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Vaher A, Kotta J, Stechele B, Kaasik A, Herkül K, Barboza FR. Modelling and mapping carbon capture potential of farmed blue mussels in the Baltic Sea region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174613. [PMID: 38997036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
This study applies a regional Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model, enhanced to include biocalcification processes, to evaluate the carbon capture potential of farmed blue mussels (Mytilus edulis/trossulus) in the Baltic Sea. The research emphasises the long-term capture of carbon associated with shell formation, crucial for mitigating global warming effects. The model was built using a comprehensive pan-Baltic dataset that includes information on mussel growth, filtration and biodeposition rates, and nutrient content. The study also examined salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll a as key environmental factors influencing carbon capture in farmed mussels. Our findings revealed significant spatial and temporal variability in carbon dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. The tested future predictions are grounded in current scientific understanding and projections of climate change effects on the Baltic Sea. Notably, the outer Baltic Sea subbasins exhibited the highest carbon capture capacity with an average of 55 t (in the present scenario) and 65 t (under future environmental conditions) of carbon sequestrated per farm (0.25 ha) over a cultivation cycle - 17 months. Salinity was the main driver of predicted regional changes in carbon capture, while temperature and chlorophyll a had more pronounced local effects. This research advances our understanding of the role low trophic aquaculture plays in mitigating climate change. It highlights the importance of developing location-specific strategies for mussel farming that consider both local and regional environmental conditions. The results contribute to the wider discourse on sustainable aquaculture development and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaleena Vaher
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Brecht Stechele
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ants Kaasik
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Kristjan Herkül
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Francisco R Barboza
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Franzén F, Strand Å, Stadmark J, Ingmansson I, Thomas JBE, Söderqvist T, Sinha R, Gröndahl F, Hasselström L. Governance hurdles for expansion of low trophic mariculture production in Sweden. AMBIO 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02033-4. [PMID: 38709449 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The study examines the governance of low trophic species mariculture (LTM) using Sweden as a case study. LTM, involving species such as seaweeds and mollusks, offers ecosystem services and nutritious foods. Despite its potential to contribute to blue growth and Sustainable Development Goals, LTM development in the EU and OECD countries has stagnated. A framework for mapping governance elements (institutions, structures, and processes) and analyzing governance objective (effective, equitable, responsive, and robust) was combined with surveys addressed to the private entrepreneurs in the sector. Analysis reveals ineffective institutions due to lack of updated legislation and guidance, resulting in ambiguous interpretations. Governance structures include multiple decision-making bodies without a clear coordination agency. Licensing processes were lengthy and costly for the private entrepreneurs, and the outcomes were uncertain. To support Sweden's blue bioeconomy, LTM governance requires policy integration, clearer direction, coordinated decision-making, and mechanisms for conflict resolution and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Franzén
- Tyrens AB, Folkungagatan 44, 118 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Strand
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet/IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg 566, 451 78, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Johanna Stadmark
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet/IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Box 530 21, 400 14, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste E Thomas
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tore Söderqvist
- Anthesis Enveco AB, Barnhusgatan 4, 111 23, Stockholm, Sweden
- Holmboe & Skarp AB, Norr Källstavägen 9, 148 96, Sorunda, Sweden
| | - Rajib Sinha
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Gröndahl
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linus Hasselström
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Weerathunga V, Liu LL, Yuan FL, Xu SX, Kao KJ, Huang WJ. Temporal variability of air-water gas exchange of carbon dioxide in clam and fish aquaculture ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170090. [PMID: 38246380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The growing trend of land-based aquaculture has heightened the significance of comprehensively assessing air-water carbon dioxide (CO2) gas exchange in these inland waters, given their potential impact on carbon neutral strategies. However, temporal variations of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 flux in clam and fish aquaculture ponds were barely investigated. We assessed the water surface pCO2 in one to five months intervals by deploying a lab-made buoy in three clam ponds and three fishponds located in tropical and subtropical climates. Measurements were conducted over a 24 h period each time, spanning from April 2021 to June 2022, covering the stocking, middle, and harvesting stages of the culture cycle. Diurnal pCO2 variations were dominantly controlled by biologically driven changes in dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity (~97 %), while temperature and salinity effects were minor (~3 %). Clam ponds acted as a sink of atmospheric CO2 during stocking stages and transitioned to a source during middle to harvesting stages. In contrast, fishponds acted as a source of atmospheric CO2 throughout culture cycles and CO2 flux strengthened when reaching harvesting stages. Overall, clam ponds acted as a weak sink for atmospheric CO2 (-2.8 ± 17.3 mmol m-2 d-1), whereas fishponds acted as a source (16.8 ± 21.7 mmol m-2 d-1). CO2 emission was stronger during daytime coinciding with higher windspeeds compared to nighttime in fishponds. We suggest incorporating high temporal resolution measurements to account for diurnal and culture-stage variations, enabling more accurate estimates of air-water CO2 flux in aquaculture ponds. Moreover, the findings of this study highlight the importance of feeding, aeration, and biological activities (photosynthesis, remineralization, and calcification) in controlling the air-water CO2 flux in aquaculture ponds and such information can be used in implementing better strategies to achieve carbon neutral goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veran Weerathunga
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Lian Liu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; NSYSU Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ling Yuan
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Xiang Xu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Kao
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Laudicella VA, Carboni S, Whitfield PD, Doherty MK, Hughes AD. Sexual dimorphism in the gonad lipidome of blue mussels (Mytilus sp.): New insights from a global lipidomics approach. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 48:101150. [PMID: 37913700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Blue mussels (Mytilus sp.) are an economically important species for European aquaculture. Their importance as a food source is expected to increase in the coming net-zero society due to their low environmental footprint; however, their production is affected by anthropogenic stressors and climate change. During reproduction, lipids are key molecules for mussels as they are the main source of energy on which newly hatched embryos depend in the first days of their development. In this work, blue mussels of different origins are analysed, focusing on the differences in lipid composition between the ovary (BMO) and the testis (BMT). The lipidome of blue mussel gonads (BMG) is studied here by combining traditional lipid profiling methods, such as fatty acid and lipid class analysis, with untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) lipidomics. The approach used here enabled the identification of 770 lipid molecules from 23 different lipid classes in BMG. BMT, which consists of billions of spermatocytes, had greater amounts of cell membrane and membrane lipid components such as FA18:0, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), free sterols (ST), ceramide phosphoethanolamines (CerPE), ceramide aminoethylphosphonates (CAEP), cardiolipins (CL), glycerophosphocholines (PC), glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE) and glycerophosphoserines (PS). In BMO, saturated fatty acids (FA14:0 and FA16:0), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and other storage components such as C18-PUFA accumulated in triradylglycerolipids (TG) and alkyldiacylglycerols (neutral plasmalogens, TG O-), which, together with terpenes, wax esters and cholesterol esters, make up most of oocytes yolk reserves. BMO also had higher levels of ceramides (Cer) and generally alkyl/alkenyl glycerophospholipids (mainly plasmanyl/plasmenyl PC), suggesting a role for these lipids in vitellogenesis. Non-methylene interrupted dienoic fatty acids (NMID FA), typically found in plasmalogens, were the only membrane-forming PUFA predominantly detected in BMO. The results of this study are of great importance for clarifying the lipid composition of BMG and provide an important basis for future studies on the reproductive physiology of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Alessandro Laudicella
- Scottish Association for Marine Sciences, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, PA34 1QA Oban, United Kingdom; National Institute for Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via Auguste Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste (TS), Italy.
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, United Kingdom; International Marine Center Foundation, Località Sa Mardini 09170, Oristano (Or), Italy
| | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, IV2 3JH Inverness, United Kingdom; Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, IV2 3JH Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Hughes
- Scottish Association for Marine Sciences, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, PA34 1QA Oban, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/@aquacultureadam
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Augyte S, Sims NA, Martin K, Van Wychen S, Panczak B, Alt H, Nelson R, Laurens LML. Tropical Red Macroalgae Cultivation with a Focus on Compositional Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3524. [PMID: 37895988 PMCID: PMC10609988 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
To create carbon efficient sources of bioenergy feedstocks and feedstuff for aquaculture and terrestrial livestock, it is critical to develop and commercialize the most efficient seaweed cultivation approach with a sustainable nutrient input supply. Here, we present data for a novel, onshore tropical macroalgae cultivation system, based on influent deep seawater as the nutrient and carbon sources. Two red algal species were selected, Agardhiella subulata and Halymenia hawaiiana, as the basis for growth optimization. Highest productivity in small-scale cultivation was demonstrated with A. subulata in the 10% deep seawater (64.7 µg N L-1) treatment, growing at up to 26% specific growth rate day-1 with highest yields observed at 247.5 g m-2 day-1 fresh weight. The highest yields for H. hawaiiana were measured with the addition of 10% deep seawater up to 8.8% specific growth rate day-1 and yields at 63.3 g fresh weight m-2 day-1 equivalent. Biomass should be culled weekly or biweekly to avoid density limitations, which likely contributed to a decrease in SGR over time. With a measured 30-40% carbon content of the ash-free dry weight (20-30% of the dry weight) biomass, this translates to an almost 1:1 CO2 capture to biomass ratio. The compositional fingerprint of the high carbohydrate content of both Agardhiella and Halymenia makes for an attractive feedstock for downstream biorefinery applications. By focusing on scaling and optimizing seaweed farming technologies for large-scale onshore farms, the opportunities for yield potential, adaptability to cultivation conditions, and meeting global sustainability goals through novel, carbon-negative biomass sources such as seaweed can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Augyte
- Ocean Era, Inc., Kailua-Kona, HI 96740, USA; (N.A.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Neil A. Sims
- Ocean Era, Inc., Kailua-Kona, HI 96740, USA; (N.A.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Keelee Martin
- Ocean Era, Inc., Kailua-Kona, HI 96740, USA; (N.A.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Stefanie Van Wychen
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (S.V.W.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.L.L.)
| | - Bonnie Panczak
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (S.V.W.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.L.L.)
| | - Hannah Alt
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (S.V.W.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.L.L.)
| | - Robert Nelson
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (S.V.W.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.L.L.)
| | - Lieve M. L. Laurens
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (S.V.W.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.L.L.)
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Franke A, Peters K, Hinkel J, Hornidge A, Schlüter A, Zielinski O, Wiltshire KH, Jacob U, Krause G, Hillebrand H. Making the
UN
Ocean Decade work? The potential for, and challenges of, transdisciplinary research and real‐world laboratories for building towards ocean solutions. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Franke
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB) Oldenburg Germany
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz‐Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Kimberley Peters
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB) Oldenburg Germany
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz‐Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) Bremerhaven Germany
- Institute for Social Sciences and Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl‐von‐Ossietzky University Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Jochen Hinkel
- Global Climate Forum Berlin Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer‐Institute, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Anna‐Katharina Hornidge
- German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) Bonn Germany
- Institute of Political Sciences and Sociology University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Achim Schlüter
- Social Science Department Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen Germany
- Department of Business and Economics Jacobs University Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Oliver Zielinski
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Center for Marine Sensors, Carl‐von‐Ossietzky University Oldenburg Wilhelmshaven Germany
- Marine Perception Department German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Oldenburg Germany
| | - Karen H. Wiltshire
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz‐Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Wadden Sea Station List/Sylt Germany
| | - Ute Jacob
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB) Oldenburg Germany
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz‐Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Gesche Krause
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz‐Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB) Oldenburg Germany
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz‐Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) Bremerhaven Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Plankton Ecology Lab, Carl‐von‐Ossietzky University Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
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Stenius I, Folkesson J, Bhat S, Sprague CI, Ling L, Özkahraman Ö, Bore N, Cong Z, Severholt J, Ljung C, Arnwald A, Torroba I, Gröndahl F, Thomas JB. A System for Autonomous Seaweed Farm Inspection with an Underwater Robot. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22135064. [PMID: 35808560 PMCID: PMC9269778 DOI: 10.3390/s22135064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper outlines challenges and opportunities in operating underwater robots (so-called AUVs) on a seaweed farm. The need is driven by an emerging aquaculture industry on the Swedish west coast where large-scale seaweed farms are being developed. In this paper, the operational challenges are described and key technologies in using autonomous systems as a core part of the operation are developed and demonstrated. The paper presents a system and methods for operating an AUV in the seaweed farm, including initial localization of the farm based on a prior estimate and dead-reckoning navigation, and the subsequent scanning of the entire farm. Critical data from sidescan sonars for algorithm development are collected from real environments at a test site in the ocean, and the results are demonstrated in a simulated seaweed farm setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Stenius
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SCI School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (J.F.)
| | - John Folkesson
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, EECS School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.I.S.); (L.L.); (Ö.Ö.); (N.B.); (Z.C.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Sriharsha Bhat
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SCI School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Christopher Iliffe Sprague
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, EECS School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.I.S.); (L.L.); (Ö.Ö.); (N.B.); (Z.C.); (I.T.)
| | - Li Ling
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, EECS School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.I.S.); (L.L.); (Ö.Ö.); (N.B.); (Z.C.); (I.T.)
| | - Özer Özkahraman
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, EECS School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.I.S.); (L.L.); (Ö.Ö.); (N.B.); (Z.C.); (I.T.)
| | - Nils Bore
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, EECS School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.I.S.); (L.L.); (Ö.Ö.); (N.B.); (Z.C.); (I.T.)
| | - Zheng Cong
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, EECS School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.I.S.); (L.L.); (Ö.Ö.); (N.B.); (Z.C.); (I.T.)
| | - Josefine Severholt
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SCI School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Carl Ljung
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SCI School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Arnwald
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SCI School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Ignacio Torroba
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, EECS School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.I.S.); (L.L.); (Ö.Ö.); (N.B.); (Z.C.); (I.T.)
| | - Fredrik Gröndahl
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, ABE School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.G.); (J.-B.T.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thomas
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, ABE School, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.G.); (J.-B.T.)
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