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Rapaliute E, van Roon A, van Schaik G, Santman-Berends I, Koleci X, Mincu M, Gethmann J, Conrady B, Knific T, Hodnik JJ, Berezowski J, Carmo LP, Madouasse A, Tarpai A, Gerilovych A, Malakauskas A, Sekovska B, Fourichon C, Kalaitzakis E, Roch FF, Houe H, Dudek K, Mõtus K, Ózsvári L, Costa L, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo M, Henry MK, Alishani M, Pozzato N, Hopp P, Juste R, Strain S, Mandelik R, Vilček Š, Autio T, Tamminen LM, Faverjon C. Existence and Quality of Data on Control Programs for EU Non-regulated Cattle Diseases: Consequences for Estimation and Comparison of the Probability of Freedom From Infection. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:689375. [PMID: 34350229 PMCID: PMC8328145 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.689375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some European countries have successfully implemented country-specific control programs (CPs) for infectious cattle diseases that are not regulated or are regulated only to a limited extent at the European Union (EU) level. Examples of such diseases include bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Johne's disease (JD). The CPs vary between countries in the design and quality of collected data as well as methods used to detect infection and estimate prevalence or probability of freedom from infection. Differences in disease status between countries and non-standardized approaches to assess freedom from infection pose a risk for countries with CPs for non-regulated diseases as infected animals may influence the progress of the disease control or eradication program. The implementation of output-based standards allows estimation and comparison of the probability of freedom for non-regulated cattle diseases in European countries. The aim of the current study was to assess the existence and quality of data that could be used for estimating freedom from infection in European countries. The online data collection tool was sent to 32 countries participating in the SOUND control COST Action and was completed by 24 countries. Data on cattle demographics and data from CPs of IBR and BVD exist in more than 50% of the response countries. However, data describing risk factors and CP of JD was reported as existing in <25% of the countries. The overall quality of data in the sections on demographics and CPs of IBR and BVD were evaluated as "good", but risk factors and JD data were mostly evaluated as "fair." Data quality was considered less good mainly due to two quality criteria: accessibility and accuracy. The results of this study show that the quantity and quality of data about cattle populations and CPs are relatively similar in many surveyed countries. The outcome of this work provides an overview of the current situation in the European countries regarding data on EU non-regulated cattle diseases and will further assist in the development and implementation of output-based standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Rapaliute
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Annika van Roon
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Unit Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Unit Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - Inge Santman-Berends
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Unit Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - Xhelil Koleci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Madalina Mincu
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Jörn Gethmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Beate Conrady
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tanja Knific
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - John Berezowski
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luís Pedro Carmo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Attila Tarpai
- Section of Epidemiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Alvydas Malakauskas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Blagica Sekovska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Emmanouil Kalaitzakis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Houe
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Dudek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Kerli Mõtus
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - László Ózsvári
- Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lina Costa
- Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Praça Do Município 11, Portalegre, Portugal
| | | | - Madeleine K Henry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Mentor Alishani
- Veterinary Department of the Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Nicola Pozzato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Petter Hopp
- Section of Epidemiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ramon Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Arkaute, Spain
| | - Sam Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United Kingdom
| | - Rene Mandelik
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Vilček
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Tiina Autio
- Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lena-Mari Tamminen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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