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Bao H, Wang C, Xue X, Hu B, Guo Q. CB1 receptor mediates anesthetic drug ketamine‑induced neuroprotection against glutamate in HT22 cells. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:268. [PMID: 38756904 PMCID: PMC11097274 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The anesthetic drug, ketamine (KTM) has been shown to induce therapeutic effects against major depressive disorder (MDD), however the related underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, HT22 neuronal cells were treated with glutamate to imitate oxidative stress injury in MDD, and it was hypothesized that the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor mediates KTM-induced neuroprotection via ameliorating mitochondrial function in glutamate-treated neuronal cells. Compared with the control, glutamate decreased cell viability and intracellular antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 levels, and inhibited mitochondrial function simultaneously. Moreover, glutamate increased lactate dehydrogenase release, cellular apoptosis level, cleaved caspase-3 expression and intracellular oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species, oxidized GSH and mitochondrial superoxide in the cells. The presence of KTM, however, significantly decreased the glutamate-induced oxidative stress injury, ameliorated the antioxidant/oxidant levels in the cells, enhanced mitochondrial function and upregulated CB1 receptor expression (P<0.05). Co-administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 markedly abolished the KTM-induced cytoprotective effects and ameliorations of antioxidant/oxidant levels and mitochondrial function, and also reversed CB1 upregulation (P<0.05). These observations indicated that KTM decreases the oxidative stress injury caused by glutamate in HT22 neuronal cells, and the neuroprotective effects may be mediated by the CB1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Hausman HK, Alexander GE, Cohen R, Marsiske M, DeKosky ST, Hishaw GA, O'Shea A, Kraft JN, Dai Y, Wu S, Woods AJ. tDCS reduces depression and state anxiety symptoms in older adults from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT). Brain Stimul 2024; 17:283-311. [PMID: 38438012 PMCID: PMC11110843 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological interventions for depression and anxiety in older adults often have significant side effects, presenting the need for more tolerable alternatives. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising non-pharmacological intervention for depression in clinical populations. However, its effects on depression and anxiety symptoms, particularly in older adults from the general public, are understudied. OBJECTIVE We conducted a secondary analysis of the Augmenting Cognitive Training in Older Adults (ACT) trial to assess tDCS efficacy in reducing psychological symptoms in older adults. We hypothesized that active stimulation would yield greater reductions in depression and state anxiety compared to sham post-intervention and at the one-year follow-up. We also explored tDCS effects in subgroups characterized by baseline symptom severity. METHODS A sample of 378 older adults recruited from the community completed a 12-week tDCS intervention with cognitive or education training. Electrodes were placed at F3/F4, and participants received active or sham tDCS during training sessions. We assessed the association between tDCS group and changes in depression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety from baseline to post-intervention and one-year controlling for covariates. RESULTS The active tDCS group demonstrated greater reductions in depression and state anxiety compared to sham post-intervention, particularly in individuals with mild depression and moderate/severe state anxiety at baseline. Furthermore, the active tDCS group with moderate/severe state anxiety maintained greater symptom reductions at one-year. CONCLUSIONS tDCS effectively reduced depression and state anxiety symptoms in a large sample of older adults. These findings highlight the importance of considering symptom severity when identifying those who may benefit most from this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Hausman
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA; Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica N Kraft
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Samuel Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Pan R, Ye S, Zhong Y, Chen Q, Cai Y. Transcranial alternating current stimulation for the treatment of major depressive disorder: from basic mechanisms toward clinical applications. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1197393. [PMID: 37731669 PMCID: PMC10507344 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1197393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-pharmacological treatment is essential for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) that is medication resistant or who are unable to take medications. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that manipulates neural oscillations. In recent years, tACS has attracted substantial attention for its potential as an MDD treatment. This review summarizes the latest advances in tACS treatment for MDD and outlines future directions for promoting its clinical application. We first introduce the neurophysiological mechanism of tACS and its novel developments. In particular, two well-validated tACS techniques have high application potential: high-definition tACS targeting local brain oscillations and bifocal tACS modulating interarea functional connectivity. Accordingly, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of tACS modulation for MDD. We sort out the local oscillation abnormalities within the reward network and the interarea oscillatory synchronizations among multiple MDD-related networks in MDD patients, which provide potential modulation targets of tACS interventions. Furthermore, we review the latest clinical studies on tACS treatment for MDD, which were based on different modulation mechanisms and reported alleviations in MDD symptoms. Finally, we discuss the main challenges of current tACS treatments for MDD and outline future directions to improve intervention target selection, tACS implementation, and clinical validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengfeng Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pedraz-Petrozzi B, Sardinha H, Gilles M, Deuschle M. Effects of left anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in depression: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5619. [PMID: 37024593 PMCID: PMC10079657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of left anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity in individuals with depression. We conducted a 3-week, randomized, triple-blind pilot trial with 47 participants (dropout rate: 14.89%) randomly assigned to either the tDCS or control group (sham stimulation). Salivary cortisol was used as an HPAA activity marker since cortisol is the effector hormone of the HPAA. The primary outcome was the effect of tDCS on the diurnal cortisol pattern (DCP and area under the curve with respect to ground -AUCg-). Secondary outcomes included tDCS effects on cortisol awakening response (CAR) and cortisol decline (CD), as well as the variation of cortisol concentrations between the initiation of tDCS and 2 weeks later. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were conducted. Our primary outcome showed an absent effect of tDCS on DCP and AUCg. Additionally, tDCS had an absent effect on CAR, CD, and cortisol concentration variation before-after stimulation. Our pilot study suggests that anodal tDCS showed an absent effect on HPAA activity in individuals with depression. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Stress, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Helena Sardinha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Stress, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Gilles
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Stress, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Deuschle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Stress, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Zhang L, Xuan R, Chen Q, Zhao Q, Shi Z, Du J, Zhu C, Yu F, Ji G, Wang K. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates eye gaze on emotional faces in college students with alexithymia: An eye-tracking study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110521. [PMID: 35104607 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical eye gaze on emotional faces is a core feature of alexithymia. The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is considered to be the neurophysiological basis of alexithymia-related emotional face fixation. Our aim was to examine whether anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) administered to the right (r)IFG would facilitate eye gaze of emotional faces in alexithymia individuals. METHOD Forty individuals with alexithymia were equally assigned to anodal or sham HD-tDCS of the rIFG according to the principle of randomization. The individuals then completed a free-viewing eye tracking task (including happy, sad, and neutral faces) before and after 5 consecutive days of stimulation (twice a day). RESULTS The results showed that twice a day anodal HD-tDCS of the rIFG significantly increased the fixation time and fixation count of the eye area on happy and neutral faces, but there was no significant effect on sad faces. According to the temporal-course analysis, after the intervention, the fixation time on neutral faces increased significantly at almost all time points of the eye tracking task. For happy faces, the improvement was demonstrated between 500 and 1000 ms and between 2500 and 3500 ms. For sad faces, the fixation time improved but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS Applying high-dose anodal HD-tDCS to the rIFG selectively facilitated eye gaze in the eye area of neutral and happy faces in individuals with alexithymia, which may improve their face processing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhulin Shi
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinmei Du
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - FengQiong Yu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Gongjun Ji
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China.
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Zhao Q, Guo Q, Shi Z, Cai Z, Zhang L, Li D, Chen Q, Du J, Wang K, Zhang L. Promoting gaze toward the eyes of emotional faces in individuals with high autistic traits using group cognitive behavioral therapy: An eye-tracking study. J Affect Disord 2022; 306:115-123. [PMID: 35304234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with subclinical autistic traits exhibit a pattern of eye avoidance similar to that of typical autism. Our study aimed to test the efficacy of group cognitive behavioral therapy (G-CBT) in promoting gaze toward the eye area of facial expressions, specifically orienting to emotional faces, in individuals with high autistic traits (high AT). METHODS Twenty-six high AT individuals and 30 low AT individuals participated. High AT individuals were assigned to eight sessions of G-CBT intervention. Eye-tracking measurements were acquired before and after treatment. RESULTS We observed the following: (a) the eye avoidance in high AT individuals was prominent for all facial expressions in relative to low AT individuals; (b) G-CBT primarily improved gaze toward the eyes of happy and fearful faces but not for neutral face expressions in high AT individuals; (c) after 8 sessions of G-CBT, the fixation time on the eyes of emotional faces improved significantly. For happy faces, the fixation time on the eyes of faces was markedly increased in epochs between 500 ms and 1000 ms after the face onset; for fearful faces, the improvement in participants existed between about 1000 ms and 1500 ms after the face appeared. LIMITATION Our results may not be generalized to other patients with ASD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that G-CBT significantly promotes gaze toward the eyes of emotional faces in high AT individuals. These results are encouraging, and suggest that the emotional face processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might stand to benefit from similar psychotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhao
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qianhui Guo
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhulin Shi
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhu Cai
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinmei Du
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Franca T, Andrea C, Arianna P, Teresa L, Eugenia G, Massimo B, Luca P, Silvana Z, Alessandro G, Domenico L, Patrizio P, Massimiliano M, Maddalena FM. Home treatment against fatigue in multiple sclerosis by a personalized, bilateral whole-body somatosensory cortex stimulation. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 63:103813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xiong S, Li W, Zhou Y, Ren H, Lin G, Zhang S, Xiang X. Vortioxetine Modulates the Regional Signal in First-Episode Drug-Free Major Depressive Disorder at Rest. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:950885. [PMID: 35845440 PMCID: PMC9277001 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.950885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on brain functional alterations associated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD) have produced conflicting results because they involved short treatment periods and a variety of compounds. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 25 first-episode drug-free patients with MDD and 25 healthy controls. The patients, who were treated with vortioxetine for 8 weeks, were scanned at two-time points (baseline and week 8 of treatment). The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the imaging data was used to analyze local brain signal alterations associated with antidepressant treatment. RESULTS Compared with the controls, the patients at baseline showed decreased ALFF values in the right inferior temporal gyrus and increased ALFF values in the left inferior cerebellum, right cingulate gyrus and postcentral gyrus. After 8 weeks of vortioxetine treatment, patients showed increased ALFF values in the bilateral cingulate gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, medial superior frontal gyrus, and inferior cerebellum. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence that vortioxetine modulates brain signals in MDD sufferers. These findings contribute to the understanding of how antidepressants effect brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Sheng Zhang
- Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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