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Tilahun M, Ma L, Callaway TR, Xu J, Bu D. The effect of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) fruit supplementation on the rumen microbiota and its correlation with rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1365681. [PMID: 38803380 PMCID: PMC11128671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1365681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medicinal plants, rich in phytochemicals like phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, offer potential benefits in enhancing productivity, quality, and animal health. Amla fruit (Phyllanthus emblica) is one such plant with promising attributes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fresh Amla fruit (FAF) supplementation on ruminal microbial composition and its correlation with rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. Methods The study employed a repeated crossover design involving eight ruminally cannulated mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Animals received varying levels of fresh Amla fruit supplementation (0, 200, 400, and 600 g/d). Results When 400 g/d of FAF was added to the diet, there was a significant increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.02). However, at 200 g/d, the relative abundance of ruminal Bacteroidota was higher than the 0 and 400 g/d FAF supplementation (p < 0.01). LEfSe analysis identified distinct taxa, such as Clostridia vadinBB60 in the 200 g/d group, Oscillospiraceae in the 400 g/d group, and Elusimicrobium in the 600 g/d group. Notably, the random forest species abundance statistics identified Oscillospiraceae V9D2013 as a biomarker related to milk yield. Oscillospiraceae, Bacilli RF39, norank_f Prevotellaceae, and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with ruminal total VFA and molar proportion of propionate, while Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Clostridia vadinBB60 were negatively correlated. Discussion FAF supplementation affects the abundance of beneficial microbes in a dose-dependent manner, which can improve milk yield, efficiency, rumen health, desirable fatty acids, and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen Tilahun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jianchu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
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Christodoulou C, Mavrommatis A, Loukovitis D, Symeon G, Dotas V, Kotsampasi B, Tsiplakou E. Inclusion of Camelina sativa Seeds in Ewes' Diet Modifies Rumen Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030377. [PMID: 36766266 PMCID: PMC9913825 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementing ruminant diets with unconventional feedstuffs (Camelina sativa seeds; CS) rich in bioactive molecules such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, may prove a potential eco-efficient strategy to manipulate rumen microbiome towards efficiency. Forty-eight ewes were divided into four homogenous groups (n = 12) according to their fat-corrected milk yield (6%), body weight, and age, and were fed individually with concentrate, alfalfa hay, and wheat straw. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no CS inclusion, whereas the treated groups were supplemented with CS at 60 (CS6), 110 (CS11), and 160 (CS16) g·kg-1 of concentrate, respectively. Rumen digesta was collected using an esophageal tube and then liquid and solid particles were separated using cheesecloth layers. An initial bacteriome screening using next-generation sequencing of 16S was followed by specific microbes targeting with a RT-qPCR platform, which unveiled the basic changes of the rumen microbiota under CS supplementation levels. The relative abundances of Archaea and methanogens were significantly reduced in the solid particles of CS11 and CS16. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Protozoa was significantly increased in both rumen fluid and solid particles of the CS6, whereas that of Fungi was significantly reduced in the rumen particle of the CS16. In rumen fluid, the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogens and Ruminobacter amylophilus were significantly increased in the CS6 and CS11, respectively. In the solid particles of the CS11, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens was significantly reduced, whereas those of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus and Ruminobacter amylophilus were significantly increased. Additionally, the relative abundance of Selenomonas ruminantium was significantly increased in both CS11 and CS16. Consequently, the highest CS content in the concentrate reduced the relative abundance of methanogens without inducing radical changes in rumen microorganisms that could impair ruminal fermentation and ewes' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Loukovitis
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - George Symeon
- Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO ‘DIMITRA’, Paralimni Giannitsa, 58100 Pella, Greece
| | - Vassilios Dotas
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basiliki Kotsampasi
- Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO ‘DIMITRA’, Paralimni Giannitsa, 58100 Pella, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Du S, Bu Z, You S, Bao J, Jia Y. Diversity of growth performance and rumen microbiota vary with feed types. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1004373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a major factor in influencing the growth performance and the microbial community of lambs. This study aimed to investigate how diverse diets influence their growth performance and rumen microbiota. Ninety male lambs were randomly allocated into three groups in a completely randomized design with equal lambs: non-pelleted native grass hay (HA) as the control diet and pelleted native grass hay (GP) and pelleted native grass hay with concentrate (GPC) as experimental diets. The rumen fluid samples of the lambs in the HA, GP, and GPC groups were used to study rumen microbiota diversity through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. In the present study, the final body weight, dry matter intake, and average daily gain differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the HA, GP, and GPC groups. Compared to the HA group, higher final body weight, dry matter intake, and average daily gain were found in the GP group. Similarly, better animal performance was observed in the GPC group than in the GP group. The principal coordinates analysis displayed that the composition of the rumen microbiota in the three groups was distinctly separated from each other. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant members of the community in the HA and GP groups, while Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria became the predominant members in the GPC group. The comparison among these groups showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotella_1, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, and Succiniclasticum. These results suggest that the GP and GPC diets are more beneficial for growth performance than the HA diet and also indicate that the rumen microbiota varied in response to different feed types. In conclusion, these results could provide strategies to influence rumen microbiota for better growth and a healthier ecosystem on the Mongolian Plateau and lay the theoretical groundwork for feeding the pelleted native grass diet.
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Hăbeanu M, Lefter NA, Gheorghe A, Ropota M, Toma SM, Pistol GC, Surdu I, Dumitru M. Alterations in Essential Fatty Acids, Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), and Enteric Methane Emission in Primiparous Sows Fed Hemp Seed Oil and Their Offspring Response. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070352. [PMID: 35878369 PMCID: PMC9319154 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows the effects of dietary hemp seed oil on the milk composition, blood immunoglobulins (Ig), and enteric methane (E-CH4) production of primiparous sows, and their offspring’s response at three time points. A bifactorial experiment was conducted for 21 days (d) on 18 primiparous sows (195 ± 3 days old). The sows were fed two diets: (i) a control diet (SO) based on soybean oil (1.6%), with an 18.82 n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio; (ii) an experimental diet (HO) based on hemp seed oil (1.6%), with a 9.14 n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The milk contained an elevated level of linoleic acids (LA), n-3 FA, and especially alpha-linolenic acids (ALA), while the n-6:n-3 ratio declined using hemp oil. The Ig concentration was higher in colostrum than in milk. In the first few hours, the IgG in the plasma of piglets was more than double that of maternal plasma IgG (+2.39 times). A period effect (p < 0.0001) for IgG concentration in the plasma of piglets was recorded (40% at 10 d, respectively 73% lower at 21 d than 12 h after parturition). However, the sow diet did not affect Ig (p > 0.05). The frequency of diarrhoea declined after about 7 d. The value of the rate of diarrhoea was 6.2% lower in the PHO group. We found a 4.5% decline in E-CH4 in the HO group. Applying multiple linear regression, feed intake, n-6:n-3 ratio, ALA, and lean meat were potential indicators in estimating E-CH4. In conclusion, sow dietary hemp seed oil increased lean meat %, milk EFA, and milk IgM. Significant changes in the other dependent variables of interest (body weight, plasma Igs in sows and offspring, E-CH4 production) were not recorded. There was reduced diarrhoea which shows that EFA could play a therapeutic role in the incidence of diarrhoea and in lowering of E-CH4 emission in sows and progeny. All dependent variables were significantly altered at different time points, except for fat concentration in milk and sow plasma IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Hăbeanu
- National Research Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (N.A.L.); (A.G.); (M.R.); (S.M.T.); (G.C.P.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicoleta Aurelia Lefter
- National Research Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (N.A.L.); (A.G.); (M.R.); (S.M.T.); (G.C.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Anca Gheorghe
- National Research Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (N.A.L.); (A.G.); (M.R.); (S.M.T.); (G.C.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariana Ropota
- National Research Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (N.A.L.); (A.G.); (M.R.); (S.M.T.); (G.C.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Smaranda Mariana Toma
- National Research Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (N.A.L.); (A.G.); (M.R.); (S.M.T.); (G.C.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Gina Cecilia Pistol
- National Research Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (N.A.L.); (A.G.); (M.R.); (S.M.T.); (G.C.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Ioan Surdu
- Mountain Economy Centre (CE-MONT), Romanian Academy “Costin C. Kiritescu” National Institute of Economic Researches, 050711 Bucharest, Romania; or
| | - Mihaela Dumitru
- National Research Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (N.A.L.); (A.G.); (M.R.); (S.M.T.); (G.C.P.); (M.D.)
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Use of Camelina sativa and By-Products in Diets for Dairy Cows: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091082. [PMID: 35565509 PMCID: PMC9101957 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Camelina sativa, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, has been grown since 4000 B.C. as an oilseed crop that is more drought- and cold-resistant. Increased demand for its oil, meal, and other derivatives has increased researchers’ interest in this crop. Its anti-nutritional factors can be reduced by solvent, enzyme and heat treatments, and genetic engineering. Inclusion of camelina by-products increases branched-chain volatile fatty acids, decreases neutral detergent fiber digestibility, has no effect on acid detergent fiber digestibility, and lowers acetate levels in dairy cows. Feeding camelina meal reduces ruminal methane, an environmental benefit of using camelina by-products in ruminant diets. The addition of camelina to dairy cow diets decreases ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and bio-hydrogenation. This reduced bio-hydrogenation results in an increase in desirable fatty acids and a decrease in saturated fatty acids in milk obtained from cows fed diets with camelina seeds or its by-products. Studies suggest that by-products of C. sativa can be used safely in dairy cows at appropriate inclusion levels. However, suppression in fat milk percentage and an increase in trans fatty acid isomers should be considered when increasing the inclusion rate of camelina by-products, due to health concerns.
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Hassan FU, Guo Y, Li M, Tang Z, Peng L, Liang X, Yang C. Effect of Methionine Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota, Fermentation, and Amino Acid Metabolism in In Vitro Cultures Containing Nitrate. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081717. [PMID: 34442796 PMCID: PMC8397988 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of methionine on in vitro methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, amino acid (AA) metabolism, and rumen microbiota in a low protein diet. We evaluated three levels of methionine (M0, 0%; M1, 0.28%; and M2, 1.12%) of in the presence of sodium nitrate (1%) in a diet containing elephant grass (90%) and concentrate (10%). We used an in vitro batch culture technique by using rumen fluid from cannulated buffaloes. Total gas and CH4 production were measured in each fermentation bottle at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 h of incubation. Results revealed that M0 decreased (p < 0.001) the total gas and CH4 production, but methionine exhibited no effect on these parameters. M0 decreased (p < 0.05) the individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), while increasing (p < 0.05) the ruminal pH, acetate to propionate ratio, and microbial protein content. Methionine did not affect ruminal AA contents except asparagine, which substantially increased (p = 0.003). M2 increased the protozoa counts, but both M0 and M1 decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Firmicutes while increasing (p < 0.05) the Campilobacterota and Proteobacteria. However, Prevotella and γ-Proteobacteria were identified as biomarkers in the nitrate group. Our findings indicate that methionine can increase ruminal asparagine content and the population of Compylobactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.-u.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.); (Z.T.); (L.P.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Yanxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.-u.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.); (Z.T.); (L.P.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.-u.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.); (Z.T.); (L.P.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.-u.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.); (Z.T.); (L.P.); (X.L.)
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.-u.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.); (Z.T.); (L.P.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.-u.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.); (Z.T.); (L.P.); (X.L.)
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.-u.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.); (Z.T.); (L.P.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-157-7716-2502
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Response of sheep rumen fermentation and microbial communities to feed infected with the endophyte Epichloë gansuensis as evaluated with rumen-simulating technology. J Microbiol 2021; 59:718-728. [PMID: 34302620 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Achnatherum inebrians, a perennial grass, is widely distributed in China. When infected by the endophyte Epichloë gansuensis, A. inebrians produces an abundance of alkaloids that enhance plant survival but are toxic to animals. Here we used in vitro fermentation to study the impact of endophyte- infected A. inebrians (E+) addition on rumen fermentation characteristics and on microbial community and diversity as assessed with amplicon sequencing technology. We examined E+ addition at five levels, E0, E25, E50, E75, and E100, corresponding to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the fermentation substrate, respectively. Both the fermentation characteristics and rumen microbial community structure differed significantly among treatments. E100 resulted in the highest values for pH, the Shannon index, Kiritimatiellaeota, and Lentisphaerae levels relative to the other treatments. In contrast, E25 was associated with higher levels of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acid, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and of the genus Prevotella_1, Succiniclasticum, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and Pyramidobacter as compared with other treatments. E50 resulted in the greatest values for the abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and the Chao1 index as compared with other treatments. E0 resulted in the greatest values for digestibility of dry matter, gas production, acetate, and Ruminobacter as compared with other treatments. This approach avoided animal toxicity experiments and confirmed that rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen microbiota were affected by E+ toxin. Therefore, E25 showed higher abundance in Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_ UCG-001, and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group that implied they should play significant roles in E+ alkaloids degradation. And then, we can infer that rumen microorganisms should function as an antidote with respect to this poisoning reaction at moderate dietary percentages of E+.
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