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Schons SV, de Melo Souza TL, Dantas Filho JV, Ferreira E, da Rosa Prado EJ, Pfister J, Cook D, Riet-Correa F. Cecal dilatation in cattle ingesting Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cv. Mombaça and cv. Tanzânia. Toxicon 2024; 238:107586. [PMID: 38154489 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Nine outbreaks of cecal dilatation are reported in cattle in rotationally-grazed pastures of Megathyrsus maximus during the rainy season with one day grazing and rest intervals of 23-28 days. Clinical signs, observed 6-24 h after entering the pasture, were inappetence, long periods in sternal recumbency, rough hair coat, arched back, tenesmus with difficult defecation, dry stools, reduced ruminal movements, intestinal tympany with right abdominal distention, and decreased milk production. The animals recovered 8-12 h after their removal from the pastures. All pastures were fertilized at 80-120 kg/ha of urea/year. In six farms, in addition to urea, chicken litter (CL) was also added. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), non-fiber carbohydrates (NCF) and starch concentrations in the pastures causing tympany were higher (P < 0.05) than in control pastures. To demonstrate the relationship of the disease with fertilization of the pastures, a pasture of M. maximus was divided into five blocks of 16 m2 and each block subdivided into four plots each, totaling 20 plots. One plot of each block was randomly chosen for 1 of 4 different treatments: 1. fertilized with 8 t/ha of CL; 2. fertilized with 16 t/ha of CL; 3. fertilized with 180 kg/ha urea; 4. control without fertilization. In general, plots fertilized with urea or with CL had higher NFC and starch concentrations (p < 0,05) than the control plots. In another experiment a pasture of M. maximus was divided into 23 paddocks and rotationally grazed. Ten paddocks were fertilized with 180 kg/ha of urea and five fertilized with 8 t/ha of CL. The concentration of NFC and starch were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the pastures fertilized with urea and with urea plus CL. These results suggest that cecal dilatation may be caused by the high concentrations of NFC and starch in the pastures fertilized with urea and/or poultry litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro V Schons
- Centro de Diagnostico Animal, UNIR, Av. Norte-Sul 7300, Bairro Nova, Morada, Rolim de Moura, RO, 76940-000, Brazil
| | - Taciane Leticia de Melo Souza
- Programa de Mestrado Acadêmico Em Ciências Ambientais, UNIR, Av.Norte-Sul 7300, Bairro Nova Morada, Rolim de Moura, RO, 76940-000, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Vieira Dantas Filho
- Programa de Mestrado Acadêmico Em Ciências Ambientais, UNIR, Av.Norte-Sul 7300, Bairro Nova Morada, Rolim de Moura, RO, 76940-000, Brazil
| | - Elvino Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, UNIR, Av. Norte-Sul 7300, Bairro Nova Morada, Rolim de Moura, RO, 76940-000, Brazil
| | - Ed Johnny da Rosa Prado
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, UNIR, Av. Norte-Sul 7300, Bairro Nova Morada, Rolim de Moura, RO, 76940-000, Brazil
| | - James Pfister
- USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, United States
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 40170-110, Brazil.
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Magona C, Hassen A, Tesfamariam E, Visser C, Oosting S, van der Linden A. Evaluation of LiGAPS-Beef to assess extensive pasture-based beef production in three agro-ecological regions in South Africa. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Rumen fermentation and forage degradability in dairy cows offered perennial ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and white clover, or a multispecies forage. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Gunun N, Khejornsart P, Polyorach S, Kaewpila C, Kimprasit T, Sanjun I, Cherdthong A, Wanapat M, Gunun P. Utilization of Mao ( Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg.) Pomace Meal to Substitute Rice Bran on Feed Utilization and Rumen Fermentation in Tropical Beef Cattle. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110585. [PMID: 36356062 PMCID: PMC9692892 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing rice bran with mao pomace meal on feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in beef cattle. Four crossbred (50% Brahman × 50% Thai native) beef cattle with an initial body weight of 195 ± 13 kg and 16 months of age were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments included four levels of RB replacement with mao pomace meal at 0, 33, 67, and 100% in concentrate diets. Rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. Replacement of mao pomace meal with rice bran did not affect (p > 0.05) the intakes of concentrate, rice straw, and total dry matter intake. Ether extract intake decreased linearly when increasing the levels of mao pomace meal (p < 0.01). The experimental diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the digestibility of fiber and crude protein, while dry matter, organic matter, and ether extract digestibility decreased linearly in the group of mao pomace meal replacing rice bran (p < 0.05). Increasing levels of mao pomace meal in concentrate diets did not alter rumen pH, ammonia−nitrogen, or total volatile fatty acid concentration (p > 0.05). The proportion of propionate increased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas acetate and the acetate to propionate ratio decreased linearly (p < 0.05) when replacing rice bran with mao pomace meal. Moreover, the proportion of propionate was greatest, while acetate was lowest when mao pomace meal was included at 100% in the concentrate diet. In conclusion, the replacement of rice bran with mao pomace meal in a diet could enhance the efficiency of rumen fermentation. Nonetheless, it reduced the digestion of nutrients in tropical beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirawan Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand
| | - Pichad Khejornsart
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Polyorach
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Kaewpila
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
| | - Thachawech Kimprasit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
| | - Ittipol Sanjun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pongsatorn Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Paiva P, Rebelo L, Gomes R, Zanchetin M, Baroni A, Godoy H, Pereira-Junior S, Del Valle T, Abreu J, Zervoudakis J, Cabral L, Galati R. Nitrogen utilization and nutrient intake and digestibility can be improved in sheep fed cotton-burrs with crude glycerin. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Beef Steer Performance on Irrigated Monoculture Legume Pastures Compared with Grass- and Concentrate-Fed Steers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12081017. [PMID: 35454263 PMCID: PMC9032127 DOI: 10.3390/ani12081017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fall- or spring-born steers grazed monoculture irrigated birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; Lotus corniculatus L.) or cicer milkvetch (CMV; Astragalus cicer L.) pastures for approximately 12 weeks for 3 years and were compared with steers on concentrate diets. In the 3rd year, an irrigated meadow bromegrass (MBG; Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.) pasture treatment was added for further comparison. Steer average daily gain (ADG) was 1.31, 0.94, 0.83 and 0.69 kg d−1 on concentrate, ‘Norcen’ BFT, ‘Oberhaunstadter’ BFT, and ‘Monarch’ CMV diets, respectively; ADG on grass pastures was 0.43 kg d−1. The ADG on the concentrate diet was greater than ADG on legume or grass pastures, ADG was greater on BFT than CMV in every year (p < 0.03), and ADG on BFT was greater than ADG on grass (p < 0.03). The rate constant of gas production of an in vitro rumen fermentation demonstrated a slower rate of microbial digestion for CMV than for BFT. The elevated ADG on BFT pastures may be due to greater non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) concentration and reduced neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration combined with condensed tannins that protect proteins in the rumen but do not impede protein digestion in the abomasum and intestines.
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Rosmalia A, Permana IG, Despal D. Synchronization of rumen degradable protein with non-fiber carbohydrate on microbial protein synthesis and dairy ration digestibility. Vet World 2022; 15:252-261. [PMID: 35400940 PMCID: PMC8980391 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.252-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dairy ration formulations should consider the synchronization of the rumen degradable protein (RDP) to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) ratio (RDPR) with non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) to achieve optimum microbial protein synthesis (MPS), reduce feed costs, and reduce N excretion to the environment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RDPR and NFC synchronization on in vitro digestibility, fermentability, and MPS.
Materials and Methods: The experiment used a 3×3 factorial randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was RDPR (RDPR1=50:50; RDPR2=55:45; RDPR3=60:40) and the second factor was NFC levels (NFC1=30%, NFC2=35%, NFC3=40%). The experimental diets were evaluated using a two-stage in vitro method. The examined parameters included rumen pH, NH3 concentration, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, the molar proportion of VFAs, rumen microbes (protozoa and total bacteria population), and MPS. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the Duncan test.
Results: The results show that neither RDPR nor NFC affected rumen pH, NH3, total VFA, and the rumen microbe population. The interaction between RDPR and NFC affected the molar proportion of acetate, iso-butyrate, and n-valerate. The combination of RDPR1 and NFC1 produced a lower molar proportion of acetate (49.73%) than the other treatment combinations (>54%). The acetate to propionate ratio was influenced by the NFC levels, in which NFC2 and NFC3 produced the highest ratio (p<0.05). MPS was affected by RDPR and NFC, but not by their interaction. Treatments NFC2 and RDPR3 produced the highest MPS. NFC affected the dry matter and organic matter digestibility (DMD and OMD), with treatment NFC3 resulting in the highest DMD and OMD.
Conclusion: The combination of a 60:40 RDPR with 35% NFC resulted in the best synchronization of protein and energy available for MPS and digestion activity in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Rosmalia
- Nutrition and Feed Science Study Program, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Idat Galih Permana
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Despal Despal
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
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