MRI With Intratympanic Gadolinium: Comparison Between Otoneurological and Radiological Investigation in Menière's Disease

Neurofluids and the glymphatic system: anatomy, physiology, and imaging

First described in 2012, the glymphatic system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system, including nutrient delivery, waste clearance, and consistency of the ionic microenvironment. It is comprised of glial cells and barrier systems that modulate neurofluid production, circulation, and exchange. Experimental interrogation of neurofluid dynamics is restricted to ex vivo and in vitro studies in animals and humans, therefore diagnostic imaging plays an important role in minimally invasive evaluation. This review article will synthesize current knowledge and theories regarding neurofluid circulation and implications for neuroimaging. First, we will discuss the anatomy of the neurogliovascular unit, including paravascular and perivascular pathways of fluid exchange. In addition, we will summarize the structure and function of barrier systems including the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, and brain-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Next, we will mention physiologic factors that yield normal variations in neurofluid circulation, and how various disease pathologies can disrupt glymphatic drainage pathways. Lastly, we will cover the spectrum of diagnostic imaging and interventional techniques with relevance to glymphatic structure, flow, and function. We conclude by highlighting current barriers and future directions for translational imaging and applications to neurologic disorders.

Worldwide Meniere's disease research: A bibliometric analysis of the published literature between 2002 and 2021

Background

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of publications on Meniere's disease. However, there are no bibliometric research on Meniere's disease. The purpose of this study was to find the focus and trends of Meniere's disease research through bibliometric approach.

Methods

Publications related to Meniere's disease in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from 2002 to 2021 were collected. The bibliometric approach was used to estimate the searched data. Research foci of the studies were identified using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.

Results

A total of 1,987 articles meet the inclusion criteria and are included in the study. In the past 20 years, the number of Meniere's disease publications is gradually increasing, especially in the past 3 years. The country with the largest contribution to Meniere's disease research is the United States, followed by Europe and Japan. High-frequency keywords included Meniere's disease, endolymphaic hydrops, vertigo, meniere-disease, inner ear, dizziness, symptoms, hearing, diagnosis, and tentamicin. The analyses of keyword burst direction indicate that evoked myogenic potential, MRI, and committee are emerging research hotspots.

Conclusion

This study provides an objective, systematic, and comprehensive analysis of Meniere's disease-related literature. In addition, we find a dramatic increase in studies in this field over the past 3 years. Evoked myogenic potentials and MRI may become the research hotspots of Meniere's disease in future. This study will help otolaryngologists, neurologists, and audiologists to clarify the research direction and potential hotspots of Meniere's disease and further help clinicians improve patients' prognosis.