A more novel and powerful prognostic gene signature of lung adenocarcinoma determined from the immune cell infiltration landscape

Granulocytes and mast cells in AllergoOncology-Bridging allergy to cancer: An EAACI position paper

Derived from the myeloid lineage, granulocytes, including basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils, along with mast cells, play important, often disparate, roles across the allergic disease spectrum. While these cells and their mediators are commonly associated with allergic inflammation, they also exhibit several functions either promoting or restricting tumor growth. In this Position Paper we discuss common granulocyte and mast cell features relating to immunomodulatory functions in allergy and in cancer. We highlight key mechanisms which may inform cancer treatment and propose pertinent areas for future research. We suggest areas where understanding the communication between granulocytes, mast cells, and the tumor microenvironment, will be crucial for identifying immune mechanisms that may be harnessed to counteract tumor development. For example, a comprehensive understanding of allergic and immune factors driving distinct neutrophil states and those mechanisms that link mast cells with immunotherapy resistance, might enable targeted manipulation of specific subpopulations, leading to precision immunotherapy in cancer. We recommend specific areas of investigation in AllergoOncology and knowledge exchange across disease contexts to uncover pertinent reciprocal functions in allergy and cancer and allow therapeutic manipulation of these powerful cell populations. These will help address the unmet needs in stratifying and managing patients with allergic diseases and cancer.

CXCL10-based gene cluster model serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for premature ovarian failure

Objective

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a disease with high clinical heterogeneity. Subsequently, its diagnosis is challenging. CXCL10 which is a small signaling protein involved in immune response and inflammation may have diagnostic potential in detection of premature ovarian insufficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate CXCL10 based diagnostic biomarkers for POF.

Methods

Transcriptome data for POF was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE39501). Principal component analysis (PCA) assessed CXCL10 expression in patients with POF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, analyzed using PlotROC, demonstrated the diagnostic potential of CXCL10 and CXCL10-based models for POF. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the control group of POF were identified using DEbylimma. PlotVenn was used to determine the overlap between the POF-control group and the high-/low-expression CXCL10 groups. QuadrantPlot was employed to detect CXCL10-dysregulated genes in POF. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were conducted on DEGs using RunMulti Group cluster Profiler. A POF model was induced with cisplatin (DDP) using KGN cells. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of CXCL10, apoptosis-related proteins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway-related proteins in this model, following siRNA-mediated silencing of CXCL10. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the apoptosis of KGN cells after CXCL10 downregulation.

Results

The expression of CXCL10 is dysregulated in POF, and it shows promising diagnostic potential for POF, as evidenced by an area under the curve value of 1. In POF, we found 3,362 up-regulated and 3,969 down-regulated DEGs compared to healthy controls, while the high- and low-expression groups of POF (comprising samples above and below the median CXCL10 expression) exhibited 1,304 up-regulated and 1,315 down-regulated DEGs. Among these, 786 DEGs consistently displayed dysregulation in POF due to CXCL10 influence. Enrichment analysis indicated that the PPAR signaling pathway was activated by CXCL10 in POF. The CXCL10-based model (including CXCL10, Itga2, and Raf1) holds potential as a diagnostic biomarker for POF. Additionally, in the DDP-induced KGN cell model, interfering with CXCL10 expression promoted the secretion of estradiol, and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, CXCL10 silencing led to decreased expression levels of PPARβ and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 compared to the Si-NC group. These results suggest that CXCL10 influences the progression of POF through the PPAR signaling pathway.

Conclusion

The CXCL10-based model, demonstrating perfect diagnostic accuracy for POF and comprising CXCL10, Itga2, and Raf1, holds potential as a valuable diagnostic biomarker. Thus, the expression levels of these genes may collectively provide valuable diagnostic information for POF.

PCDH7 as the key gene related to the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis

Sarcopenia and osteoporosis, two degenerative diseases in older patients, have become severe health problems in aging societies. Muscles and bones, the most important components of the motor system, are derived from mesodermal and ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells. The adjacent anatomical relationship between them provides the basic conditions for mechanical and chemical signals, which may contribute to the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Identifying the potential common crosstalk genes between them may provide new insights for preventing and treating their development. In this study, DEG analysis, WGCNA, and machine learning algorithms were used to identify the key crosstalk genes of sarcopenia and osteoporosis; this was then validated using independent datasets and clinical samples. Finally, four crosstalk genes (ARHGEF10, PCDH7, CST6, and ROBO3) were identified, and mRNA expression and protein levels of PCDH7 in clinical samples from patients with sarcopenia, with osteoporosis, and with both sarcopenia and osteoporosis were found to be significantly higher than those from patients without sarcopenia or osteoporosis. PCDH7 seems to be a key gene related to the development of both sarcopenia and osteoporosis.

Correlation of tumor mutational burden with prognosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma

Background

Tumor mutational burden (TMB) plays an important role in the evaluation of immunotherapy efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Objective

To improve the clinical management of LUAD by investigating the prognostic value of TMB and the relationship between TMB and immune infiltration.

Methods

TMB scores were calculated from the mutation data of 587 LUAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and patients were divided into low-TMB and high-TMB groups based on the quartiles of the TMB score. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), immune cell infiltration and survival analysis were compared between the low-TMB and high-TMB groups. We queried the expression of genes in lung cancer tissues through the GEPIA online database and performed experimental validation of the function of aberrant genes expressed in lung cancer tissues.

Results

We obtained sample information from TCGA for 587 LUAD patients, and the results of survival analysis for the high- and low- TMB groups suggested that patients in the high-TMB group had lower survival rates than those in the low-TMB group. A total of 756 DEGs were identified in the study, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that DEGs in the low-TMB group were enriched in immune-related pathways. Among the differentially expressed genes obtained, 15 immune-related key genes were screened with the help of ImmPort database, including 5 prognosis-related genes (CD274, PDCD1, CTLA4, LAG3, TIGIT). No difference in the expression of PDCD1, CTLA4, LAG3, TIGIT in lung cancer tissues and differential expression of CD274 in lung cancer tissues.

Conclusions

The survival rate of LUAD patients with low TMB was better than that of LUAD patients with high TMB. CD274 expression was down regulated in human LUAD cell lines H1299, PC-9, A549 and SPC-A1, which inhibited malignant progression of A549 cells.

Prognosis and personalized treatment prediction in lung adenocarcinoma: An in silico and in vitro strategy adopting cuproptosis related lncRNA towards precision oncology

Background: There is a rapid increase in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD), and studies suggest associations between cuproptosis and the occurrence of various types of tumors. However, it remains unclear whether cuproptosis plays a role in LUAD prognosis. Methods: Dataset of the TCGA-LUAD was treated as training cohort, while validation cohort consisted of the merged datasets of the GSE29013, GSE30219, GSE31210, GSE37745, and GSE50081. Ten studied cuproptosis-related genes (CRG) were used to generated CRG clusters and CRG cluster-related differential expressed gene (CRG-DEG) clusters. The differently expressed lncRNA that with prognosis ability between the CRG-DEG clusters were put into a LASSO regression for cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature (CRLncSig). Kaplan-Meier estimator, Cox model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), time-dependent AUC (tAUC), principal component analysis (PCA), and nomogram predictor were further deployed to confirm the model's accuracy. We examined the model's connections with other forms of regulated cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. The immunotherapy ability of the signature was demonstrated by applying eight mainstream immunoinformatic algorithms, TMB, TIDE, and immune checkpoints. We evaluated the potential drugs for high risk CRLncSig LUADs. Real-time PCR in human LUAD tissues were performed to verify the CRLncSig expression pattern, and the signature's pan-cancer's ability was also assessed. Results: A nine-lncRNA signature, CRLncSig, was built and demonstrated owning prognostic power by applied to the validation cohort. Each of the signature genes was confirmed differentially expressed in the real world by real-time PCR. The CRLncSig correlated with 2,469/3,681 (67.07%) apoptosis-related genes, 13/20 (65.00%) necroptosis-related genes, 35/50 (70.00%) pyroptosis-related genes, and 238/380 (62.63%) ferroptosis-related genes. Immunotherapy analysis suggested that CRLncSig correlated with immune status, and checkpoints, KIR2DL3, IL10, IL2, CD40LG, SELP, BTLA, and CD28, were linked closely to our signature and were potentially suitable for LUAD immunotherapy targets. For those high-risk patients, we found three agents, gemcitabine, daunorubicin, and nobiletin. Finally, we found some of the CRLncSig lncRNAs potentially play a vital role in some types of cancer and need more attention in further studies. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest our cuproptosis-related CRLncSig can help to determine the outcome of LUAD and the effectiveness of immunotherapy, as well as help to better select targets and therapeutic agents.