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Del Dottore E, Mondini A, Rowe N, Mazzolai B. A growing soft robot with climbing plant-inspired adaptive behaviors for navigation in unstructured environments. Sci Robot 2024; 9:eadi5908. [PMID: 38232147 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adi5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Self-growing robots are an emerging solution in soft robotics for navigating, exploring, and colonizing unstructured environments. However, their ability to grow and move in heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) spaces, comparable with real-world conditions, is still developing. We present an autonomous growing robot that draws inspiration from the behavioral adaptive strategies of climbing plants to navigate unstructured environments. The robot mimics climbing plants' apical shoot to sense and coordinate additive adaptive growth via an embedded additive manufacturing mechanism and a sensorized tip. Growth orientation, comparable with tropisms in real plants, is dictated by external stimuli, including gravity, light, and shade. These are incorporated within a vector field method to implement the preferred adaptive behavior for a given environment and task, such as growth toward light and/or against gravity. We demonstrate the robot's ability to navigate through growth in relation to voids, potential supports, and thoroughfares in otherwise complex habitats. Adaptive twining around vertical supports can provide an escape from mechanical stress due to self-support, reduce energy expenditure for construction costs, and develop an anchorage point to support further growth and crossing gaps. The robot adapts its material printing parameters to develop a light body and fast growth to twine on supports or a tougher body to enable self-support and cross gaps. These features, typical of climbing plants, highlight a potential for adaptive robots and their on-demand manufacturing. They are especially promising for applications in exploring, monitoring, and interacting with unstructured environments or in the autonomous construction of complex infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Del Dottore
- Bioinspired Soft Robotics Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Mondini
- Bioinspired Soft Robotics Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Nick Rowe
- AMAP Laboratory, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Bioinspired Soft Robotics Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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Farhan M, Klimm F, Thielen M, Rešetič A, Bastola A, Behl M, Speck T, Lendlein A. Artificial Tendrils Mimicking Plant Movements by Mismatching Modulus and Strain in Core and Shell. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211902. [PMID: 37024772 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Motile organs have evolved in climbing plants enabling them to find a support and, after secure attachment, to reach for sunlight without investing in a self-supporting stem. Searching movements, the twining of stems, and the coiling of tendrils are involved in successful plant attachment. Such coiling movements have great potential in robotic applications, especially if they are reversible. Here, the underlying mechanism of tendril movement based on contractile fibers is reported, as illustrated by a function-morphological analysis of tendrils in several liana species and the encoding of such a principle in a core-shell multimaterial fiber (MMF) system. MMFs are composed of a shape-memory core fiber (SMCF) and an elastic shell. The shape-memory effect of the core fibers enables the implementation of strain mismatch in the MMF by physical means and provides thermally controlled reversible motion. The produced MMFs show coiling and/or uncoiling behavior, with a high reversible actuation magnitude of ≈400%, which is almost 20 times higher compared with similar stimuli for sensitive soft actuators. The movements in these MMFs rely on the crystallization/melting behavior of oriented macromolecules of SMCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Frederike Klimm
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Institute of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- FMF - Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Thielen
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Institute of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- FMF - Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andraž Rešetič
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Anil Bastola
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Institute of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- FMF - Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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Laschi C, Mazzolai B. Move imperceptibly. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1350-1351. [PMID: 36357690 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Laschi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Bioinspired Soft Robotics Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
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