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Liao TS, Chen CY, Lin CS, Chang CWT, Takemoto JY, Lin YY. Mesobiliverdin IXα-enriched microalgae feed additive eliminates reliance on antibiotic tylosin to promote intestinal health of weaning piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1368-1375. [PMID: 37539819 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Weaning is a critical period in raising pigs. Novel animal feed additives that promote gut health and regulate immune function of piglets without antibiotics are needed. In this study, we aimed to test the ability of mesobiliverdin IXα-enriched microalgae (MBV IXα-enriched microalgae) to eliminate reliance on antibiotics to promote intestinal health in piglets. Eighty 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four groups each with four replicate pens and five piglets per pen. The dietary treatments were a basal diet as control (NC), basal diet plus 0.05% tylosin (PC), basal diet plus 0.1% or 0.5% MBV IXα-enriched microalgae as low (MBV-SP1) or high (MBV-SP2) dose respectively. All treated animals showed no significant differences in live weight, average daily gain and feed efficiency compared to control animals. Histological examination showed that MBV-SP1 and particularly MBV-SP2 increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum compared to NC (p < 0.05). Similarly, tylosin treatment also increased villi lengths and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum compared to the NC (p < 0.05). MBV-SP1 and particularly MBV-SP2 reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in the small intestine. MBV-SP2 and tylosin similarly reduced the lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS value) in the duodenum and ileum. In conclusion, feed supplementation with MBV IXα-enriched microalgae improved gut health by villus height and production of immunomodulators that correlated with down-regulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tz-Shian Liao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shun Lin
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei T Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Jon Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Yuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Iatrou AM, Michailidou S, Papadopoulos GA, Afaloniati H, Lagou MK, Kiritsi M, Argiriou A, Angelopoulou K, Poutahidis T, Fortomaris P. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Spirulina platensis on the Immune System, Intestinal Bacterial Microbiome and Skin Traits of Mink. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020190. [PMID: 36670730 PMCID: PMC9854837 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary inclusion of Spirulina platensis on the immune system, intestinal microbiome and skin of mink was investigated. Forty-eight animals were equally separated into four groups. Groups B and D were control animals, while groups A and C had their feed supplemented daily with 100 mg/kg of body weight Spirulina. Mink in groups A and B were descended from dams supplemented with spirulina during their reproductive period, while those in groups C and D were descended from dams fed the control diets. Fur growth rate and quality were graded semi-quantitatively. Fecal microbiome analysis, skin thickness histomorphometry, immunohistochemical labeling and counts of immune cells in the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen and quantitative gene expression analysis of cytokines in the colon were performed. Skin thickness, fur growth rate and skin quality were similar among groups (p > 0.05). However, differences were observed among groups concerning the relative and differential abundance of bacterial species. Tgf-β expression was lower in group A, whereas IL-β1 was lower in group C compared to group B (p < 0.05). Group D had significantly lower numbers of inflammatory cells in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. The results revealed that Spirulina decreased indices of subclinical inflammation in mink gut, while differences in the bacterial communities among groups were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Iatrou
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310999958
| | - Sofia Michailidou
- Center for Research and Technology, Hellas Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hara Afaloniati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria K. Lagou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Kiritsi
- Center for Research and Technology, Hellas Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Center for Research and Technology, Hellas Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Fortomaris
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lin YY, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT, Peng CA. Mesobiliverdin IXα ameliorates osteoporosis via promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 619:56-61. [PMID: 35738065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression promotes osteogenesis, but the mechanisms remain unclear and therapeutic strategies using it to target bone disorders such as osteoporosis have not progressed. Mesobiliverdin IXα is a naturally occurring bilin analog of HO-1 catalytic product biliverdin IXα. Inclusion of mesobiliverdin IXα in the feed diet of ovariectomized osteoporotic mice was observed to increase femur bone volume, trabecular thickness and osteogenesis serum markers osteoprotegrin and osteocalcin and to decrease bone resorption serum markers cross-linked N-teleopeptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b. Moreover, in vitro exposure of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to mesobiliverdin IXα enhanced osteogenic differentiation efficiency by two-fold over non-exposed controls. Our results imply that mesobiliverdin IXα promotes osteogenesis in ways that reflect the potential therapeutic effects of induced HO-1 expression in alleviating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jon Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei T Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Ching-An Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.
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Kalia S, Lei XG. Dietary microalgae on poultry meat and eggs: explained versus unexplained effects. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102689. [PMID: 35114601 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Different types and sources of microalgae are used to feed broiler chickens and laying hens. This review provides a concise update on various impacts of feeding these novel ingredients on physical, chemical, and nutritional attributes of the resultant meat and eggs. Some of the observed effects may be associated with biochemical and molecular mechanisms derived from unique chemical compositions and nutritional values of microalgae. However, the full potential and the accurate mechanism of microalgae in producing health-promoting poultry foods remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kalia
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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Šefcová MA, Santacruz F, Larrea-Álvarez CM, Vinueza-Burgos C, Ortega-Paredes D, Molina-Cuasapaz G, Rodríguez J, Calero-Cáceres W, Revajová V, Fernández-Moreira E, Larrea-Álvarez M. Administration of Dietary Microalgae Ameliorates Intestinal Parameters, Improves Body Weight, and Reduces Thawing Loss of Fillets in Broiler Chickens: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3601. [PMID: 34944376 PMCID: PMC8698060 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot investigation aimed at studying the feasibility of using a low dose (0.2%) of dietary microalgae as a means of improving intestinal morphometry, body weight, and selected meat quality parameters in broilers. A total of 72 one-day-old ROSS 308 male chicks were randomly separated into four groups; three experimental pens in which the birds were fed with biomass from Tysochrysis lutea, Tetraselmis chuii, and Porphyridium cruentum over 30 days and a control group. T. chuii and P. cruentum had a positive effect with regard to body weight. In treated animals, duodenal and ileal sections showed characteristic tall and thin villi, with serrated surfaces and goblet cell differentiation. In both sections, values of the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio were increased by microalgae ingestion. The thawing weight loss of fillets was reduced in T. chuii-fed animals. The positive effects exerted by T. chuii and P. cruentum on intestinal architecture were associated with the improved body weight. Arguably, these outcomes exhibit the potential of using these species to enhance growth performance in broiler chickens by promoting gut homeostasis and thus nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Anna Šefcová
- Research Unit, Life Science Initiative (LSI), Quito 170102, Ecuador; (M.A.Š.); (C.M.L.-Á.)
| | - Francisco Santacruz
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Hacienda San José, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
| | | | - Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (C.V.-B.); (D.O.-P.)
| | - David Ortega-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (C.V.-B.); (D.O.-P.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Molina-Cuasapaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador; (G.M.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador; (G.M.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - William Calero-Cáceres
- UTA-RAM-One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180207, Ecuador;
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Esteban Fernández-Moreira
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Hacienda San José, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
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