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Xue H, Li J, Ma L, Yang X, Ren L, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Li Z. Seroprevalence and Molecular Characterization of Brucella abortus from the Himalayan Marmot in Qinghai, China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7721-7734. [PMID: 38144222 PMCID: PMC10749113 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s436950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Brucellosis is a serious public health issue in Qinghai (QH), China. Surveying the seroprevalence and isolation of B. abortus strains from marmots is key to understanding the role of wildlife in the maintenance and spread of brucellosis. Methods In this study, a set of methods, including a serology survey, bacteriology, antibiotic susceptibility, molecular genotyping (MLST and MLVA), and genome sequencing, were employed to characterize the two B. abortus strains. Results The seroprevalence of brucellosis in marmots was 7.0% (80/1146) by serum tube agglutination test (SAT); one Brucella strain was recovered from these positive samples, and another Brucella strain from a human. Two strains were identified as B. abortus bv. 1 and were susceptible to all eight drugs examined. The distribution patterns of the accessory genes, virulence associated genes, and resistance genes of the two strains were consistent, and there was excellent collinearity between the two strains on chromosome I, but they had significant SVs in chromosome II, including inversions and translocations. MLST genotyping identified two B. abortus strains as ST2, and MLVA-16 analysis showed that the two strains clustered with strains from northern China. WGS-SNP phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains were genetically homogeneous with strains from the northern region, implying that strains from a common lineage were spread continuously in different regions and hosts. Conclusion Seroprevalence and molecular clues demonstrated frequent direct or indirect contact between sheep/goats, cattle, and marmots, implying that wildlife plays a vital role in the maintenance and spread of B. abortus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xue
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiquan Li
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuxin Yang
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Ren
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianling Wang
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Zhao
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhao
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Girault G, Djokic V, Petot-Bottin F, Perrot L, Thibaut B, Sébastien H, Vicente AF, Ponsart C, Freddi L. Molecular Investigations of Two First Brucella suis Biovar 2 Infections Cases in French Dogs. Pathogens 2023; 12:792. [PMID: 37375482 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite Brucella suis biovar 2's (BSB2) active circulation in wildlife, no canine infections have been reported. The present paper is the first to describe two cases of BSB2 infections in French dogs. The first case occurred in 2020 and concerned a 13-year-old male neutered Border Collie with clinical signs of prostatitis. The urine culture revealed the excretion of significant levels of Brucella in the sample. The second case concerned a German Shepherd with bilateral orchitis, in which it was possible to detect Brucella colonies following neutering. HRM-PCR and classical biotyping methods classified both isolated strains as BSB2, in contrast to expected B. canis, which is usually the etiological agent of canine brucellosis in Europe. The wgSNP and MLVA analyses highlighted the genetic proximity of two isolates to BSB2 strains originating from wildlife. No pig farms were present in the proximity of either dog's residence, ruling out potential spill over from infected pigs. Nevertheless, the dogs used to take walks in the surrounding forests, where contact with wildlife (i.e., wild boars or hares, or their excrements) was possible. These cases highlight the importance of adopting a One Health approach to control the presence of zoonotic bacteria in wild animals and avoid spillovers into domestic animals and, potentially, humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Girault
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vitomir Djokic
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fathia Petot-Bottin
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ludivine Perrot
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Acacia Ferreira Vicente
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Zhao ZJ, Li JQ, Ma L, Xue HM, Yang XX, Zhao YB, Qin YM, Yang XW, Piao DR, Zhao HY, Tian GZ, Li Q, Wang JL, Tian G, Jiang H, Xu LQ. Molecular characteristics of Brucella melitensis isolates from humans in Qinghai Province, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 33771234 PMCID: PMC8004457 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province of China has been increasing rapidly, with confirmed cases distributed across 31 counties. However, the epidemiology of brucellosis transmission has not been fully elucidated. To characterize the infecting strains isolated from humans, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based approaches were employed. METHODS Strains were isolated from two males blood cultures that were confirmed Brucella melitensis positive following biotyping and MLVA. Genomic DNA was extracted from these two strains, and whole-genome sequencing was performed. Next, SNP-based phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare the two strains to 94 B. melitensis strains (complete genome and draft genome) retrieved from online databases. RESULTS The two Brucella isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 (QH2019001 and QH2019005) following conventional biotyping and were found to have differences in their variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) using MLVA-16. Phylogenetic examination assigned the 96 strains to five genotype groups, with QH2019001 and QH2019005 assigned to the same group, but different subgroups. Moreover, the QH2019005 strain was assigned to a new subgenotype, IIj, within genotype II. These findings were then combined to determine the geographic origin of the two Brucella strains. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing a whole-genome SNP-based approach enabled differences between the two B. melitensis strains to be more clearly resolved, and facilitated the elucidation of their different evolutionary histories. This approach also revealed that QH2019005 is a member of a new subgenotype (IIj) with an ancient origin in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Ji-Quan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plague Prevention and Research, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission (2019PT310004) and Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xue
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Xu-Xin Yang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Yu-Min Qin
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Guang Tian
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Li-Qing Xu
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, The department of brucellosis prevention and control, Xining, 810021, Qinghai, China.
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Liu Z, Wang C, Wei K, Zhao Z, Wang M, Li D, Wang H, Wei Q, Li Z. Investigation of Genetic Relatedness of Brucella Strains in Countries Along the Silk Road. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:539444. [PMID: 33490123 PMCID: PMC7817895 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.539444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, MLVA (multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis) genotype data of Brucella strains from 11 countries along the Silk Road were downloaded from the MLVAbank. MLVA data of strains were applied to the constructed Minimum Spanning Tree to explore the species/biovars distribution, geographic origins, and genetic relationships of the strains analyzed. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing–single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) phylogenetic analysis of the genome of Brucella melitensis strains from GenBank was performed to discriminate the relatedness of strains further and investigate the transmission pattern of B. melitensis brucellosis. A total of 1,503 Brucella strains were analyzed in this study: 431 Brucella abortus strains (29.8%), 1,009 B. melitensis strains (65.7%), and 63 Brucella suis strains (4.5%). B. melitensis biovar 3 was the dominant species and was shown to be widespread in all of the examined regions, suggesting that the prevention and surveillance of the B. melitensis population are a main challenge in these countries. A wide host spectrum was observed for this Brucella population; many animal reservoirs are a potential reason for the continuous brucellosis circulation in these countries. Although the B. abortus strains from the examined regions had common geographic origins, only a few shared genotypes were observed in different countries. These data revealed that the majority of B. abortus strains were spreading within the national borders. However, the B. melitensis strains from Italy originated from a Western Mediterranean lineage; strains from the other 10 countries originated from Eastern Mediterranean lineage, and this lineage was shared by strains from three to nine different countries, suggesting that the introduction and reintroduction of the disease in the 10 countries might have occurred in the past. Furthermore, the most shared MLVA-16 genotypes were formed in the B. melitensis strains from China, Kazakhstan, and Turkey, suggesting that the introduction and trade in sheep and goats have occurred frequently in these countries. WGS-SNP analysis showed that the B. melitensis in this study originated from the Malta (Italy) region. According to their territorial affiliation between four clade strains from these countries in genotype B, the absence of a clear differentiation suggests that strains continuously expand and spread in countries along with Silk Road. Active exchange and trade of animals (sheep and goats) among these countries are reasonable explanations. B. suis strains from different nations showed unique geographic origins and epidemiological characteristics. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the control of transfer and trade of infected sheep (goats) in countries along the Silk Road, namely, the strengthening of the entry–exit quarantine of sheep and goats and improvements in the diagnosis of animal brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chengling Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kongjiao Wei
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Ulanqab Center for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Ulanqab, China
| | - Dan Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zhou K, Wu B, Pan H, Paudyal N, Jiang J, Zhang L, Li Y, Yue M. ONE Health Approach to Address Zoonotic Brucellosis: A Spatiotemporal Associations Study Between Animals and Humans. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:521. [PMID: 32984409 PMCID: PMC7492289 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is one of the most significant zoonosis over the world, threatening both veterinary and human public health. However, few studies were focused on nationwide animal brucellosis and made association with human brucellosis. Methodology and Principal Findings: We conducted a bilingual literature search on Brucella or brucellosis in China on the two largest databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed) and conducted a systematic review. A total of 1,383 Chinese and 81 English publications, published between 1958 and 2018 were identified. From them, 357 publications presenting 692 datasets were subjected to the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence rate is 1.70% (95% CI: 1.66-1.74), with a declining (until the late 1990s) and rising trend (starting the early 2000s). Interestingly, the animal with highest prevalence rate is canine (8.35%, 95% CI: 7.21-9.50), and lowest in cattle (1.22%, 95% CI: 1.17-1.28). The prevalence of Brucella in animals was unequally distributed among the 24 examined regions in China. Conclusions: Brucellosis is a reemerging disease for both humans and animals in China. The observed data suggests that dogs and yaks are the leading reservoirs for Brucella, and the provinces with highest prevalence rates in animals are Hubei, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Fujian, and Guizhou. Accordingly targeted intervention policy should be implemented to break the Brucella transmission chain between animals and humans in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Pan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Narayan Paudyal
- Animal Health Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jize Jiang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ma SY, Liu ZG, Zhu X, Zhao ZZ, Guo ZW, Wang M, Cui BY, Li JY, Li ZJ. Molecular epidemiology of Brucella abortus strains from cattle in Inner Mongolia, China. Prev Vet Med 2020; 183:105080. [PMID: 32919319 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region currently remains high, data available on the epidemiological of circulating Brucella abortus strains were limited. A total of 75 isolates obtained from cattle, sheep, and humans were analysed using both the classical method and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). There are at least three B. abortus biovars (1, 3 and 6) in this region, and B. abortus biovar 3 is the predominant one. Ten known MLVA-11 genotypes were identified, of which five genotypes (72, 75, 78, 82 and 210) were shared among strains from this study and others previously collected in two to seven different nations, suggesting that this population has multiple geographic origins. An MLVA-16 assay sorted the 75 B. abortus strains into two groups (I and II), 5 clusters (A-E) and 44 genotypes (GT1-44), with 26 unique genotypes represented by single isolates, indicating that these B. abortus brucellosis cases were not directly epidemiologically related. The remaining 18 shared genotypes (among a total of 47 isolates) were represented by two to eight isolates, suggesting that there were epidemiologically related pathogens from each shared genotype among the cases. Importantly, the cluster B1 branch including 22 cluster isolates with identical or similar genotypes confirmed the occurrence of a concentrated outbreak epidemic in the eastern region during 1988-1995. This work will contribute to better understanding of B. abortus brucellosis epidemiology in Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040 China.
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Sanya People' s Hospital, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China.
| | - Zhong-Zhi Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining, 811602, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot 010031, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- Ulanqab Centre for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Jining, 012000, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Bu-Yun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jun-Yan Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.
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Li Z, Wang XM, Zhu X, Wang M, Cheng H, Li D, Liu ZG. Molecular Characteristics of Brucella Isolates Collected From Humans in Hainan Province, China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:452. [PMID: 32292391 PMCID: PMC7120952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis has been reported in several regions of Hainan Province, but the extent of the disease has not been fully elucidated. Conventional biotyping methods, multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from draft genome sequencing were employed to characterize the strains. There were four biovars (Brucella melitensis bv. 1, 2, and 3 and Brucella suis bv. 3) detected, which showed that the biovar diversity of Brucella in Hainan is higher than in other areas of China. Both B. melitensis bv. 3 and B. suis bv. 3 were dominant species and showed epidemiology patterns that were compatible with both southern and northern China. Eight of MLVA-11 genotypes were known (31, 111, 116, 120, 136, 291, 297, and 345), and the remaining seven were novel (HN11-1 to HN11-7); these data showed that Brucella strains in this study had multiple geographic origins and exhibited characteristics of origin and evolution of co-existing imported and Hainan specific lineage. A total of 41 strains were found, belonging to 37 unique genotypes that each represented a single strain, which suggests that these strains were not directly related epidemiologically and indicates that the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Hainan was dominated by sporadic strains. The high HGDI values were observed in MLVA-8, MLVA-11, and MLVA-16 among two species, suggesting considerable genetic diversity among these species. MST is characterized based on MLVA-16 that was found both throughout China and on a global level and showed that strains of this study had significant genetic differences with strains from many parts of the globe and seemingly represent a unique genetic lineage. Whole-genome SNP analysis showed that four B. melitensis were closely related to strains from China's northern provinces, and the source of infection was partly of human brucellosis in this province that may have been from these regions. The B. suis were closely related to strains from the United States, and further investigation of the transportation of animals, such as pigs, is needed to elucidate the origins of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Ming Wang
- Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Ulanqab Centre for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Jining, China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
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8
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Liu ZG, Wang M, Zhao HY, Piao DR, Jiang H, Li ZJ. Investigation of the molecular characteristics of Brucella isolates from Guangxi Province, China. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:292. [PMID: 31842756 PMCID: PMC6916230 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human brucellosis has become a severe public health problem in China’s Guangxi Province, and there has been higher prevalence of brucellosis in this region after 2010. Both multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assay schedules were used to genotype isolates and determine relationships among isolates. Results A total of 40 isolates of Brucella were obtained from humans, pigs, and dogs from 1961 to 2016. There were at least three species of Brucella detected in Guangxi Province, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis, with 16, 17, and 7 isolates, respectively. Of which B. suis biovar 3 was the predominant species resulting in pig brucellosis in the area examined before 2000s. Moreover, B. melitensis biovar 3 was found to be mainly responsible for human brucellosis during 2012–2016. All B. melitensis isolates in this study belonged to East Mediterranean lineage. MLVA-11 genotype 116 was the dominant genotype and represented 81.2% of the isolates. MLVA cluster analysis showed there to be 44% (7/16) brucellosis cases caused by B. melitensis with a profile of outbreak epidemic from 2012 to 2016. However, nearly 83.3% (20/24) of brucellosis cases resulting from both B. suis and B. canis showed no epidemiological links or sporadic characteristics. MLVA-16 analysis confirmed extensive genotype-sharing events between B. melitensis isolates from Guangxi and other northern provinces within China. These data revealed that there are potential epidemiology links among these strains. B. suis strains of this study showed a unique genetic lineage at the global level and may have existed historically in this area. However, present B. canis isolates were closely related to previously reported isolates in Korea, where they may have originated. MLST typing showed that the population structure of Brucella strains had changed considerably in this province; ST17 and ST21, two previously predominant populations appeared to have been replaced by recently emerging ST8 group. Conclusions Our investigation data have inspired the hypothesis that Guangxi Province had been subject to an imported human brucellosis epidemic. Our data suggest that strains found in Northern regions of China are the principal source of infections in recent cases of human brucellosis in Guangxi Province. Comparative genomic analysis from more strains is necessary to confirm this hypothesis. This work will facilitate better understanding of the epidemiology and improve the effectiveness of control and prevention of brucellosis in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, 010031, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- Ulanqab Centre for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Jining, 012000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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