurosciences Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Alexander Reyes
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cristian Triviño-Martínez
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, Aging Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena García-García
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Pardo
- Neurosciences Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana L Matallana
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, Aging Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Mental Health Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe, Bogotá, Colombia.,Memory and Cognition Clinic, Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
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19
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Injuries in Left Corticospinal Tracts, Forceps Major, and Left Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (Temporal) as the Quality Indicators for Major Depressive Disorder. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:2348072. [PMID: 34462632 PMCID: PMC8403055 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2348072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not clear. Studies have found that the risk of first-degree relatives of MDD is 2-3 times that of the general population. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been previously used to explore the pathogenesis of MDD. The purpose of this study is to explore the etiology of MDD by DTI and further to explore the correlation between its clinical characteristics and the structural changes of white matter in the brain. The study included 27 first-episode, drug-naive patients with MDD, 16 first-degree relatives without MDD, and 28 healthy control subjects with no family history of MDD (HC). Results showed that the fractional anisotropy (FA) differences among the three groups were mainly in the left anterior thalamic radiation (LATR), right anterior thalamic radiation (RATR), left corticospinal tracts (LCST), forceps major (FMa), right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (RILF), and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (temporal) (LSLF(T)). Among the 6 sites, LCST, FMa, and LSLF(T) showed significant differences between MDD and First-degree relatives compared to HC. MDD patients had significant emotional symptoms, somatic symptoms, and cognitive impairment. FMa FA was significantly positively correlated with delayed memory score (r = 0.43, P = 0.031), and RILF FA was significantly negatively correlated with the FSS score (r = -0.42, P = 0.028). These results revealed that the white matter characteristics of MDD-susceptible patients were LCST, FMa, and LSLF(T) lesions, all of which may be quality indicators of MDD.
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20
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Rasmussen ID, Boayue NM, Mittner M, Bystad M, Grnli OK, Vangberg TR, Csifcsák G, Aslaksen PM. High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Delayed Memory in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Pilot Study Using Computational Modeling to Optimize Electrode Position. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:753-769. [PMID: 34366347 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal stimulation parameters when using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve memory performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking. In healthy individuals, inter-individual differences in brain anatomy significantly influence current distribution during tDCS, an effect that might be aggravated by variations in cortical atrophy in AD patients. OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of individualized HD-tDCS in AD patients. METHODS Nineteen AD patients were randomly assigned to receive active or sham high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS). Computational modeling of the HD-tDCS-induced electric field in each patient's brain was analyzed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The chosen montage provided the highest net anodal electric field in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). An accelerated HD-tDCS design was conducted (2 mA for 3×20 min) on two separate days. Pre- and post-intervention cognitive tests and T1 and T2-weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data at baseline were analyzed. RESULTS Different montages were optimal for individual patients. The active HD-tDCS group improved significantly in delayed memory and MMSE performance compared to the sham group. Five participants in the active group had higher scores on delayed memory post HD-tDCS, four remained stable and one declined. The active HD-tDCS group had a significant positive correlation between fractional anisotropy in the anterior thalamic radiation and delayed memory score. CONCLUSION HD-tDCS significantly improved delayed memory in AD. Our study can be regarded as a proof-of-concept attempt to increase tDCS efficacy. The present findings should be confirmed in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Daae Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Geropsychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
| | - Nya Mehnwolo Boayue
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Matthias Mittner
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Bystad
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Geropsychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
| | - Ole K Grnli
- Department of Geropsychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
| | - Torgil Riise Vangberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University hospital of North Norway, Norway.,PET Center, University hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gábor Csifcsák
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per M Aslaksen
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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21
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Vakhtin AA, Zhang Y, Wintermark M, Ashford JW, Furst AJ. Distant histories of mild traumatic brain injury exacerbate age-related differences in white matter properties. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:30-41. [PMID: 34371285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined associations of distant histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with non-linear and linear trajectories of white matter (WM) properties across a wide age range (23-77). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data obtained from 171 Veterans with histories of clinically diagnosed mTBIs and 115 controls were subjected to tractography, isolating 20 major WM tracts. Non-linear and linear effects of age on each tract's diffusion properties were examined in terms of their interactions with group (mTBI and control). The non-linear model revealed 7 tracts in which the mTBI group's DTI metrics rapidly deviated from control trajectories in middle and late adulthoods, despite the injuries having occurred in the late 20s, on average. In contrast, no interactions between prior injuries and age were detected when examining linear trajectories. Distant mTBIs may thus accelerate normal age-related trajectories of WM degeneration much later in life. As such, life-long histories of head trauma should be assessed in all patients in their mid-to-late adulthoods, whether neurologically healthy or presenting with seemingly unrelated neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Yu Zhang
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Max Wintermark
- Neuroradiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John W Ashford
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ansgar J Furst
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Polytrauma System of Care, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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22
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Andica C, Kamagata K, Kirino E, Uchida W, Irie R, Murata S, Aoki S. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging reveals white matter microstructural alterations in adults with autism. Mol Autism 2021; 12:48. [PMID: 34193257 PMCID: PMC8247240 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidences suggesting the association between behavioral anomalies in autism and white matter (WM) microstructural alterations are increasing. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used to infer tissue microstructure. However, due to its lack of specificity, the underlying pathology of reported differences in DTI measures in autism remains poorly understood. Herein, we applied neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to quantify and define more specific causes of WM microstructural changes associated with autism in adults. Methods NODDI (neurite density index [NDI], orientation dispersion index, and isotropic volume fraction [ISOVF]) and DTI (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity [MD], axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity [RD]) measures were compared between autism (N = 26; 19 males and 7 females; 32.93 ± 9.24 years old) and age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD; N = 25; 17 males and 8 females; 34.43 ± 9.02 years old) groups using tract-based spatial statistics and region-of-interest analyses. Linear discriminant analysis using leave-one-out cross-validation (LDA-LOOCV) was also performed to assess the discriminative power of diffusion measures in autism and TD. Results Significantly lower NDI and higher ISOVF, suggestive of decreased neurite density and increased extracellular free-water, respectively, were demonstrated in the autism group compared with the TD group, mainly in commissural and long-range association tracts, but with distinct predominant sides. Consistent with previous reports, the autism group showed lower FA and higher MD and RD when compared with TD group. Notably, LDA-LOOCV suggests that NDI and ISOVF have relatively higher accuracy (82%) and specificity (NDI, 84%; ISOVF, 88%) compared with that of FA, MD, and RD (accuracy, 67–73%; specificity, 68–80%). Limitations The absence of histopathological confirmation limit the interpretation of our findings. Conclusions Our results suggest that NODDI measures might be useful as imaging biomarkers to diagnose autism in adults and assess its behavioral characteristics. Furthermore, NODDI allows interpretation of previous findings on changes in WM diffusion tensor metrics in individuals with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Andica
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kirino
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Uchida
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Irie
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syo Murata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Komazawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Izadi-Najafabadi S, Zwicker JG. White Matter Changes With Rehabilitation in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:673003. [PMID: 34149383 PMCID: PMC8209514 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.673003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulty learning motor skills, which can affect their participation in activities of daily living and psychosocial well-being. Over 50% of children with DCD also have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which further exacerbates their motor problems and impact on quality of life. A rehabilitation approach known as Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance uses problem-solving strategies to help children learn motor skills they wish to achieve. While this cognitive approach has been effective for children with DCD, few studies have examined the effectiveness of this approach for children with co-occurring ADHD. Further, the underlying mechanism and neural basis of this intervention are largely unknown. Methods: In this randomized waitlist-controlled trial, we used MRI to examine white matter microstructure after intervention in 8–12-year-old children with DCD (n = 28) and with DCD and co-occurring ADHD (n = 25). Children in both groups were randomized to either a treatment group or waitlist group at their first MRI. The treatment group began the intervention after their MRI scan and returned for a post-treatment scan at 3 months, and follow-up scan at 6 months; the waitlist group waited 3 months before their second MRI, received the intervention, and then had a post-treatment scan. Each child received intervention once weekly for 10 weeks. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to acquire white matter diffusion parameters and was analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Results and Conclusion: Children with DCD showed significant improvement in white matter microstructure in the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, bilateral sensorimotor tract, bilateral cingulum, fornix, splenium and body of corpus callosum, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and white matter pathways to bilateral inferior gyri, right middle frontal gyrus, frontal medial cortex, and left cuneus. We suggest that these rehabilitation-induced neural changes in children with DCD occurred in regions associated with attention, self-regulation, motor planning, and inter-hemispheric communication, which positively affected brain connectivity and motor function. In contrast, children with DCD and co-occurring ADHD did not show any brain changes following the intervention. Modifications to the treatment protocol might help address the attentional and self-regulatory needs of children with a dual diagnosis. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02597751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Izadi-Najafabadi
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Brain, Behaviour, and Development Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jill G Zwicker
- Brain, Behaviour, and Development Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Sunny Hill Health Centre at BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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24
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White matter network disruption and cognitive correlates underlying impaired memory awareness in mild cognitive impairment. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 30:102626. [PMID: 33780863 PMCID: PMC8039854 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits are insufficient for explaining memory anosognosia in MCI. Reasoning ability can be used as a basis for identifying memory anosognosia in MCI. Memory anosognosia in MCI is a white matter disconnection syndrome. Frontal-subcortical and callosal fibers are linked to memory anosognosia in MCI.
Decreased awareness of memory declines in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been linked to structural or functional changes in a wide gray matter network; however, the underlying white matter pathway correlations for the memory awareness deficits remain unknown. Moreover, consistent findings have not been obtained regarding the cognitive basis of disturbed awareness of memory declines in MCI. Due to the methodological drawbacks (e.g., correlational analysis without controlling confounders related to clinical status, a problem related to the representativeness of the control group) of previous studies on the aforementioned topic, further investigation is required. To addressed the research gaps, this study investigated white matter microstructural integrity and the cognitive correlates of memory awareness in 87 older adults with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The patients with MCI and healthy controls (HCs) were divided into two subgroups, namely those with normal awareness (NA) and poor awareness (PA) for memory deficit, according to the discrepancy scores calculated from the differences between subjective and objective memory evaluations. Only the results for HCs with NA (HC-NA) were compared with those for the two MCI groups (i.e., MCI-NA and MCI-PA). The three groups were matched on demographic and clinical variables. An advanced diffusion imaging technique—diffusion spectrum imaging—was used to investigate the integrity of the white matter tract. The results revealed that although the HC-NA group outperformed the two MCI groups on several cognitive tests, the two MCI groups exhibited comparable performance across different neuropsychological tests, except for the test on reasoning ability. Compared with the other two groups, the MCI-PA group exhibited lower integrity in bilateral frontal-striatal fibers, left anterior thalamocortical radiations, and callosal fibers connecting bilateral inferior parietal regions. These results could not be explained by gray matter morphometric differences. Overall, the results indicated that mnemonic anosognosia was not sufficient to explain the memory awareness deficits observed in the patients with MCI. Our brain imaging findings also support the concept of anosognosia for memory deficit as a disconnection syndrome in MCI.
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25
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Stantonyonge N, Sampedro F, Méndez J, Martínez-Horta S, Chico A, Gómez-Anson B. Structural Gray and White Matter Differences in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:450-458. [PMID: 33180907 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, where severe hypoglycemia (SH) and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) may play a role. While there is evidence of a possible association between IAH and brain damage, the potential brain changes remain poorly characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there are structural brain differences in a group of T1D patients with IAH compared with normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH). DESIGN General practice, population-based, cross-sectional study (July 2018 to July 2019). SETTING Endocrinology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau. PARTICIPANTS A total of 40 T1D patients (20 each with IAH and NAH) matched for age, sex, T1D duration, and education level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using different neuroimaging techniques, we compared whole-brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences. We used voxel-based morphometry and cortical surface area analysis methods to assess GM differences, and fractional anisotropy (FA) to assess WM differences. RESULTS Compared with patients with T1D-NAH, patients with T1D-IAH had reduced GM volumes and cortical surface areas, especially in frontal and parietal regions (P < 0.05 corrected), and also showed reduced FA values in major WM tracts. The observed MRI differences correlated with both SH frequency and IAH severity. CONCLUSIONS MRI for patients with T1D show that IAH is associated with brain changes involving both GM and WM. Further research is needed to elucidate whether the observed differences are a consequence of increased SH episode frequency and increased IAH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stantonyonge
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Sampedro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBER-NED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Méndez
- Neuroradiology, Radiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saül Martínez-Horta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBER-NED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Chico
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Anson
- Neuroradiology, Radiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Tian F, Wang X, Long X, Roberts N, Feng C, Yue S, Jia Z. The Correlation of Reduced Fractional Anisotropy in the Cingulum With Suicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:707622. [PMID: 34803753 PMCID: PMC8595246 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.707622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the significant alterations in brain white matter integrity in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) who had attempted suicide by applying a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach with tensor-based spatial normalization. Methods: A TBSS approach with novel tensor-based registration was used to compare the white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) between 51 individuals with BD, of whom 19 had attempted suicide, and 43 healthy controls (HC). The suicide attempt was assessed with the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). In addition, we also investigated the correlations of FA values with clinical measures in BD, including illness duration, and the severity of depression and anxiety measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), respectively. Results: A significant reduction of FA value in the hippocampal cingulum was observed in BD individuals who had attempted suicide compared with those who had not. For the genu/body of the corpus callosum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and anterior thalamic radiation, the reductions in FA values were significantly greater in both BD subgroups who attempted suicide and who did not, compared to HC. The correlation analysis showed that the illness duration of attempters was correlated to the FA value of the genu of the corpus callosum, while the HAMD and HAMA scores of non-attempters were relevant to the FA of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Conclusion: The observation that white matter integrity was altered in the hippocampal cingulum in BD individuals who attempted suicide suggested that this brain area may be the neurobiological basis of suicide attempts. Our findings also support the involvement of white matter (WM) microstructure of frontal-subcortical circuits in the neurobiological mechanism of BD. In addition, the illness duration of patients with attempted suicide may have an effect on the altered integrity of the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xipeng Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Neil Roberts
- School of Clinical Sciences, The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Can Feng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Suping Yue
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Yoshikawa H, Kitamura S, Matsuoka K, Takahashi M, Ishida R, Kishimoto N, Yasuno F, Yasuda Y, Hashimoto R, Miyasaka T, Kichikawa K, Kishimoto T, Makinodan M. Adverse Childhood Experience Is Associated With Disrupted White Matter Integrity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:823260. [PMID: 35046859 PMCID: PMC8761790 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.823260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) than typically developed (TD) children. Since multiple lines of studies have suggested that ACEs are related to myelination in the frontal lobe, an exposure to ACEs can be associated with white matter microstructural disruption in the frontal lobe, which may be implicated in subsequential psychological deficits after the adulthood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ACEs and microstructural integrity on frontal lobe-related white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging in 63 individuals with ASD and 38 TD participants. Using a tractography-based analysis, we delineated the uncinate fasciculus (UF), dorsal cingulum (Ci), and anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), which are involved in the neural pathology of ASD, and estimated each diffusion parameter. Compared to the TD participants, individuals with ASD displayed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the left ATR. Then, ASD individuals exposed to severe ACEs displayed higher RD than those exposed to mild ACEs and TD participants in the left ATR. Moreover, the severity of ACEs, particularly neglect, correlated with lower FA and higher RD in the left UF and ATR in individuals with ASD, which was not observed in TD participants. These results suggest that an exposure to ACEs is associated with abnormality in the frontal lobe-related white matter in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Rio Ishida
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Naoko Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasuno
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Cooperation Foster, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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28
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Koreki A, Niida R, Niida A, Yamagata B, Anamizu S, Mimura M. Comparison of White Matter Structure of Drug-Naïve Patients With Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder Using Diffusion Tensor Tractography. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:714502. [PMID: 35237182 PMCID: PMC8882824 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of microstructural white matter (WM) abnormalities in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) has previously been reported. However, the interpretation of data is challenging because pharmacological treatment has a potential effect on WM integrity. To date, no study has compared the differences in WM structure among drug-naïve BD patients, drug-naïve major depression disorder (MDD) patients, and healthy controls (HC) using the visual evaluation method of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). METHODS This retrospective study included 12 drug-naïve patients with BD, 15 drug-naïve patients with MDD, and 27 age- and sex-matched HC individuals. Visual evaluation, fractional anisotropy (FA), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were analysed in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) as a tract of interest using the optimal follow-up truncation threshold. They were also analysed in the cingulate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and fornix. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the FA or ADC of any tract. However, visual evaluation revealed poorer depiction of ATR in patients with BD than in patients with MDD and HC individuals (p = 0.004). Our post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between BD and HC patients (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS The visual evaluation method of DTT revealed poor depiction of ATR in patients with BD compared with HC individuals and MDD patients, suggesting microstructural WM abnormalities of ATR in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Koreki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Richi Niida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomigusuku, Japan
| | - Akira Niida
- Department of Radiology, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomigusuku, Japan
| | - Bun Yamagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Anamizu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Denier N, Walther S, Schneider C, Federspiel A, Wiest R, Bracht T. Reduced tract length of the medial forebrain bundle and the anterior thalamic radiation in bipolar disorder with melancholic depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:8-14. [PMID: 32469836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The supero-lateral medial forebrain bundle (slMFB) and the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) play a core role in reward anticipation and motivational processes. In this study, the slMFB and the ATR were investigated in a group of depressed bipolar disorder (BD) and in healthy controls (HC) using tract length as a measure of fibre geometry and fractional anisotropy (FA) as a measure of white matter microstructure. We hypothesized reduced tract length and FA of the slMFB and the ATR in BD. We expect alterations to be driven by the melancholic subtype. METHODS Nineteen depressed patients with BD and 19 HC matched for age and gender underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based tractography was used to reconstruct bilateral slMFB and ATR. Mean tract length and FA were computed for the slMFB and the ATR. Mixed-model ANCOVAs and post-hoc ANCOVAs, controlling for age and intracranial volume, were used to compare tract length and FA of bilateral slMFB and ATR between HC and BD and between HC and subgroups with melancholic and non-melancholic symptoms. RESULTS In BD we found a significantly shortened tract length of the right slMFB and ATR in BD compared to HC. Subgroup analyses showed that these findings were driven by the melancholic subgroup. Mean-FA did not differ between HC and BD. LIMITATIONS Sample size CONCLUSIONS: Tract length of the right slMFB and the right ATR is reduced in BD. Those changes of fibre geometry are driven by the melancholic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklaus Denier
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schneider
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bracht
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Training-Induced Neuroplasticity in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-020-00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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