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Richter L, Duvenage S, du Plessis EM, Msimango T, Dlangalala M, Mathavha MT, Molelekoa T, Kgoale DM, Korsten L. Genomic Evaluation of Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli from Irrigation Water and Fresh Produce in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39101763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, both commensal and pathogenic, can colonize plants and persist in various environments. It indicates fecal contamination in water and food and serves as a marker of antimicrobial resistance. In this context, 61 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli from irrigation water and fresh produce from previous studies were characterized using whole genome sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The Center for Genomic Epidemiology and Galaxy platforms were used to determine antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, plasmid typing, mobile genetic elements, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pathogenicity prediction. In total, 19 known MLST groups were detected among the 61 isolates. Phylogroup B1 (ST58) and Phylogroup E (ST9583) were the most common sequence types. The six ST10 (serotype O101:H9) isolates carried the most resistance genes, spanning eight antibiotic classes. Overall, 95.1% of the isolates carried resistance genes from three or more classes. The blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, and blaCTX-M-15 ESBL genes were associated with mobile genetic elements, and all of the E. coli isolates showed a >90% predicted probability of being a human pathogen. This study provided novel genomic information on environmental multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli from fresh produce and irrigation water, highlighting the environment as a reservoir for multidrug-resistant strains and emphasizing the need for ongoing pathogen surveillance within a One Health context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loandi Richter
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Stacey Duvenage
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thabang Msimango
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Manana Dlangalala
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Muneiwa Tshidino Mathavha
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Tintswalo Molelekoa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Degracious Moloko Kgoale
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Strasheim W, Lowe M, Smith AM, Etter EMC, Perovic O. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Human and Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates on a Commercial Pig Farm in South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:543. [PMID: 38927209 PMCID: PMC11200671 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an indicator micro-organism in One Health antibiotic resistance surveillance programs. The purpose of the study was to describe and compare E. coli isolates obtained from pigs and human contacts from a commercial farm in South Africa using conventional methods and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Porcine E. coli isolates were proportionally more resistant phenotypically and harbored a richer diversity of antibiotic resistance genes as compared to human E. coli isolates. Different pathovars, namely ExPEC (12.43%, 21/169), ETEC (4.14%, 7/169), EPEC (2.96%, 5/169), EAEC (2.96%, 5/169) and STEC (1.18%, 2/169), were detected at low frequencies. Sequence type complex (STc) 10 was the most prevalent (85.51%, 59/169) among human and porcine isolates. Six STcs (STc10, STc86, STc168, STc206, STc278 and STc469) were shared at the human-livestock interface according to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Core-genome MLST and hierarchical clustering (HC) showed that human and porcine isolates were overall genetically diverse, but some clustering at HC2-HC200 was observed. In conclusion, even though the isolates shared a spatiotemporal relationship, there were still differences in the virulence potential, antibiotic resistance profiles and cgMLST and HC according to the source of isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina Strasheim
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Michelle Lowe
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Anthony M. Smith
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg 2192, South Africa;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
| | - Eric M. C. Etter
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), 97170 Petit-Bourg, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Olga Perovic
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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Wang D, Ji X, Jiang B, Yuan Y, Liang B, Sun S, Zhu L, Liu J, Guo X, Yin Y, Sun Y. Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Carried by Migratory Birds on the Inner Mongolia Plateau of Northern China from 2018 to 2023. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1076. [PMID: 38930458 PMCID: PMC11205581 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent global threat to public health. Migratory birds can acquire antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic bacteria from the environment or through contact with each other and spread them over long distances. The objectives of this study were to explore the relationship between migratory birds and the transmission of drug-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli. (2) Methods: Faeces and swab samples from migratory birds were collected for isolating E. coli on the Inner Mongolia Plateau of northern China from 2018 to 2023. The resistant phenotypes and spectra of isolates were determined using a BD Phoenix 100 System. Conjugation assays were performed on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, and the genomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and ESBL-producing isolates were sequenced and analysed. (3) Results: Overall, 179 isolates were antibiotic-resistant, with 49.7% MDR and 14.0% ESBL. Plasmids were successfully transferred from 32% of ESBL-producing strains. Genome sequencing analysis of 91 MDR E. coli strains identified 57 acquired resistance genes of 13 classes, and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and avian pathogenic E. coli accounted for 26.4% and 9.9%, respectively. There were 52 serotypes and 54 sequence types (STs), including ST48 (4.4%), ST69 (4.4%), ST131 (2.2%) and ST10 (2.2%). The international high-risk clonal strains ST131 and ST10 primarily carried blaCTX-M-27 and blaTEM-176. (4) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant virulent E. coli in migratory birds on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. This indicates a risk of intercontinental transmission from migratory birds to livestock and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China;
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Xue Ji
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Shiwen Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Lingwei Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Yuhe Yin
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Yang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
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Tettey R, Egyir B, Tettey P, Arko-Mensah J, Addo SO, Owusu-Nyantakyi C, Boateng W, Fobil J. Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Urban Environmental water sources in Accra, Ghana, Provides Insights into public health implications. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301531. [PMID: 38787855 PMCID: PMC11125565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater discharge into the environment in resource-poor countries poses a threat to public health. Studies in this area within these countries are limited, and the use of high-throughput whole-genome sequencing technologies is lacking. Therefore, understanding of environmental impacts is inadequate. The present study investigated the antibiotic resistance profiles and diversity of beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated from environmental water sources in Accra, Ghana. Microbiological analyses were conducted on wastewater samples from three hospitals, a sewage and wastewater treatment plant, and water samples from two urban surface water bodies. Confirmed isolates (N = 57) were selected for phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles. Multi-drug-resistant isolates (n = 25) were genome sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology and screened for sequence types, antibiotic resistance, virulence and beta-lactamase genes, and mobile genetic elements. Isolates were frequently resistant to ampicillin (63%), meropenem (47%), azithromycin (46%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (42%). Twenty different sequence types (STs) were identified, including clinically relevant ones such as ST167 and ST21. Five isolates were assigned to novel STs: ST14531 (n = 2), ST14536, ST14537, and ST14538. The isolates belonged to phylogroups A (52%), B1 (44%), and B2 (4%) and carried β-lactamase (TEM-1B, TEM-1C, CTX-M-15, and blaDHA-1) and carbapenemase (OXA-1, OXA-181) resistance genes. Dominant plasmid replicons included Col440I (10.2%) and IncFIB (AP001918) (6.8%). Polluted urban environments in Accra are reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing a substantial public health risk. The findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Tettey
- Department of Biological, Environmental, and Occupational Health Science, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Beverly Egyir
- West African Center for Global Environmental & Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prudence Tettey
- Department of Biological, Environmental, and Occupational Health Science, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - John Arko-Mensah
- Department of Biological, Environmental, and Occupational Health Science, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Center for Global Environmental & Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Ofori Addo
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christian Owusu-Nyantakyi
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - William Boateng
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Julius Fobil
- West African Center for Global Environmental & Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Chelaru EC, Muntean AA, Hogea MO, Muntean MM, Popa MI, Popa GL. The Importance of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in African Countries: Evolution and Current Burden. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:295. [PMID: 38666971 PMCID: PMC11047529 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide healthcare problem. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) can spread quickly owing to their resistance mechanisms. Although colonized individuals are crucial for MDRO dissemination, colonizing microbes can lead to symptomatic infections in carriers. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are among the most important MDROs involved in colonizations and infections with severe outcomes. This review aimed to track down the first reports of CPE in Africa, describe their dissemination throughout African countries and summarize the current status of CRE and CPE data, highlighting current knowledge and limitations of reported data. Two database queries were undertaken using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), employing relevant keywords to identify articles that had as their topics beta-lactamases, carbapenemases and carbapenem resistance pertaining to Africa or African regions and countries. The first information on CPE could be traced back to the mid-2000s, but data for many African countries were established after 2015-2018. Information is presented chronologically for each country. Although no clear conclusions could be drawn for some countries, it was observed that CPE infections and colonizations are present in most African countries and that carbapenem-resistance levels are rising. The most common CPE involved are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, and the most prevalent carbapenemases are NDM-type and OXA-48-type enzymes. Prophylactic measures, such as screening, are required to combat this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar-Costin Chelaru
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Muntean
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai-Octav Hogea
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
| | - Mădălina-Maria Muntean
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
| | - Mircea-Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Loredana Popa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Parasitic Disease Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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Yu J, Lu H, Zhu L. Mutation-driven resistance development in wastewater E. coli upon low-level cephalosporins: Pharmacophore contribution and novel mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121235. [PMID: 38310801 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Cephalosporins have been widely applied in clinical and veterinary settings and detected at increasing concentrations in water environments. They potentially induce high-level antibiotic resistance at environmental concentrations. This study characterized how typical wastewater bacteria developed heritable antibiotic resistance under exposure to different cephalosporins, including pharmacophore-resistance correlation, resistance mechanism, and occurrence of resistance-relevant mutations in different water environments. Wastewater-isolated E. coli JX1 was exposed to eight cephalosporins individually at 25 µg/L for 60 days. Multidrug resistance developed and diverse mutations arose in selected mutants, where a single mutation in ATP phosphoribosyltransferase encoding gene (hisG) resulted in up to 128-fold increase in resistance to meropenem. Molprint2D pharma RQSAR analysis revealed that hydrogen-bond acceptors and hydrophobic groups in the R1 and R2 substituents of cephalosporins contributed positively to antibiotic resistance. Some of these pharmacophores may persist during bio- or photo-degradation in the environment. hisG mutation confers a novel resistance mechanism by inhibiting fatty acid degradation, and its variants were more abundant in water-related E. coli (especially in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants) compared with those in non-water environments. These results suggest that specific degradation of particular pharmacophores in cephalosporins could be useful for controlling resistance development, and mutations in previously unreported resistance genes (e.g., hisG) can lead to overlooked antibiotic resistance risks in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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7
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Tseng AS, Roberts MC, Weissman SJ, Rabinowitz PM. Study of heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from a marine ecosystem with a history of environmental pollution (arsenic, cadmium, copper, and mercury). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294565. [PMID: 37972039 PMCID: PMC10653420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed whole genome sequences of 308 Escherichia coli isolates from a marine ecosystem to determine the prevalence and relationships of heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as well as the presence of plasmid sequences. We screened all genomes for presence of 18 functional HMRGs conferring resistance to arsenic, cadmium, copper, or cadmium/mercury. In subset analyses, we examined geographic variations of HMRG carriage patterns in 224 isolates from water sources, and sought genetic linkages between HMRGs and ARGs in 25 genomes of isolates resistant to antibiotics. We found high carriage rates of HMRGs in all genomes, with 100% carrying at least one copy of 11 out of 18 HMRGs. A total of 173 (56%) of the isolates carried both HMRGs and plasmid sequences. In the 25 genomes of antibiotic-resistant isolates, 80% (n = 20) carried HMRGs, ARGs, and plasmid sequences, while 40% (n = 10) had linked HMRGs and ARGs on their assembled genomes. We found no evidence of geographic variation in HMRG frequency, nor any association between locational proximity to Superfund sites and co-carriage of HMRGs and ARGs. Our study findings indicate that HMRGs are common among E. coli in marine ecosystems, suggesting widespread heavy metal presence in water sources of a region with history of environmental pollution. Further research is needed to determine the role HMRGs play in driving antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens through genetic linkage and the value their detection in environmental bacterial genomes may offer as an indicator of environmental heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Tseng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marilyn C. Roberts
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Rabinowitz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for One Health Research, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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8
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Ortega-Balleza JL, Guerrero A, Castro-Escarpulli G, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Cruz-Hernández MA, de Luna-Santillana EDJ, Acosta-Cruz E, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Rivera G, Bocanegra-García V. Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:458. [PMID: 37888586 PMCID: PMC10610597 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is a major public health concern. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are the main drivers of this spread by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Escherichia coli is widespread in various environments and serves as an indicator for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the whole genome of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources. Four E. coli strains previously isolated from human urine (n = 2), retail meat (n = 1), and water from the Rio Grande River (n = 1) collected in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico, were analyzed. E. coli strains were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility, followed by whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Several ARGs were detected, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1B, blaCMY-2, qnrB, catB3, sul2, and sul3. Additionally, plasmid replicons (IncFIA, IncFIB, IncFII, IncY, IncR, and Col) and intact prophages were also found. Insertion sequences (ISs) were structurally linked with resistance and virulence genes. Finally, these findings indicate that E. coli strains have a large repertoire of resistance determinants, highlighting a high pathogenic potential and the need to monitor them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Ortega-Balleza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Abraham Guerrero
- CONACyT Program, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Mazatlán 82112, Mexico;
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico;
| | - Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - María Antonia Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Erick de Jesús de Luna-Santillana
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Erika Acosta-Cruz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo Coahuila 25280, Mexico;
| | - Irám Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Pedro de Alba s/n cruz con Ave. Manuel L. Barragán, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
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9
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Zhang M, Liu J, Hu N, Fang Q, Zhang D, Qiang Z, Pan X. Cascade capture, oxidization and inactivation for removing multi-species pollutants, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity from hospital wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131730. [PMID: 37269564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As reservoirs of pathogens, antimicrobial resistant microorganisms and a wide variety of pollutants, hospital wastewaters (HWWs) need to be effectively treated before discharge. This study employed the functionalized colloidal microbubble technology as one-step fast HWW treatment. Inorganic coagulant (monomeric Fe(III)-coagulant or polymeric Al(III)-coagulant) and ozone were used as surface-decorator and gaseous core modifier, respectively. The Fe(III)- or Al(III)-modified colloidal gas (or, ozone) microbubbles (Fe(III)-CCGMBs, Fe(III)-CCOMBs, Al(III)-CCGMBs and Al(III)-CCOMBs) were constructed. Within 3 min, CCOMBs decreased CODCr and fecal coliform concentration to the levels meeting the national discharge standard for medical organization. Regrowth of bacteria was inhibited and biodegradability of organics was increased after the simultaneous oxidation and cell-inactivation process. The metagenomics analysis further reveals that Al(III)-CCOMBs performed best in capturing the virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes and their potential hosts. The horizontal transfer of those harmful genes could be effectively hampered thanks to the removal of mobile genetic elements. Interestingly, the virulence factors of adherence, micronutrient uptake/acquisition and phase invasion could facilitate the interface-dominated capture. Featured as cascade processes of capture, oxidation and inactivation in the one-step operation, the robust Al(III)-CCOMB treatment is recommended for the HWW treatment and the protection of downstream aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Na Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qunkai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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10
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Elankumuran P, Browning GF, Marenda MS, Kidsley A, Osman M, Haenni M, Johnson JR, Trott DJ, Reid CJ, Djordjevic SP. Identification of genes influencing the evolution of Escherichia coli ST372 in dogs and humans. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen000930. [PMID: 36752777 PMCID: PMC9997745 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ST372 are widely reported as the major Escherichia coli sequence type in dogs globally. They are also a sporadic cause of extraintestinal infections in humans. Despite this, it is unknown whether ST372 strains from dogs and humans represent shared or distinct populations. Furthermore, little is known about genomic traits that might explain the prominence of ST372 in dogs or presence in humans. To address this, we applied a variety of bioinformatics analyses to a global collection of 407 ST372 E. coli whole-genome sequences to characterize their epidemiological features, population structure and associated accessory genomes. We confirm that dogs are the dominant host of ST372 and that clusters within the population structure exhibit distinctive O:H types. One phylogenetic cluster, 'cluster M', comprised almost half of the sequences and showed the divergence of two human-restricted clades that carried different O:H types to the remainder of the cluster. We also present evidence supporting transmission between dogs and humans within different clusters of the phylogeny, including M. We show that multiple acquisitions of the pdu propanediol utilization operon have occurred in clusters dominated by isolates of canine source, possibly linked to diet, whereas loss of the pdu operon and acquisition of K antigen virulence genes characterize human-restricted lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paarthiphan Elankumuran
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn F. Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville and Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc S. Marenda
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville and Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Kidsley
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marisa Haenni
- ANSES, Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | | | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Cameron J. Reid
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven P. Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Steven P. Djordjevic,
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11
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Mosaka TBM, Unuofin JO, Daramola MO, Tizaoui C, Iwarere SA. Inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes in wastewater streams: Current challenges and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1100102. [PMID: 36733776 PMCID: PMC9888414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics, which was once regarded as a timely medical intervention now leaves a bitter aftertaste: antimicrobial resistance (AMR), due to the unregulated use of these compounds and the poor management receiving wastewaters before discharge into pristine environments or the recycling of such treated waters. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been regarded a central sink for the mostly unmetabolized or partially metabolised antibiotics and is also pivotal to the incidence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARBs) and their resistance genes (ARGs), which consistently contribute to the global disease burden and deteriorating prophylaxis. In this regard, we highlighted WWTP-antibiotics consumption-ARBs-ARGs nexus, which might be critical to understanding the epidemiology of AMR and also guide the precise prevention and remediation of such occurrences. We also discovered the unsophistication of conventional WWTPs and treatment techniques for adequate treatment of antibiotics, ARBs and ARGs, due to their lack of compliance with environmental sustainability, then ultimately assessed the prospects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Herein, we observed that CAP technologies not only has the capability to disinfect wastewater polluted with copious amounts of chemicals and biologicals, but also have a potential to augment bioelectricity generation, when integrated into bio electrochemical modules, which future WWTPs should be retrofitted to accommodate. Therefore, further research should be conducted to unveil more of the unknowns, which only a snippet has been highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabang B. M. Mosaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John O. Unuofin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael O. Daramola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chedly Tizaoui
- Water and Resources Recovery Research Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A. Iwarere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,*Correspondence: Samuel A. Iwarere, ✉
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12
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Burgess SA, Moinet M, Brightwell G, Cookson AL. Whole genome sequence analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli recovered from New Zealand freshwater sites. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36200854 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are often isolated from humans with urinary tract infections and may display a multidrug-resistant phenotype. These pathogens represent a target for a One Health surveillance approach to investigate transmission between humans, animals and the environment. This study examines the multidrug-resistant phenotype and whole genome sequence data of four ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from freshwater in New Zealand. All four isolates were obtained from a catchment with a mixed urban and pastoral farming land-use. Three isolates were sequence type (ST) 131 (CTX-M-27-positive) and the other ST69 (CTX-M-15-positive); a phylogenetic comparison with other locally isolated strains demonstrated a close relationship with New Zealand clinical isolates. Genes associated with resistance to antifolates, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and macrolides were identified in all four isolates, together with fluoroquinolone resistance in two isolates. The ST69 isolate harboured the bla CTX-M-15 gene on a IncHI2A plasmid, and two of the three ST131 isolates harboured the bla CTX-M-27 genes on IncF plasmids. The last ST131 isolate harboured bla CTX-M-27 on the chromosome in a unique site between gspC and gspD. These data highlight a probable human origin of the isolates with subsequent transmission from urban centres through wastewater to the wider environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Burgess
- mEpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Marie Moinet
- AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.,New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Adrian L Cookson
- mEpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.,AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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13
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Altayb HN, Elbadawi HS, Alzahrani FA, Baothman O, Kazmi I, Nadeem MS, Hosawi S, Chaieb K. Co-Occurrence of β-Lactam and Aminoglycoside Resistance Determinants among Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli: A Genomic Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1011. [PMID: 36015159 PMCID: PMC9416466 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) in mobile genetic elements (MGEs) facilitates the rapid development and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which represents a serious problem for human health. This is a One Health study which aims to investigate the co-occurrence of antimicrobial resistance determinants among clinical and environmental isolates of K. pneumoniae and E. coli. Various bioinformatics tools were used to elucidate the bacterial strains' ID, resistome, virulome, MGEs, and phylogeny for 42 isolates obtained from hospitalized patients (n = 20) and environmental sites (including fresh vegetables, fruits, and drinking water) (n = 22). The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that K. pneumoniae belonged to ten sequence types (STs) while the E. coli belonged to seventeen STs. Multidrug-resistant isolates harbored β-lactam, aminoglycoside resistance determinants, and MGE were detected circulating in the environment (drinking water, fresh vegetables, and fruits) and in patients hospitalized with postoperative infections, neonatal sepsis, and urinary tract infection. Four K. pneumoniae environmental isolates (7E, 16EE, 1KE, and 19KE) were multidrug-resistant and were positive for different beta-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance determinants. blaCTX-M-15 in brackets of ISEc 9 and Tn 3 transposases was detected in isolates circulating in the pediatrics unit of Soba hospital and the environment. This study documented the presence of bacterial isolates harboring a similar pattern of antimicrobial resistance determinants circulating in hospitals and environments. A rapid response is needed from stakeholders to initiate a program for infection prevention and control measures to detect such clones disseminated in the communities and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham N. Altayb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana S. Elbadawi
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Faisal A. Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cells Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamel Chaieb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environmental and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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14
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Kaewnirat K, Chuaychob S, Chukamnerd A, Pomwised R, Surachat K, Phoo MTP, Phaothong C, Sakunrang C, Jeenkeawpiam K, Hortiwakul T, Charernmak B, Chusri S. In vitro Synergistic Activities of Fosfomycin in Combination with Other Antimicrobial Agents Against Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Harboring blaNDM-1 on the IncN2 Plasmid and a Study of the Genomic Characteristics of These Pathogens. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1777-1791. [PMID: 35437346 PMCID: PMC9013254 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s357965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) encoded by the blaNDM gene has been a global health crisis for many years. Most of blaNDM-harboring bacteria commonly carry various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes on their chromosomes or plasmids, leading to limited treatment options. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of fosfomycin in combination with other antimicrobial agents against blaNDM-harboring carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) and to characterize the whole-genome and plasmid sequences of these pathogens. Methods Thirty-eight CREC isolates were collected from patients in the Medicine Ward, Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand. The activity of fosfomycin in combination with other antimicrobial agents against CREC isolates harboring blaNDM on the plasmid was evaluated using the checkerboard method. In this method, the serial dilutions of two antibiotics were mixed with the cultured CREC, the mixtures were incubated, and FICI was calculated to interpret the synergistic activity of the combination. The whole-genome and particular plasmids of these pathogens were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Sequence analysis, especially on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, mobile-genetic elements (MGEs), and virulence genes was performed using many bioinformatics tools. Results Of the E. coli 38 isolates, only 3 isolates contained the blaNDM-1 gene, which is located on the IncN2 plasmid. The combinations of fosfomycin with aminoglycosides, colistin, tigecycline, sitafloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were synergies against blaNDM-1-harboring CREC isolates. Genomic analysis revealed that these isolates harbored many β-lactam resistance genes and other AMR genes that may confer resistance to aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, rifampicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and macrolide. Also, various MGEs, especially the blaNDM-1-bearing IncN2 plasmid, were present in these isolates. Conclusion Our study demonstrated some synergistic effects of antimicrobial combination against CREC isolates harboring blaNDM-1 on the IncN2 plasmid. Also, our data on the whole-genome and plasmid sequences might be beneficial in the control of the spread of blaNDM-1-harboring CREC isolates. The linkages between blaNDM-1-carrying plasmid, patient information, and time of collection will be elucidated to track the horizontal gene transfer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyarat Kaewnirat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Surachat Chuaychob
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Arnon Chukamnerd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rattanaruji Pomwised
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Komwit Surachat
- Molecular Evolution and Computational Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Division of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - May Thet Paing Phoo
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chanitnart Phaothong
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chanida Sakunrang
- Molecular Evolution and Computational Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kongpop Jeenkeawpiam
- Molecular Evolution and Computational Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Hortiwakul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Boonsri Charernmak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Correspondence: Sarunyou Chusri, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand, Tel +66 8 973 40446, Email
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15
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Resistant Genes and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater: A Study of Their Transfer to the Water Reservoir in the Czech Republic. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020147. [PMID: 35207435 PMCID: PMC8875776 DOI: 10.3390/life12020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater is considered the most serious source of the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. This work, therefore, focuses on the fate and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater and the monitoring of multidrug-resistant strains. ARGs were monitored in the nitrification and sedimentation tanks of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and in the dam into which this WWTP flows, at various times. The highest relative abundance was found for the blaTEM > tetW > blaNDM-1 > vanA resistance genes, respectively. An increased concentration of tetracycline (up to 96.00 ng/L) and ampicillin (up to 19.00 ng/L) was found in water samples compared to other antibiotics detected. The increased incidence of seven ARGs and four antibiotics was observed in the November and December sampling times. Isolated ampicillin-resistant strains showed a high degree of resistance to ampicillin (61.2% of the total isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 20 mg/mL). In 87.8% of isolates, out of the total number, the occurrence of two or more ARGs was confirmed. These multidrug-resistant strains were most often identified as Aeromonas sp. This strain could represent a significant role in the spread of multidrug resistance through wastewater in the environment.
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16
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Ksiezarek M, Novais Â, Peixe L. The Darkest Place Is under the Candlestick-Healthy Urogenital Tract as a Source of Worldwide Disseminated Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Lineages. Microorganisms 2021; 10:27. [PMID: 35056476 PMCID: PMC8778945 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the urinary microbiome, including the identification of Escherichia coli in healthy hosts, its involvement in UTI development has been a subject of high interest. We explored the population diversity and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli (n = 22) in the urogenital microbiome of ten asymptomatic women (representing 50% of the sample tested). We evaluated their genomic relationship with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains from healthy and diseased hosts, including the ST131 lineage. E. coli prevalence was higher in vaginal samples than in urine samples, and occasionally different lineages were observed in the same individual. Furthermore, B2 was the most frequent phylogenetic group, with the most strains classified as ExPEC. Resistance to antibiotics of therapeutic relevance (e.g., amoxicillin-clavulanate conferred by blaTEM-30) was observed in ExPEC widespread lineages sequence types (ST) 127, ST131, and ST73 and ST95 clonal complexes. Phylogenomics of ST131 and other ExPEC lineages revealed close relatedness with strains from gastrointestinal tract and diseased host. These findings demonstrate that healthy urogenital microbiome is a source of potentially pathogenic and antibiotic resistant E. coli strains, including those causing UTI, e.g., ST131. Importantly, diverse E. coli lineages can be observed per individual and urogenital sample type which is relevant for future studies screening for this uropathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ksiezarek
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.K.); (Â.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Novais
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.K.); (Â.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.K.); (Â.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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17
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Ragheb SM, Govinden U, Osei Sekyere J. Genetic support of carbapenemases: a One Health systematic review and meta-analysis of current trends in Africa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1509:50-73. [PMID: 34753206 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat globally. Carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics used as last-resort agents for treating antibiotic-resistant infections. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) play an important role in the dissemination and expression of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), including the mobilization of ARGs within and between species. The presence of MGEs around carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes, called carbapenemases, in bacterial isolates in Africa is concerning. The association between MGEs and carbapenemases is described herein. Specific plasmid replicons, integrons, transposons, and insertion sequences were found flanking specific and different carbapenemases across the same and different clones and species isolated from humans, animals, and the environment. Notably, similar genetic contexts have been reported in non-African countries, supporting the importance of MGEs in driving the intra- and interclonal and species transmission of carbapenemases in Africa and globally. Technical and budgetary limitations remain challenges for epidemiological analysis of carbapenemases in Africa, as studies undertaken with whole-genome sequencing remained relatively few. Characterization of MGEs in antibiotic-resistant infections can deepen our understanding of carbapenemase epidemiology and facilitate the control of AMR in Africa. Investment in genomic epidemiology will facilitate faster clinical interventions and containment of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Mohammed Ragheb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Usha Govinden
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, Indiana.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Bolukaoto JY, Singh A, Alfinete N, Barnard TG. Occurrence of Hybrid Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli Associated with Multidrug Resistance in Environmental Water, Johannesburg, South Africa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2163. [PMID: 34683484 PMCID: PMC8538365 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in environmental waters of Johannesburg, South Africa. Samples were collected and cultured on selective media. An 11-plex PCR assay was used to differentiate five DEC, namely: enteroaggregative (EAEC), enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic (ETEC). The antibiotic resistance profile of isolates was determined using the VITEK®-2 automated system. The virulence profiles of 170 E. coli tested showed that 40% (68/170) were commensals and 60% (102/170) were pathogenic. EPEC had a prevalence of 19.2% (32/170), followed by ETEC 11.4% (19/170), EAEC 6% (10/170) and EHEC 3% (5/170). Hybrid DEC carrying a combination of simultaneously two and three pathogenic types was detected in twenty-eight and nine isolates, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility testing showed isolates with multidrug resistance, including cefuroxime (100%), ceftazidime (86%), cefotaxime (81%) and cefepime (79%). This study highlighted the widespread occurrence of DEC and antibiotic resistance strains in the aquatic ecosystem of Johannesburg. The presence of hybrid pathotypes detected in this study is alarming and might lead to more severe diseases. There is a necessity to enhance surveillance in reducing the propagation of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant strains in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tobias G. Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2092, South Africa; (J.Y.B.); (A.S.); (N.A.)
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Thuthikkadu Indhuprakash S, Karthikeyan M, Gopal G, Ambi SV, Sekaran S, Palaniappan B, Diraviyam T. Antibody therapy against antibiotic-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: a systematic review. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1305-1320. [PMID: 34463122 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over four billion episodes of diarrhea occur annually in developing countries with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) outbreaks also being reported, until now bacterial diarrhea is conventionally addressed by the antibiotic treatment regimes. In recent decades, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains has become a major obstacle in diarrheal treatment; hence, novel and ideal therapeutics are needed. Notably, 80% of DEC is resistant to first-class antibiotics. Among the existing strategies, passive immunization is considered as an alternative to combat drug-resistant bacteria. Antibodies specific to an antigen can be used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we have systematically discussed the effect of passive immunotherapy to combat DEC and explored the types and advancements in antibodies used against antibiotic-resistant DEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srichandrasekar Thuthikkadu Indhuprakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukunthan Karthikeyan
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Gopal
- Department of Bioengineering, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Visaga Ambi
- Department of Bioengineering, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-77, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Palaniappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumalai Diraviyam
- Department of Bioengineering, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Analysis of Wastewater Reveals the Spread of Diverse Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing E. coli Strains in uMgungundlovu District, South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070860. [PMID: 34356780 PMCID: PMC8300763 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), favouring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) interchange among bacteria and they can provide valuable information on ARB circulating in a community. This study characterised extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from the influent and effluent of four WWTPs in uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. E. coli was enumerated using the membrane filtration method and confirmed using the API 20E test and real-time polymerase chain reaction. ESBL-producers were phenotypically identified by their susceptibility to the third-generation cephalosporins using the disc diffusion and the double-disc synergy methods against cefotaxime (30 µg) with and without 10 µg clavulanic acid. Genotypic verification was by PCR of the TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes. The clonality of isolates was assessed by ERIC-PCR. The highest E. coli count ranged between 1.1 × 105 (influent) and 4.3 × 103 CFU/mL (effluent). Eighty pure isolates were randomly selected, ten from the influent and effluent of each of the four WWTP. ESBLs were phenotypically confirmed in 49% (n = 39) of the isolates, of which 77% (n = 30) were genotypically confirmed. Seventy-three percent of the total isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Only two isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics. Overall, resistance to first and second-generation cephalosporins was higher than to third and fourth generation cephalosporins. Also, 15% of the isolates were resistant to carbapenems. The CTX-M-type ESBL (67%; n = 20) was the most common ESBL antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) followed by TEM (57%; n = 17) and SHV-types (27%; n = 8). Also, a substantial number of isolates simultaneously carried all three ESBL genes. ERIC-PCR revealed a high diversity of isolates. The diversity of the isolates observed in the influent samples suggest the potential circulation of different ESBL-producing strains within the studied district, requiring a more comprehensive epidemiological study to prevent the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria within impoverished communities.
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Huang L, Ahmed S, Gu Y, Huang J, An B, Wu C, Zhou Y, Cheng G. The Effects of Natural Products and Environmental Conditions on Antimicrobial Resistance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144277. [PMID: 34299552 PMCID: PMC8303546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the extensive application of antibiotics in medical and farming practices, the continued diversification and development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has attracted serious public concern. With the emergence of AMR and the failure to treat bacterial infections, it has led to an increased interest in searching for novel antibacterial substances such as natural antimicrobial substances, including microbial volatile compounds (MVCs), plant-derived compounds, and antimicrobial peptides. However, increasing observations have revealed that AMR is associated not only with the use of antibacterial substances but also with tolerance to heavy metals existing in nature and being used in agriculture practice. Additionally, bacteria respond to environmental stresses, e.g., nutrients, oxidative stress, envelope stress, by employing various adaptive strategies that contribute to the development of AMR and the survival of bacteria. Therefore, we need to elucidate thoroughly the factors and conditions affecting AMR to take comprehensive measures to control the development of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Yufeng Gu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Junhong Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Boyu An
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Cuirong Wu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Yujie Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Athanasakopoulou Z, Reinicke M, Diezel C, Sofia M, Chatzopoulos DC, Braun SD, Reissig A, Spyrou V, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Tsilipounidaki K, Giannakopoulos A, Petinaki E, Billinis C. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals in Greece. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:389. [PMID: 33916633 PMCID: PMC8067336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the multidrug resistance phenotype and genotype of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates of livestock and wild bird origin in Greece. Nineteen phenotypically confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle (n = 7), pigs (n = 11) and a Eurasian magpie that presented resistance to at least one class of non β-lactam antibiotics, were selected and genotypically characterized. A DNA-microarray based assay was used, which allows the detection of various genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. All isolates harbored blaCTX-M-1/15, while blaTEM was co-detected in 13 of them. The AmpC gene blaMIR was additionally detected in one strain. Resistance genes were also reported for aminoglycosides in all 19 isolates, for quinolones in 6, for sulfonamides in 17, for trimethoprim in 14, and for macrolides in 8. The intI1 and/or tnpISEcp1 genes, associated with mobile genetic elements, were identified in all but two isolates. This report describes the first detection of multidrug resistance genes among ESBL-producing E. coli strains retrieved from feces of cattle, pigs, and a wild bird in Greece, underlining their dissemination in diverse ecosystems and emphasizing the need for a One-Health approach when addressing the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Martin Reinicke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Sofia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institut fuer Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultaet “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Alexios Giannakopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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