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Wang M, Hua Y, Bai Y. A review of the application of exercise intervention on improving cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and clinical studies. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2024-0046. [PMID: 39029521 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, leading to sustained cognitive decline. An increasing number of studies suggest that exercise is an effective strategy to promote the improvement of cognition in AD. Mechanisms of the benefits of exercise intervention on cognitive function may include modulation of vascular factors by affecting cardiovascular risk factors, regulating cardiorespiratory health, and enhancing cerebral blood flow. Exercise also promotes neurogenesis by stimulating neurotrophic factors, affecting neuroplasticity in the brain. Additionally, regular exercise improves the neuropathological characteristics of AD by improving mitochondrial function, and the brain redox status. More and more attention has been paid to the effect of Aβ and tau pathology as well as sleep disorders on cognitive function in persons diagnosed with AD. Besides, there are various forms of exercise intervention in cognitive improvement in patients with AD, including aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and multi-component exercise. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to summarize the findings of the mechanisms of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with AD, and also discuss the application of different exercise interventions in cognitive impairment in AD to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the selection of exercise intervention in cognitive rehabilitation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
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Asadie M, Miri A, Badri T, Hosseini Nejad J, Gharechahi J. Dysregulated AEBP1 and COLEC12 Genes in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Brain Cortex and Peripheral Blood Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:37. [PMID: 38568322 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and cognitive impairment, often accompanied by alterations in mood, confusion, and, ultimately, a state of acute mental disturbance. The cerebral cortex is considered a promising area for investigating the underlying causes of AD by analyzing transcriptional patterns, which could be complemented by investigating blood samples obtained from patients. We analyzed the RNA expression profiles of three distinct areas of the brain cortex, including the frontal cortex (FC), temporal cortex (TC), and entorhinal cortex (EC) in patients with AD. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the three regions. The two genes with the most significant expression changes in the EC region were selected for assessing mRNA expression levels in the peripheral blood of late-onset AD patients using quantitative PCR (qPCR). We identified eight shared DEGs in these regions, including AEBP1 and COLEC12, which exhibited prominent changes in expression. Functional enrichment analysis uncovered a significant association of these DEGs with the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and processes related to angiogenesis. Importantly, we established a robust connection between the up-regulation of AEBP1 and COLEC12 in both the brain and peripheral blood. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the potential of AEBP1 and COLEC12 genes as effective diagnostic tools for distinguishing between late-onset AD patients and healthy controls. This study unveils the intricate interplay between AEBP1 and COLEC12 in AD and underscores their potential as markers for disease detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Asadie
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Miri
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taleb Badri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hosseini Nejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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You S, Lv T, Qin R, Hu Z, Ke Z, Yao W, Zhao H, Bai F. Neuro-Navigated rTMS Improves Sleep and Cognitive Impairment via Regulating Sleep-Related Networks' Spontaneous Activity in AD Spectrum Patients. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1333-1349. [PMID: 37601952 PMCID: PMC10439779 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s416992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives By examining spontaneous activity changes of sleep-related networks in patients with the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum with or without insomnia disorder (ID) over time via neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we revealed the effect and mechanism of rTMS targeting the left-angular gyrus in improving the comorbidity symptoms of the AD spectrum with ID. Methods A total of 34 AD spectrum patients were recruited in this study, including 18 patients with ID and the remaining 16 patients without ID. All of them were measured for cognitive function and sleep by using the cognitive and sleep subscales of the neuropsychiatric inventory. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation changes in sleep-related networks was revealed before and after neuro-navigated rTMS treatment between these two groups, and the behavioral significance was further explored. Results Affective auditory processing and sensory-motor collaborative sleep-related networks with hypo-spontaneous activity were observed at baseline in the AD spectrum with ID group, while substantial increases in activity were evident at follow-up in these subjects. In addition, longitudinal affective auditory processing, sensory-motor and default mode collaborative sleep-related networks with hyper-spontaneous activity were also revealed at follow-up in the AD spectrum with ID group. In particular, longitudinal changes in sleep-related networks were associated with improvements in sleep quality and episodic memory scores in AD spectrum with ID patients. Conclusion We speculated that left angular gyrus-navigated rTMS therapy may enhance the memory function of AD spectrum patients by regulating the spontaneous activity of sleep-related networks, and it was associated with memory consolidation in the hippocampus-cortical circuit during sleep. Clinical Trial Registration The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, registration ID: ChiCTR2100050496, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi You
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Lv
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruomeng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheqi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Ke
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weina Yao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Maleysm S, Pareek A, Jain V, Pareek A, Kaur R, Singh G. An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051398. [PMID: 37239068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population. It is characterized by cognitive decline, gradual neurodegeneration, and the development of amyloid-β (Aβ)-plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which constitute hyperphosphorylated tau. The early stages of neurodegeneration in AD include the loss of neurons, followed by synaptic impairment. Since the discovery of AD, substantial factual research has surfaced that outlines the disease's causes, molecular mechanisms, and prospective therapeutics, but a successful cure for the disease has not yet been discovered. This may be attributed to the complicated pathogenesis of AD, the absence of a well-defined molecular mechanism, and the constrained diagnostic resources and treatment options. To address the aforementioned challenges, extensive disease modeling is essential to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of AD, making it easier to design and develop effective treatment strategies. Emerging evidence over the past few decades supports the critical role of Aβ and tau in AD pathogenesis and the participation of glial cells in different molecular and cellular pathways. This review extensively discusses the current understanding concerning Aβ- and tau-associated molecular mechanisms and glial dysfunction in AD. Moreover, the critical risk factors associated with AD including genetics, aging, environmental variables, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, viral/bacterial infections, and psychiatric factors have been summarized. The present study will entice researchers to more thoroughly comprehend and explore the current status of the molecular mechanism of AD, which may assist in AD drug development in the forthcoming era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushmita Maleysm
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Ma C, Hong F, Yang S. Amyloidosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogeny, Etiology, and Related Therapeutic Directions. Molecules 2022; 27:1210. [PMID: 35209007 PMCID: PMC8876037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease has long been the predominant theory, suggesting that Alzheimer's disease is caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in the brain, leading to neuronal toxicity in the central nervous system (CNS). Because of breakthroughs in molecular medicine, the amyloid pathway is thought to be central to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, it is believed that altered biochemistry of the Aβ cycle remains a central biological feature of AD and is a promising target for treatment. This review provides an overview of the process of amyloid formation, explaining the transition from amyloid precursor protein to amyloid beta protein. Moreover, we also reveal the relationship between autophagy, cerebral blood flow, ACHE, expression of LRP1, and amyloidosis. In addition, we discuss the detailed pathogenesis of amyloidosis, including oxidative damage, tau protein, NFTs, and neuronal damage. Finally, we list some ways to treat AD in terms of decreasing the accumulation of Aβ in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Queen Marry College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330036, China
| | - Fenfang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 344099, China
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