1
|
Seo D, Lim S, Namgoong B, Choe A, Uhm H, Hong H, Lee N, Kim I, Kim M. Unilateral retrobulbar haemorrhage in a cat secondary to suspected anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1508. [PMID: 38889073 PMCID: PMC11185221 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A 6-month-old intact female mixed-breed kitten presented with severe exophthalmos of the left eye. Periocular lesions, including subconjunctival haemorrhage, third eyelid protrusion, and left eyelid oedema, were detected in the absence of globe retropulsion. The left intraocular pressure was increased, and ocular ultrasonography revealed ipsilateral retrobulbar fluid. Coagulation panels were markedly prolonged and severe anaemia was detected. Ultrasound-guided retrobulbar centesis performed to decrease intraocular pressure yielded blood. Based on the history and clinical findings, anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication was suspected. Treatment included partial tarsorrhaphy and the administration of topical antibiotics, artificial tears, and vitamin K1. Fresh whole blood and fresh frozen plasma were transfused for supportive therapy. Coagulation parameters improved after 7 days of hospitalisation. The periocular lesions resolved within 14 days, despite persistent optic nerve damage and blindness. This case report raises the possibility that anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity may result in retrobulbar haemorrhage in the absence of other typical cavitary bleeding. Although uncommon, anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity should be considered in cats with retrobulbar haemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeyun Seo
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lim
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Beomkwan Namgoong
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ahreum Choe
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Heesung Uhm
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyeajeong Hong
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Nanju Lee
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Isong Kim
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Min‐Su Kim
- Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahamat AB, Groud K, Djibrine SI, Soro SD, Fourel I, Rached A, Chatron N, Benoit E, Lattard V. Exposure and resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in invasive and endemic Chadian urban rodent species to develop a rational management strategy. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 38031300 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rodent management involves the use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). This use has resulted in the selection of numerous resistance alleles in the Vkorc1 gene, encoding the target enzyme of ARs. In Africa, although rodents are a major problem as a consequence of their transport and transmission of zoonotic pathogens, and damage to crops, the use of ARs and the spread of resistance alleles are poorly documented. We attempted to address both issues in Chad which is one of the largest countries in Africa. Owing to its location at the crossroads of central and northern Africa, Chad is representative of many African countries. METHODS Using a sampling of nearly 300 rodents composed of invasive and endemic rodents collected in six of Chad's largest cities, exposure to ARs was analyzed by their quantification in the liver; the spread of AR resistance alleles was analyzed by Vkorc1 sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrate the use of both ARs generations in Chadian cities and report the total sequencing of the Vkorc1 for 44 Mastomys natalensis with detection of two different haplotypes, the sequencing of the Vkorc1 for two other endemic rodent species, M. kollmannspergeri and Arvicanthis niloticus, and finally the detection of three new missense mutations - V29E, V69E and D127V - in R. rattus, potentially associated with resistance to ARs. DISCUSSION These results should argue for the implementation of a reasoned management of rodent populations in Africa to avoid the spread of ARs resistance alleles. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Barka Mahamat
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Abeche, Chad
| | - Karine Groud
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Soudy Imar Djibrine
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Abeche, Chad
- Food Quality Control Center, N'Djamena, Chad
| | | | - Isabelle Fourel
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Rached
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nolan Chatron
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|