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Arango-de-Montis I, Reyes-Soto A, Rosales-Lagarde A, Eraña-Díaz ML, Vázquez-Mendoza E, Rodríguez-Delgado A, Muñoz-Delgado J, Vázquez-Mendoza I, Rodriguez-Torres EE. Automatic detection of facial expressions during the Cyberball paradigm in Borderline Personality Disorder: a pilot study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1354762. [PMID: 38895036 PMCID: PMC11184241 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1354762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms include inappropriate control of anger and severe emotional dysregulation after rejection in daily life. Nevertheless, when using the Cyberball paradigm, a tossing game to simulate social exclusion, the seven basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, disgust, and contempt) have not been exhaustively tracked out. It was hypothesized that these patients would show anger, contempt, and disgust during the condition of exclusion versus the condition of inclusion. When facial emotions are automatically detected by Artificial Intelligence, "blending", -or a mixture of at least two emotions- and "masking", -or showing happiness while expressing negative emotions- may be most easily traced expecting higher percentages during exclusion rather than inclusion. Therefore, face videos of fourteen patients diagnosed with BPD (26 ± 6 years old), recorded while playing the tossing game, were analyzed by the FaceReader software. The comparison of conditions highlighted an interaction for anger: it increased during inclusion and decreased during exclusion. During exclusion, the masking of surprise; i.e., displaying happiness while feeling surprised, was significantly more expressed. Furthermore, disgust and contempt were inversely correlated with greater difficulties in emotion regulation and symptomatology, respectively. Therefore, the automatic detection of emotional expressions during both conditions could be useful in rendering diagnostic guidelines in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Arango-de-Montis
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Reyes-Soto
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Rosales-Lagarde
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
- Dirección Adjunta de Investigación Humanística y Científica, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marta-Lilia Eraña-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Vázquez-Mendoza
- Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Delgado
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jairo Muñoz-Delgado
- Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vázquez-Mendoza
- Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Jarutiene L, Adomaitiene V, Steibliene V, Juodeikiene G, Cernauskas D, Klupsaite D, Lele V, Milasauskiene E, Bartkiene E. Specifics of the Emotional Response of Patients Suffering From Major Depressive Disorder to Imagined Basic Tastes of Food. Front Psychol 2022; 13:820684. [PMID: 35197907 PMCID: PMC8860301 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common disease that negatively affects the life quality of many people around the world. As MDD symptoms are closely related with the changes in food and eating, the relation between patients’ emotional responses and food tastes could be used as criteria for diagnostic. Until now, studies on the emotional response to different food tastes for patients affected by MDD have been poorly described in literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the emotional response of patients suffering from MDD to the imagined different food tastes and to compare the results with a control group. Emotional responses in tested participants were induced by using cards with words of basic food tastes such as “sweet,” “salty,” “bitter,” “sour,” and “neutral.” The assessment of emotional response was performed with FaceReader 6 software. The outcome of this study showed that participants with MDD expressed lower “happy” and “contempt” and higher “surprised” emotions, along with a higher negative valence mean, in comparison with controls for all tested basic tastes of food (p ≤ 0.05). When Likert scale was used, significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) in response were only found for “sour” and “salty” imaginary tastes between healthy group and patients with MDD. The findings of this study provide the additional data on food–associated emotion analysis of MDD patients and could be useful for the further development of the contactless method for early diagnosis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jarutiene
- Psychiatry Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Vesta Steibliene
- Psychiatry Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Grazina Juodeikiene
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Darius Cernauskas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vita Lele
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Milasauskiene
- Psychiatry Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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