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Soharu A, Mittal RK, Sood VK, Dhaliwal YS, Sharma S. Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Cooking Quality, and Texture Profile Analysis in Himalayan Landraces of Black Gram (Vigna mungo). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024:10.1007/s11130-024-01227-1. [PMID: 39153162 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The black gram is a traditional pulse crop and is a source of different nutritional components. Due to the scientific community's preference for yield and its components, the area of nutritional composition remains unexplored. Therefore, the evaluation of various quality traits such as proximate composition, cooking quality, texture profile, and association between them is keen important for the identification of the traits influencing the selection of the genotypes. This research aimed at the evaluation of the 25 black gram genotypes for their proximate composition, the effect of different cooking methods (conventional and microwave) on cooking quality parameters, and texture profile analysis. The genotypes were screened on 17 parameters, mean and replicated value of each variable were subjected to statistical analysis. The results for proximate composition showed the range from 11.2-11.7%, 24.24-28.22%, 1.25-1.85%, 3.10-4.45%, 5.35-6.60%, 60.23-64.86% and 368.35-372.75 Kcal/100 g for moisture, protein, fat, dietary fiber, ash, utilizable carbohydrate, and gross energy respectively. Cooking time ranged from 33 to 55.5 min (traditional) to 29.5-48.5 min (microwave), L: B ratio from 1.35 to 1.85, WUR from 1.85 to 2.60, and GSL from 0.25 to 11.30%. TPA's cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness ranged from 0.19 to 1.44 N, 0.14-1.30 N, 0.58-3.67 N, 1.14-10.81 N, and 0.58-5.29; 1.16-10.50 N in traditional and microwave cooking. Chewiness, gumminess, protein, ash, and cooking time were positively correlated. The first seven PCs have ≥ 1 eigenvalues, accounting for 23.30, 18.00, 13.50, 9.50, 7.40, 6.70%, and 6.40% of total variability. Mandi-2, Kinnour-1, Kirmour-1, Kangra-2, Bilaspur-1, Kangra-3, Kullu-1, Kullu-4, Chamba-3, and Chamba-7 to PCs 1-2 contributed the most to diversity, indicating good selection for subsequent upgrading initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Soharu
- Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab , 144411, India
| | - Raj Kumar Mittal
- Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Sood
- Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Yadwinder Singh Dhaliwal
- Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Sunny Sharma
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
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D DD, Padhi SR, Gore PG, Tripathi K, Katral A, Chandora R, Abhishek GJ, Kondal V, Singh R, Bharadwaj R, Bhatt KC, Rana JC, Riar A. Nutritional Potential of Adzuki Bean Germplasm and Mining Nutri-Dense Accessions through Multivariate Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:4159. [PMID: 38002217 PMCID: PMC10670495 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), known for its rich nutritional composition, holds significant promise in addressing food and nutritional security, particularly for low socioeconomic classes and the predominantly vegetarian and vegan populations worldwide. In this study, we assessed a total of 100 diverse adzuki bean accessions, analyzing essential nutritional compounds using AOAC's official analysis procedures and other widely accepted standard techniques. Our analysis of variance revealed significant genotype variations for all the traits studied. The variability range among different traits was as follows: moisture: 7.5-13.3 g/100 g, ash: 1.8-4.2 g/100 g, protein: 18.0-23.9 g/100 g, starch: 31.0-43.9 g/100 g, total soluble sugar: 3.0-8.2 g/100 g, phytic acid: 0.65-1.43 g/100 g, phenol: 0.01-0.59 g/100 g, antioxidant: 11.4-19.7 mg/100 g GAE. Noteworthy accessions included IC341955 and EC15256, exhibiting very high protein content, while IC341957 and IC341955 showed increased antioxidant activity. To understand intertrait relationships, we computed correlation coefficients between the traits. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four principal components contributed to 63.6% of the variation. Further, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identified nutri-dense accessions, such as IC360533, characterized by high ash (>4.2 g/100 g) and protein (>23.4 g/100 g) content and low phytic acid (0.652 g/100 g). These promising compositions provide practical support for the development of high-value food and feed varieties using effective breeding strategies, ultimately contributing to improved global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika D D
- The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Siddhant Ranjan Padhi
- The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Padmavati G Gore
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ashvinkumar Katral
- The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rahul Chandora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - G J Abhishek
- The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vishal Kondal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Bharadwaj
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kailash C Bhatt
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
- Division of Plant Exploration and Germplasm Collection, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jai Chand Rana
- The Alliance of Bioversity International & CIAT-India Office, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amritbir Riar
- Department of International Cooperation, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
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John R, Bollinedi H, Jeyaseelan C, Padhi SR, Sajwan N, Nath D, Singh R, Ahlawat SP, Bhardwaj R, Rana JC. Mining nutri-dense accessions from rice landraces of Assam, India. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17524. [PMID: 37449133 PMCID: PMC10336429 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Indian subcontinent is the primary center of origin of rice where huge diversity is found in the Indian rice gene pool, including landraces. North Eastern States of India are home to thousands of rice landraces which are highly diverse and good sources of nutritional traits, but most of them remain nutritionally uncharacterized. Hence, nutritional profiling of 395 Assam landraces was done for total starch, amylose content (AC), total dietary fiber (TDF), total protein content (TPC), oil, phenol, and total phytic acid (TPA) using official AOAC and standard methods, where the mean content for the estimated traits were found to be 75.2 g/100g, 22.2 g/100g, 4.67 g/100g, 9.8 g/100g, 5.26%, 0.40 GAE g/100g, and 0.34 g/100g for respectively. The glycaemic index (GI) was estimated in 24 selected accessions, out of which 17 accessions were found to have low GI (<55). Among different traits, significant correlations were found that can facilitate the direct and indirect selection such as estimated glycemic index (EGI) and amylose content (-0.803). Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), revealed the similarities/differences in the nutritional attributes. Four principal components (PC) i.e., PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 were identified through principal component analysis (PCA) which, contributed 81.6% of the variance, where maximum loadings were from protein, oil, starch, and phytic acid. Sixteen clusters were identified through hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) from which the trait-specific and biochemically most distant accessions could be identified for use in cultivar development in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal John
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jai Chand Rana
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT – India Office, New Delhi, India
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Lazaridi E, Bebeli PJ. Cowpea Constraints and Breeding in Europe. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1339. [PMID: 36987026 PMCID: PMC10052078 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume with a constant rate of cultivation in Southern European countries. Consumer demand for cowpea worldwide is rising due to its nutritional content, while Europe is constantly attempting to reduce the deficit in the production of pulses and invest in new, healthy food market products. Although the climatic conditions that prevail in Europe are not so harsh in terms of heat and drought as in the tropical climates where cowpea is mainly cultivated, cowpea confronts with a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and yield-limiting factors in Southern European countries. In this paper, we summarize the main constraints for cowpea cultivation in Europe and the breeding methods that have been or can be used. A special mention is made of the availability plant genetic resources (PGRs) and their potential for breeding purposes, aiming to promote more sustainable cropping systems as climatic shifts become more frequent and fiercer, and environmental degradation expands worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Penelope J. Bebeli
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
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Padhi SR, John R, Bartwal A, Tripathi K, Gupta K, Wankhede DP, Mishra GP, Kumar S, Rana JC, Riar A, Bhardwaj R. Development and optimization of NIRS prediction models for simultaneous multi-trait assessment in diverse cowpea germplasm. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1001551. [PMID: 36211514 PMCID: PMC9539642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one such legume that can facilitate achieving sustainable nutrition and climate change goals. Assessing nutritional traits conventionally can be laborious and time-consuming. NIRS is a technique used to rapidly determine biochemical parameters for large germplasm. NIRS prediction models were developed to assess protein, starch, TDF, phenols, and phytic acid based on MPLS regression. Higher RSQexternal values such as 0.903, 0.997, 0.901, 0.706, and 0.955 were obtained for protein, starch, TDF, phenols, and phytic acid respectively. Models for all the traits displayed RPD values of >2.5 except phenols and low SEP indicating the excellent prediction of models. For all the traits worked, p-value ≥ 0.05 implied the accuracy and reliability score >0.8 (except phenol) ensured the applicability of the models. These prediction models will facilitate high throughput screening of large cowpea germplasm in a non-destructive way and the selection of desirable chemotypes in any genetic background with huge application in cowpea crop improvement programs across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Ranjan Padhi
- Division of Plant Genetic Resources, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Racheal John
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Arti Bartwal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Gupta
- Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Division of Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jai Chand Rana
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Region-Asia, India Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Amritbir Riar
- Department of International Cooperation, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rakesh Bhardwaj
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