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Silva R, Prata AP, Abreu W, Brandão T, Brandão S, Riklikiene O, Jarasiunaite-Fedosejeva G, González Mesa ES, Gökçe İsbir G, Inci F, Komurku B, Uriko K, Thompson G. Posttraumatic growth and its associations with perceived stress and core beliefs in women after traumatic childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Birth 2024. [PMID: 39155526 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic added new challenges and stressors to the childbirth period, potentially increasing the risk of traumatic childbirth experiences. There is little known about posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a childbearing population. This study describes PTG in women after traumatic childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with sociodemographic, birth-related characteristics, traumatic childbirth events, perceived stress, and core beliefs, as well as explores what factors predict PTG. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 202 women who self-identified as having experienced traumatic childbirth. Measures included sociodemographic and birth-related characteristics, traumatic childbirth events, self-reported stress during childbirth, the PTG Inventory, and the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI). RESULTS Perceived stress at the time of birth was very high in 70% of the respondents. CBI showed moderate disruption of core beliefs. 41.6% of mothers indicated substantial PTG. Education and type of birth were related to perceived stress levels; higher disruption of core beliefs was observed in individuals who experienced perineal trauma and lack of partners' presence during childbirth, and higher disruption of core beliefs was positively associated with PTG. Predictive models showed that perceived stress had a minimal effect, while the disruption of core beliefs showed a significant positive association with PTG. CONCLUSION Traumatic childbirth experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic were positively related to PTG. Health professionals should create an environment where women can explore their feelings and emotions. Changes in current practices are also necessary as cesareans have been shown to be highly associated with high levels of perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Silva
- Porto School of Nursing, CINTESIS (Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Prata
- Porto School of Nursing, CINTESIS (Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Wilson Abreu
- Porto School of Nursing, CINTESIS (Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Brandão
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Brandão
- Porto School of Nursing, CINTESIS (Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Riklikiene
- Medical Academy, Faculty of Nursing, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Ernesto S González Mesa
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Research Group in Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Epigenetics, Women's Diseases and Reproductive Health, Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gözde Gökçe İsbir
- School of Health, Midwifery Department, Mersin Üniversitesi İçel Sağlık Yüksekokulu Ebelik Bölümü, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Figen Inci
- Zübeyde Hanım Faculty of Health Sciences, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Burku Komurku
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Languages, History and Geography, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kristiina Uriko
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Gill Thompson
- Maternal and Infant Nutrition & Nurture group, School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Nagpal J, Rawat S. A community evaluation of post-partum quality of life using a locally adapted mother-generated-index: the Delhi Delivery Care (DELCARE) Survey (2009-2011). Women Health 2024; 64:471-485. [PMID: 38803047 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2024.2360427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Post-partum quality of life is an inadequately studied and poorly understood outcome of delivery care, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Hence, we evaluated the postpartum quality of life and its clinic-demographic context as part of a 3-stage cluster randomized community survey (DECLARE; covered quality of care as primary outcome) conducted in 2009-2011 in Delhi. In stage 1 of participant selection(sampling), 20 wards (of 150; geographically defined administrative units) were selected using a probability-proportionate-to-size systematic method. In stage 2, one from each income stratum (high, middle, and low; multiple colonies within each ward) was selected from each ward by simple random sampling (total 60 colonies of 2311). In stage 3, a house-to-house survey was conducted to recruit ~1800 recently delivered women for the multidimensional work, which included quality-of-care, cost-of-care, and PPQOL. Among the participants, those with high school or above education were invited to administer the Mother-Generated Index and calculate the primary and secondary index scores (PIS and SIS). A total of 794 (of 857 eligible; 118846 households) women were administered MGI. The mean PIS was 4.6[95 percent CI 4.4-4.7] while the average SIS was 4.0[95 percent CI 3.8-4.2]. The PIS was worse for primiparous vs. multiparous mothers. On multivariate analysis, poorer psychological state, obstetric complications, and premature delivery correlated with poorer QOL scores, while better gestational weight gain, higher age, and labor-pain relief correlated with better QOL scores. The study benchmarks the poor status of post-partum quality-of-life and documents the spectrum, severity, and complexity of its key social, psychological, physical, and demographic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Nagpal
- Departments of Pediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Swapnil Rawat
- Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
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Hijazi H, Al-Yateem N, Al Abdi R, Baniissa W, Alameddine M, Al-Sharman A, AlMarzooqi A, Subu MA, Ahmed FR, Hossain A, Sindiani A, Hayajneh Y. Assessing the Gap Between Women's Expectations and Perceptions of the Quality of Intrapartum Care in Jordan: A Two-Stage Study Using the SERVQUAL Model. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14103. [PMID: 38872450 PMCID: PMC11176592 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although Jordan has made significant progress toward expanding the utilization of facility-based intrapartum care, prior research highlights that poor service quality is still persistent. This study aimed to identify quality gaps between women's expectations and perceptions of the actual intrapartum care received, while exploring the contributing factors. METHODS Utilizing a pre-post design, quality gaps in intrapartum care were assessed among 959 women pre- and postchildbirth at a prominent tertiary hospital in northern Jordan. Data were gathered using the SERVQUAL scale, measuring service quality across reliability, responsiveness, tangibles, assurance, and empathy dimensions. RESULTS The overall mean gap score between women's expectations and perceptions of the quality of intrapartum care was -0.60 (±0.56). The lowest and highest mean gap scores were found to be related to tangibles and assurance dimensions, -0.24 (±0.39) and -0.88 (±0.35), respectively. Significant negative quality gaps were identified in the dimensions of assurance, empathy, and responsiveness, as well as overall service quality (p < 0.001). The MLR analyses highlighted education (β = 0.61), mode of birth (β = -0.60), admission timing (β = -0.41), continuity of midwifery care (β = -0.43), physician's gender (β = -0.62), active labour duration (β = 0.37), and pain management (β = -0.33) to be the key determinants of the overall quality gap in intrapartum care. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the importance of fostering a labour environment that prioritizes enhancing caregivers' empathetic, reassuring, and responsive skills to minimize service quality gaps and enhance the overall childbirth experience for women in Jordan. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This paper is a collaborative effort involving women with lived experiences of childbirth, midwives, and obstetrics and gynaecologist physicians. The original idea, conceptualization, data generation, and coproduction, including manuscript editing, were shaped by the valuable contributions of stakeholders with unique perspectives on intrapartum care in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Hijazi
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rabah Al Abdi
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wegdan Baniissa
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Alham Al-Sharman
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alounoud AlMarzooqi
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Muhammad Arsyad Subu
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Fatma Refaat Ahmed
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Critical Care and Emergency Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Amer Sindiani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynsecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yaseen Hayajneh
- Ancell School of Business, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, Connecticut, USA
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Horsch A, Garthus-Niegel S, Ayers S, Chandra P, Hartmann K, Vaisbuch E, Lalor J. Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder: definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:S1116-S1127. [PMID: 38233316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Psychological birth trauma and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder represent a substantial burden of disease with 6.6 million mothers and 1.7 million fathers or co-parents affected by childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder worldwide each year. There is mounting evidence to indicate that parents who develop childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder do so as a direct consequence of a traumatic childbirth experience. High-risk groups, such as those who experience preterm birth, stillbirth, or preeclampsia, have higher prevalence rates. The main risks include antenatal factors (eg, depression in pregnancy, fear of childbirth, poor health or complications in pregnancy, history of trauma or sexual abuse, or mental health problems), perinatal factors (eg, negative subjective birth experience, operative birth, obstetrical complications, and severe maternal morbidity, as well as maternal near misses, lack of support, dissociation), and postpartum factors (eg, depression, postpartum physical complications, and poor coping and stress). The link between birth events and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder provides a valuable opportunity to prevent traumatic childbirths and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder from occurring in the first place. Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder is an extremely distressing mental disorder and has a substantial negative impact on those who give birth, fathers or co-parents, and, potentially, the whole family. Still, a traumatic childbirth experience and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder remain largely unrecognized in maternity services and are not routinely screened for during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In fact, there are gaps in the evidence on how, when, and who to screen. Similarly, there is a lack of evidence on how best to treat those affected. Primary prevention efforts (eg, screening for antenatal risk factors, use of trauma-informed care) are aimed at preventing a traumatic childbirth experience and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder in the first place by eliminating or reducing risk factors for childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Secondary prevention approaches (eg, trauma-focused psychological therapies, early psychological interventions) aim to identify those who have had a traumatic childbirth experience and to intervene to prevent the development of childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Tertiary prevention (eg, trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) seeks to ensure that people with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder are identified and treated to recovery so that childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder does not become chronic. Adequate prevention, screening, and intervention could alleviate a considerable amount of suffering in affected families. In light of the available research on the impact of childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder on families, it is important to develop and evaluate assessment, prevention, and treatment interventions that target the birthing person, the couple dyad, the parent-infant dyad, and the family as a whole. Further research should focus on the inclusion of couples in different constellations and, more generally, on the inclusion of more diverse populations in diverse settings. The paucity of national and international policy guidance on the prevention, care, and treatment of psychological birth trauma and the lack of formal psychological birth trauma services and training, highlight the need to engage with service managers and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Horsch
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department Woman-mother-child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne.
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM), Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susan Ayers
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabha Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joan Lalor
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Negero MG, Sibbritt D, Dawson A. Women's utilisation of quality antenatal care, intrapartum care and postnatal care services in Ethiopia: a population-based study using the demographic and health survey data. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1174. [PMID: 37337146 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to investigate the level and determinants of receiving quality antenatal care (ANC), intrapartum care, and postnatal care (PNC) services by women in Ethiopia. The quality of care a woman receives during ANC, intrapartum care, and PNC services affects the health of the woman and her child and her likelihood of seeking care in the future. METHODS Data from the nationally representative Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 were analysed for 5,527 mothers who gave birth within five years preceding the survey. We defined quality ANC as having: blood pressure measurement, urine and blood tests, informed of danger signs, iron supplementation, and nutritional counselling during ANC services; quality intrapartum care as having: a health facility birth, skilled birth assistance, and a newborn put to the breast within one hour of birth during intrapartum care services; and quality PNC as having: PNC within two days; cord examination; temperature measurement, and counselling on danger signs and breastfeeding of the newborn; and healthcare provider's observation of breastfeeding during PNC services. We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analyses specifying three-level models: a woman/household, a cluster, and an administrative region to determine predictors of each care quality. The analyses employed sampling weights and were adjusted for sampling design. RESULTS Thirty-six percent (n = 1,048), 43% (n = 1,485), and 21% (n = 374) women received quality ANC, intrapartum care and PNC services, respectively. Private healthcare facilities provided higher-quality ANC and PNC but poor-quality intrapartum care, compared to public health facilities. Having four or more ANC visits, commencing ANC during the first trimester, and higher women's education levels and household wealth indices were positive predictors of quality ANC use. Government health posts were less likely to provide quality ANC. Wealthier, urban-residing women with education and four or more ANC contacts were more likely to receive quality intrapartum care. Women who received quality ANC and skilled birth assistance were more likely to receive quality PNC. Teenage mothers were more likely to receive quality intrapartum care, but were less likely to receive quality PNC than mothers aged 20-49. CONCLUSIONS We recommend standardizing the contents of ANC provided in all healthcare facilities; and promoting early and four or more ANC contacts, effectiveness, sensitivity and vigilance of care provided to teenage mothers, and women's education and economic empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melese Girmaye Negero
- School of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Dawson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Leavy E, Cortet M, Huissoud C, Desplanches T, Sormani J, Viaux-Savelon S, Dupont C, Pichon S, Gaucher L. Disrespect during childbirth and postpartum mental health: a French cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:241. [PMID: 37046229 PMCID: PMC10091597 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the World Health Organisation (WHO) warned about mistreatment, disrespect and/or abuse during childbirth as early as 2014. This same year a social media movement with #payetonuterus brought to light the problematic of obstetrical violence in French speaking countries, and more specifically on issues of disrespect. The experience of care is an integral part of the quality of care, and perception on inadequate support during labour and loss of control in labour are some of the most frequently reported risk factors for childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD). Therefore, it seems crucial to study the associations between disrespect during childbirth and the mental well-being of mothers. METHODS We performed a multicentered cohort study using auto-questionnaires within a French perinatal network. The main outcome was women's report of disrespect during childbirth measured by the Behavior of the Mother's Caregivers - Satisfaction Questionnaire (BMC-SQ) 3 days and 2 months after childbirth. CB-PTSD and Postpartum Depression (PPD) were assessed 2 months after childbirth using respectively the Post-Traumatic Checklist Scale (PCLS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). RESULTS This study followed 123 mothers from childbirth to 2 months postpartum. Among them, 8.13% (n = 10/123) reported disrespect during childbirth at 3 days after childbirth. With retrospect, 10.56% (n = 13/123) reported disrespect during childbirth at 2 months postpartum, i.e. an increase of 31%. Some 10.56% (n = 13/123) of mothers suffered from postpartum depression, and 4.06% (n = 5/123) were considered to have CB-PTSD at 2 months after childbirth. Reported disrespect during childbirth 3 days after birth was significantly associated with higher CB-PTSD 2 months after birth (R2 = 0.11, F(1,117) = 15.14, p < 0.001 and β = 9.11, p = 0.006), PPD at 2 months after childbirth was positively associated to reported disrespect in the birth room, 3 days after birth (R2 = 0.04, F(1, 117) = 6.28, p = 0.01 and β = 3.36, p = 0.096). Meanwhile, PPD and CB-PTSD were significantly associated 2 months after childbirth (R2 = 0.41, F=(1,117) = 82.39, p < 0.01 and β = 11.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Disrespect during childbirth was associated with poorer mental health during the postpartum period. Given the high prevalence of mental health problems and the increased susceptibility to depression during the postpartum period, these correlational results highlight the importance of gaining a deeper awareness of healthcare professionals about behaviours or attitudes which might be experienced as disrespectful during childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leavy
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland47, av. de Champel, Geneva, CH-1206, Switzerland
| | - Marion Cortet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, F-69004, France
| | - Cyril Huissoud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère-Enfant, Bron, F-69500, France
| | - Thomas Desplanches
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland47, av. de Champel, Geneva, CH-1206, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Sormani
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland47, av. de Champel, Geneva, CH-1206, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Swann Pichon
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland47, av. de Champel, Geneva, CH-1206, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Gaucher
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland47, av. de Champel, Geneva, CH-1206, Switzerland.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère-Enfant, Bron, F-69500, France.
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1290, Lyon, F-69008, France.
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Raghavan A, Satyanarayana VA, Fisher J, Ganjekar S, Shrivastav M, Anand S, Sethi V, Chandra PS. Gender Transformative Interventions for Perinatal Mental Health in Low and Middle Income Countries-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12357. [PMID: 36231655 PMCID: PMC9564578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal mental health problems are linked to poor outcomes for mothers, babies and families. In the context of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), a leading risk factor is gender disparity. Addressing gender disparity, by involving fathers, mothers in law and other family members can significantly improve perinatal and maternal healthcare, including risk factors for poor perinatal mental health such as domestic violence and poor social support. This highlights the need to develop and implement gender-transformative (GT) interventions that seek to engage with men and reduce or overcome gender-based constraints. This scoping review aimed to highlight existing gender transformative interventions from LMIC that specifically aimed to address perinatal mental health (partner violence, anxiety or depression and partner support) and identify components of the intervention that were found to be useful and acceptable. This review follows the five-stage Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Six papers that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review (four from Africa and two from Asia). Common components of gender transformative interventions across studies included couple-based interventions and discussion groups. Gender inequity and related factors are a strong risk for poor perinatal mental health and the dearth of studies highlights the strong need for better evidence of GT interventions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Raghavan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 530068, India
| | - Veena A. Satyanarayana
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 530068, India
| | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Monash, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Sundarnag Ganjekar
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 530068, India
| | - Monica Shrivastav
- ROSHNI-Centre of Women Collectives led Social Action, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sarita Anand
- ROSHNI-Centre of Women Collectives led Social Action, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Vani Sethi
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Regional Office for South Asia, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Prabha S. Chandra
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 530068, India
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Anastasopoulou SV, Bonotis KS, Hatzoglou C, Dafopoulos KC, Gourgoulianis KI. Smoking Patterns and Anxiety Factors Among Women Expressing Perinatal Depression. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 3:198-206. [PMID: 35262057 PMCID: PMC8896174 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Relationships among perinatal depression occurring a number of weeks before and after childbirth and smoking have been identified. Depression may lead to the inability to abstain from smoking during pregnancy. Objectives: This study aims to determine factors affecting smoking during pregnancy revealing potential relationships between depression and smoking patterns during and after pregnancy. Methods: A total of 206 mothers participated in the study. Data were collected through self-reporting as respondents were asked to answer questionnaires during the 12th week of pregnancy, during the 30th week of pregnancy, after childbirth, and during the period after pregnancy. Relationships between smoking behavior, sociodemographic variables, and feelings of perinatal depression were examined using chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. A follow-up investigation has been conducted after 2 years revealing the percentage of women returning to their smoking habits. Results: Smokers before (B = 0.568; p = 0.026) and during pregnancy (B = 1.238; p = 0.009) were more likely to express depression before childbirth. Average daily cigarette consumption before (B = 1.110; p = 0.001) and during pregnancy (B = 1.167; p = 0.002) was associated with depression during pregnancy. Women who smoked during pregnancy reported significantly more depressive symptoms after pregnancy (B = 1.757; p = 0.005) compared with nonsmokers and smokers who abstained during pregnancy. Average daily cigarette consumption during pregnancy (B = 1.402; p = 0.002) affects the expression of depression after pregnancy. Women who smoked before pregnancy (B = 0.568; p = 0.025) and their average daily cigarette consumption before pregnancy (B = 1.465; p = 0.025) were highly associated with the inability to abstain from smoking during pregnancy. However, the knowledge of risks of maternal smoking during pregnancy (B = −1.110; p = 0.001) and medical consult on abstaining (B = −1.238; p = 0.009) reinforced the maternal attempt to quit smoking. The follow-up investigation revealed an elevated amount of women returning to previous smoking patterns. Discussion: Perinatal depression is associated with smoking patterns during pregnancy. Assessment of depression and smoking is needed throughout perinatal period to support the health of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria V. Anastasopoulou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
- *Address correspondence to: Sotiria V. Anastasopoulou, MSc, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece,
| | - Konstantinos S. Bonotis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos C. Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
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