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Lopes LB, Pintarelli GB, Guedert R, Andrade DLLS, Antonio AC, Ramos CTS, da Silva JR, Rangel MMM, Suzuki DOH. Novel tetrapolar single-needle electrode for electrochemotherapy in bone cavities: Modeling, design and validation. Med Eng Phys 2024; 125:104120. [PMID: 38508798 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is a cancer treatment in which local pulsed electric fields are delivered through electrodes. The effectiveness of the treatment depends on exposing the tumor to a threshold electric field. Electrode geometry plays an important role in the resulting electric field distribution, especially in hard-to-reach areas and deep-seated tumors. We designed and developed a novel tetrapolar single-needle electrode for proper treatment in bone cavities. In silico and in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the electric field and electric current produced by the electrode. In addition, tomography images of a real case of nasal cavity tumor were segmented into a 3D simulation to evaluate the electrode performance in a bone cavity. The proposed electrode was validated and its operating range was set up to 650 V. In the nasal cavity tumor, we found that the electrode can produce a circular electric field of 3 mm with an electric current of 14.1 A at 500 V, which is compatible with electrochemotherapy standards and commercial equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Lopes
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme B Pintarelli
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil; Department of Control and Automation Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, 89036-004, SC, Brazil
| | - Raul Guedert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniella L L S Andrade
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Afrânio C Antonio
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Clara T S Ramos
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Jéssica R da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela O H Suzuki
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Lampreht Tratar U, Milevoj N, Cemazar M, Znidar K, Ursic Valentinuzzi K, Brozic A, Tomsic K, Sersa G, Tozon N. Treatment of spontaneous canine mast cell tumors by electrochemotherapy combined with IL-12 gene electrotransfer: Comparison of intratumoral and peritumoral application of IL-12. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110274. [PMID: 37216797 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The combined treatment of electrochemotherapy (ECT) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene electrotransfer (GET) has already been used in clinical studies in dogs to treat various histological types of spontaneous tumors. The results of these studies show that the treatment is safe and effective. However, in these clinical studies, the routes of administration of IL-12 GET were either intratumoral (i.t.) or peritumoral (peri.t.). Therefore, the objective of this clinical trial was to compare the two IL-12 GET routes of administration in combination with ECT and their contribution to the enhanced ECT response. Seventy-seven dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) were divided into three groups: one treated with a combination of ECT + GET peri. t. (29 dogs), the second with the combination of ECT + GET i.t. (30 dogs), and the third with ECT alone (18 dogs). In addition, immunohistochemical studies of tumor samples before treatment and flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after treatment were performed to determine any immunological aspects of the treatment. The results showed that local tumor control was significantly better in the ECT + GET i.t. group (p < 0.050) than in the ECT + GET peri.t. or ECT groups. In addition, disease-free interval (DFI) and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly longer in the ECT + GET i.t. group than in the other two groups (p < 0.050). The data on local tumor response, DFI, and PFS were consistent with immunological tests, as we detected an increased percentage of antitumor immune cells in the blood after treatment in the ECT + GET i.t. group, which also indicated the induction of a systemic immune response. In addition, we did not observe any unwanted severe or long-lasting side effects. Finally, due to the more pronounced local response after ECT + GET i.t., we suggest that treatment response assessment should be performed at least two months after treatment, which meets the iRECIST criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursa Lampreht Tratar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Milevoj
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310 Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Katarina Znidar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Ursic Valentinuzzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Brozic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katerina Tomsic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tozon
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Olaiz N, Monti Hughes A, Pozzi ECC, Thorp S, Curotto P, Trivillin VA, Ramos PS, Palmieri MA, Marshall G, Schwint AE, Garabalino MA. Enhancement in the Therapeutic Efficacy of In Vivo BNCT Mediated by GB-10 with Electroporation in a Model of Oral Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091241. [PMID: 37174642 PMCID: PMC10177359 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) combines preferential tumor uptake of 10B compounds and neutron irradiation. Electroporation induces an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane. We previously demonstrated the optimization of boron biodistribution and microdistribution employing electroporation (EP) and decahydrodecaborate (GB-10) as the boron carrier in a hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if EP could improve tumor control without enhancing the radiotoxicity of BNCT in vivo mediated by GB-10 with EP 10 min after GB-10 administration. Following cancerization, tumor-bearing hamster cheek pouches were treated with GB-10/BNCT or GB-10/BNCT + EP. Irradiations were carried out at the RA-3 Reactor. The tumor response and degree of mucositis in precancerous tissue surrounding tumors were evaluated for one month post-BNCT. The overall tumor response (partial remission (PR) + complete remission (CR)) increased significantly for protocol GB-10/BNCT + EP (92%) vs. GB-10/BNCT (48%). A statistically significant increase in the CR was observed for protocol GB-10/BNCT + EP (46%) vs. GB-10/BNCT (6%). For both protocols, the radiotoxicity (mucositis) was reversible and slight/moderate. Based on these results, we concluded that electroporation improved the therapeutic efficacy of GB-10/BNCT in vivo in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model without increasing the radiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Olaiz
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pabellón I, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2270, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Andrea Monti Hughes
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2270, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
- Departamento Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Constituyentes (CAC), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Emiliano C C Pozzi
- Departamento de Reactores de Investigación y Producción, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Ezeiza (CAE), Camino Real Presbítero González y Aragón 15, Buenos Aires B1802AYA, Argentina
| | - Silvia Thorp
- Sub-Gerencia Instrumentación y Control, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Ezeiza (CAE), Camino Real Presbítero González y Aragón 15, Buenos Aires B1802AYA, Argentina
| | - Paula Curotto
- Departamento de Reactores de Investigación y Producción, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Ezeiza (CAE), Camino Real Presbítero González y Aragón 15, Buenos Aires B1802AYA, Argentina
| | - Verónica A Trivillin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2270, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
- Departamento Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Constituyentes (CAC), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Paula S Ramos
- Departamento Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Constituyentes (CAC), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Mónica A Palmieri
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Marshall
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pabellón I, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2270, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Amanda E Schwint
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2270, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
- Departamento Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Constituyentes (CAC), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Marcela A Garabalino
- Departamento Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Constituyentes (CAC), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650KNA, Argentina
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Moretti G, Dentini A, Beccati F, Arcelli R, Matteo ID, Giovannini G, Bufalari A. Palliative repeated electroporations of oral tumours in dogs: A case series. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1004811. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1004811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a highly developed treatment for many solid tumours that provides good local control in 80% of neoplasms in dogs. ECT can be used to treat different types of tumours, particularly as an innovative approach for non-resectable masses. As reported in the literature, electroporation-based treatments are safe, simple, fast and cost-effective treatment alternatives for selected oral and maxillofacial tumours not involving the bone in dogs (e.g., small squamous cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma). In this descriptive retrospective paper, the authors describe the outcome of various types of oral tumours treated with ECT as a palliative first line treatment or as a rescue treatment in dogs with local tumour recurrence. Nineteen dogs were included and treated with at least one session of three electroporations coupled with intravenous administration of bleomycin every 21 days. Tumour size, localization, histotype, stage, recurrence, solid tumour response evaluation criteria (RECIST), local toxicity, progression free survival (PFS) and median survival time (MST) were evaluated. The small population did not allow the analysis of the ECT response by comparing different tumour types; further studies with a larger caseload are needed. However, all dogs, despite the low MST, showed a good local response to treatment with a rapid improvement in quality of life from the first ECT application; no side effects attributable to chemotherapy have been detected and toxicity due to the electroporation was minimal and well tolerated in all dogs.
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Arias A, Quevedo DM, Roque AI, Ochoa JE. Reporte de caso: Tumor de células en forma de huso en un canino (fibrosarcoma). REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v69n2.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Este trabajo presenta y documenta el caso clínico de un canino y los hallazgos histopatológicos de un tumor de células en forma de huso, subcutáneo, en región cervical con metástasis a región faringo–laringo–traqueal. El paciente fue un canino macho, raza caniche, de 5 años, llevado a la clínica veterinaria de la Universidad de los Llanos. Al examen físico se evidenció en porción dorsal del cuello una masa subcutánea, indolora, firme, de 18 x 11cm, mucosas pálidas, ganglios retrofaríngeos aumentados de tamaño y epifora bilateral. Se realiza eutanasia y necropsia, se toman muestras de tejidos fijados en formalina buffer al 10% que se envía al laboratorio de histopatología animal. Las muestras se procesaron mediante métodos rutinarios para microscopía óptica. Cortes histológicos de 3-4 μm de grosor fueron coloreados con hematoxilina–eosina (H&E) y coloración tricrómica de Masson. En la necropsia se encontró una masa cervical dorsal aparentemente encapsulada, de 18 x 11 cm, firme, anclada al ligamento nucal, zonas de consistencia blanda, puntos rojos y superficie rugosa. Adicionalmente, se encontró nódulo tumoral, firme, fibroso de 6x4 cm en región faringo–laringo–traqueal izquierda. En el examen microscópico se observaron zonas de bastante celularidad arregladas en forma de fascículos, núcleos pleomórficos hipercromáticos con forma de huso, con 1 a 2 nucleolos y otras zonas con menor celularidad en un estroma fibromixoide. Con la coloración de tricrómico de Masson, el 50% de las células adquiere una coloración azul, positiva para fibras colágenas. Se diagnosticó un tumor de células en forma de huso maligno, clasificado como fibrosarcoma.
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Pazzi P, Steenkamp G, Rixon AJ. Treatment of Canine Oral Melanomas: A Critical Review of the Literature. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050196. [PMID: 35622724 PMCID: PMC9147014 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical appraisal of the available literature for the treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is lacking. This critical review aimed to evaluate the current literature and provide treatment recommendations and possible suggestions for future canine OMM research. PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched in June 2021, for terms relevant to treatment of OMM. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and information on clinical response and outcome extracted. Eighty-one studies were included. The overall level of evidence supporting the various canine OMM treatment options was low. The majority of studies included confounding treatment modalities and lacked randomization, control groups and consistency in reporting clinical response and outcomes. Within these limitations, surgery remains the mainstay of therapy. Adjunctive radiotherapy provided good local control and improved median survival times (MST), chemotherapy did not offer survival benefit beyond that of surgery, while electrochemotherapy may offer a potential alternative to radiotherapy. Immunotherapy holds the most promise in extending MST in the surgical adjunctive setting, in particular the combination of gene therapy and autologous vaccination. Prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trials, with a lack of confounding factors and reporting based on established guidelines would allow comparison and recommendations for the treatment of canine OMM.
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Milevoj N, Nemec A, Tozon N. Metronomic Chemotherapy for Palliative Treatment of Malignant Oral Tumors in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:856399. [PMID: 35433894 PMCID: PMC9010117 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.856399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy in the palliative treatment of various malignant oral tumors in dogs. Our focus was to determine the effect of treatment on local disease control and to assess the tolerability and safety of the treatment in dogs with various oral malignancies. Metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide was used to treat 12 dogs and was combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 6/12 (50%) of dogs. A clinical benefit was observed in 6/12 (50%) patients 1 month and in 4/12 (33%) 3 months after treatment initiation. The median survival time of the dogs was 155 days (range 21–529 days). At the end of the observation period, the disease had progressed in 10/12 (83.3%) of the patients. Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis was the most commonly reported side effect of treatment, occurring in 4/12 (33.3%) dogs. The results of our study suggest that metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide can be, in a subset of dogs, beneficial in the palliation of malignant oral tumors.
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Camerino M, Giacobino D, Manassero L, Iussich S, Riccardo F, Cavallo F, Tarone L, Olimpo M, Lardone E, Martano M, Del Magno S, Buracco P, Morello E. Prognostic impact of bone invasion in canine oral malignant melanoma treated by surgery and anti-CSPG4 vaccination: A retrospective study on 68 cases (2010-2020). Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:189-197. [PMID: 34392602 PMCID: PMC9290081 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prognosis of canine oral malignant melanoma encompasses clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of bone invasion in oral canine melanoma. Sixty-eight dogs bearing oral melanoma staged II and III that underwent surgery and anti-CSPG4 electrovaccination, with available histological data and a minimum follow up of minimum 1 year, were retrospectively selected. Bone invasion was detected on imaging and/or histology. Median survival time of dogs with evidence of bone invasion (group 1) was 397 days and significantly shorter compared with dogs with oral melanomas not invading the bone (group 2, 1063 days). Dogs with tumours localised at the level of the cheek, lip, tongue and soft palate (soft tissue - group 3) lived significantly longer compared with dogs having tumours within the gingiva of the maxilla or mandible (hard tissue - group 4) with a median survival time of 1063 and 470 days, respectively. Within group 4, the subgroup of dogs with tumours not invading the bone (group 5) showed a significant prolonged survival time (972 days) in comparison with dogs of group 1 (bone invasion group). Similar results were obtained for the disease-free intervals amongst the different groups. Statistical analysis showed that Ki67 and mitotic count were correlated with shorter survival in patients of group 1 (with bone invasion). Bone invasion should always be assessed since it appears to be a negative prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Luca Manassero
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesMolecular Biotechnology Center, University of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesMolecular Biotechnology Center, University of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesMolecular Biotechnology Center, University of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Matteo Olimpo
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Elena Lardone
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Medical Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Sara Del Magno
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzano dell'EmiliaItaly
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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Giacobino D, Camerino M, Riccardo F, Cavallo F, Tarone L, Martano M, Dentini A, Iussich S, Lardone E, Franci P, Valazza A, Manassero L, Del Magno S, De Maria R, Morello E, Buracco P. Difference in outcome between curative intent vs marginal excision as a first treatment in dogs with oral malignant melanoma and the impact of adjuvant CSPG4-DNA electrovaccination: A retrospective study on 155 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:651-660. [PMID: 33751759 PMCID: PMC9290641 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma is locally invasive and highly metastatic. At present, the best option for local control is en bloc excision followed by radiation if excision margins are incomplete. Adjuvantly, the role of chemotherapy is dubious while immunotherapy appears encouraging. This retrospective study evaluated 155 dogs with oral malignant melanomas (24 stage I, 54 stage II, 66 stage III and 11 stage IV) managed in a single institution. The aim was to evaluate the differences in median survival time (MST) and disease-free interval (DFI) between dogs which, at presentation, were treated surgically with a curative intent (group 1) vs those marginally excised only (group 2). MST in group 1 was longer than in group 2 (594 vs 458 days), but no significant difference was found (P = .57); a statistical difference was, however, found for DFI (232 vs 183 days, P = .008). In the subpopulation of vaccinated dogs, the impact of adjuvant anti-CSPG4 DNA electrovaccination was then evaluated (curative intent, group 3, vs marginal, group 4); a significant difference for both MST (1333 vs 470 days, respectively, P = .03) and DFI (324 vs 184 days, respectively, P = .008) was found. Progressive disease was significantly more common in dogs undergoing marginal excision than curative intent excision for both the overall population (P = .03) and the vaccinated dogs (P = .02). This study pointed out that, after staging, wide excision together with adjuvant immunotherapy was an effective approach for canine oral malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | | | - Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Medical Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ParmaItaly
| | | | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Elena Lardone
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Paolo Franci
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Alberto Valazza
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Luca Manassero
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Sara Del Magno
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceUniversity of BolognaItaly
| | | | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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Brloznik M, Kranjc Brezar S, Boc N, Knific T, Cemazar M, Milevoj N, Sersa G, Tozon N, Pavlin D. Results of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Correlate With Treatment Outcome in Canine Neoplasia Treated With Electrochemotherapy and Interleukin-12 Plasmid Electrotransfer. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:679073. [PMID: 34095282 PMCID: PMC8173043 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.679073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) and/or gene electrotransfer of plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-12 (GET pIL-12) are effective treatments for canine cutaneous, subcutaneous, and maxillofacial tumors. Despite the clinical efficacy of the combined treatments of ECT and GET, data on parameters that might predict the outcome of the treatments are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) results of subcutaneous tumors differ between tumors with complete response (CR) and tumors without complete response (non-CR) in dogs treated with ECT and GET pIL-12. Eight dogs with a total of 12 tumor nodules treated with ECT and GET pIL-12 were included. DCE-US examinations were performed in all animals before and immediately after therapy as well as 8 h and 1, 3, and 7 days later. Clinical follow-up examinations were performed 7 and 14 days, 1 and 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. Numerous significant differences in DCE-US parameters were noted between tumors with CR and non-CR tumors; perfusion and perfusion heterogeneity were lower in CR tumors than in non-CR tumors. Therefore, studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to investigate whether DCE-US results can be used to predict treatment outcomes and to make effective decisions about the need for repeated therapy or different treatment combinations in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Brloznik
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Boc
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Knific
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nina Milevoj
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tozon
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Pavlin
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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