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Steigerwald H, Blanco-Pérez F, Macías-Camero A, Albrecht M, Huch M, Bender C, Schülke S, Keller J, Krause M, Barbas C, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Toda M, Barber D, Kulling S, Bunzel M, Vieths S, Villaseñor A, Stoll D, Scheurer S. Effects of pectin methyl-esterification on intestinal microbiota and its immunomodulatory properties in naive mice. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122007. [PMID: 38553199 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Pectins are dietary fibers that are attributed with several beneficial immunomodulatory effects. Depending on the degree of esterification (DE), pectins can be classified as high methoxyl pectin (HMP) or low methoxyl pectin (LMP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pectin methyl-esterification on intestinal microbiota and its immunomodulatory properties in naive mice. Supplementation of the diet with LMP or HMP induced changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice toward Bacteroides, which was mainly promoted by HMP. Metabolome analysis of stool samples from pectin-fed mice showed a different effect of the two types of pectin on the levels of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, which was consistent with highly efficient in vivo fermentation of LMP. Analysis of serum antibody levels showed a significant increase in IgG and IgA levels by both pectins, while FACS analysis revealed a decrease of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the intestinal lamina propria by HMP. Our study revealed that the structural properties of the investigated pectins determine fermentability, effects on microbial composition, metabolite production, and modulation of immune responses. Consumption of HMP preferentially altered the gut microbiota and suppressed pro-inflammatory immune responses, suggesting a beneficial role in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Steigerwald
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Molecular Allergology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Frank Blanco-Pérez
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Molecular Allergology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Macías-Camero
- Departmento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
| | - Melanie Albrecht
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Molecular Allergology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Melanie Huch
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Caroline Bender
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Molecular Allergology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Judith Keller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Maren Krause
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Molecular Allergology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Masako Toda
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departmento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
| | - Sabine Kulling
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Molecular Allergology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Departmento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
| | - Dominic Stoll
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stephan Scheurer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Molecular Allergology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
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Yang D, Shen J, Tang C, Lu Z, Lu F, Bie X, Meng F, Zhao H. Prevention of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice by soluble dietary fiber from fermented and unfermented millet bran. Food Res Int 2024; 179:113974. [PMID: 38342528 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-related diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension pose many risks to human health. Thus, mice on a high-fat diet were gavaged with millet bran (unfermented/fermented) soluble dietary fiber (RSDF/FSDF, 500 mg·kg-1) for 10 weeks in current research, and then evaluated the various biological indicators. These findings revealed that RSDF and FSDF supplements could prevent fat synthesis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene expression. The RSDF supplements can also accelerate fat catabolism through enhanced the mRNA expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. FSDF supplements can prevent obesity by decreasing 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase expression and increasing cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression. Moreover, FSDF also controls obesity development by lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and bile acid levels in the liver. Notably, FSDF supplements can promote Bacteroides and Prevotella propagation; excretive propionic acid binds to free fatty acid receptor 2/3 and then stimulates intestinal epithelial cells to generate glucagon-like-peptide-1 and peptide YY, which can reduce food and energy intake and ultimately prevent obesity. All evidence suggests that FSDF supplements play a crucial role in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Tamura M, Watanabe J, Noguchi T, Nishikawa T. High poly-γ-glutamic acid-containing natto improves lipid metabolism and alters intestinal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:47-56. [PMID: 38292115 PMCID: PMC10822762 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Several beneficial effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) have been reported. To test whether natto, a fermented soy food rich in γ-PGA, can improve intestinal microbiota content and lipid metabolism in a high-fat diet, we compared the intestinal microbiota content, plasma, liver, and fecal contents, and changes in gene expression in the livers and large intestines of a group of mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cooked soybeans (SC group) and a group fed a high-fat diet supplemented with natto (NA group) for 42 days; high-fat diet-fed mice were used as a control (Con group). Hepatic lipid levels were significantly lower, the fecal bile acid and lipid levels were significantly greater, and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was significantly higher in the SC and NA groups as compared to Con group. Additionally, plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, the expression of liver fatty acid synthase, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly higher in the NA group than in the Con group. Although both natto and cooked soybeans impacted the metabolic response to a high-fat diet, the addition of natto had a greater effect on glucose and lipid metabolism. γ-PGA may play an important role in natto functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Noguchi
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, 3781-1 Nagaoka, Ibaraki-machi, Ibaraki 311-3195, Japan
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Bokshowan E, Olver TD, Costa MDO, Weber LP. Oligosaccharides and diet-related dilated cardiomyopathy in beagles. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1183301. [PMID: 37565080 PMCID: PMC10411538 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1183301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 2018 the US Food and Drug Administration reported a potential link between grain-free, legume-containing dog foods and the development of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in atypical breeds. One hypothesis was that high oligosaccharide content in legumes reduced bioavailability of taurine, an amino acid with some previous links to canine dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods To address this hypothesis, in the present study, 8 Beagle dogs consumed four diets: a husbandry commercial dental diet, and three test diets formulated with either 30% rice (control), 30% pea (grain-free) or 30% rice with the addition of 1% raffinose (the predominant oligosaccharide found in peas). The study was conducted in a randomized, crossover design with 5 week feeding periods. Measurement of basic health parameters (weight, body condition score, complete blood cell count, chemistry panel), plasma amino acids, cardiac biomarkers (plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac-specific troponin I), fecal bile acids and echocardiographic exams were completed pre-study after feeding the husbandry diet as well as after each test feeding period. Results Echocardiography showed 9-11% reduction in ejection fraction and 17- 20% greater left ventricular end systolic volume with the husbandry diet compared to both grain-containing test diets. Concentrations of plasma NT-proBNP were 1.3-2 times greater after the husbandry diet compared to the grain-based diet, with the oligosaccharide and pea-based diets showing intermediate levels. Plasma taurine levels were unchanged across diets, while plasma methionine levels were highest and cysteine/cystine levels were lowest after dogs ate the husbandry diet. Discussion Results indicate that raffinose in the diet is sufficient, but not required to see an increase NT-proBNP, but did not induce any changes in cardiac function after 5 weeks of feeding. Whether this could progress to reduction in cardiac function with longer term feeding is uncertain. A reduced cardiac function along with the greatest increase in NT-proBNP was observed after feeding the husbandry diet that contained the highest amount of insoluble fiber but did not contain legumes or oligosaccharide. Further research into the impact of insoluble fiber in the dental diet is needed to support these novel observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Bokshowan
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - T. Dylan Olver
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Matheus de O. Costa
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lynn P. Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Quilliam C, Reis LG, Ren Y, Ai Y, Weber LP. Effects of a 28-day feeding trial of grain-containing versus pulse-based diets on cardiac function, taurine levels and digestibility in domestic dogs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285381. [PMID: 37228111 PMCID: PMC10212094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration reported a link between canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and grain-free diets. Evidence to support a link has emerged, but the specific ingredients responsible and the role of taurine or other causative factors remain unclear. We hypothesized dogs fed pulse-based, grain-free diets for 28 days will show decreased macronutrient digestibility, increased fecal bile acid excretion, and reduced plasma cystine, cysteine, methionine and taurine, causing sub-clinical cardiac or blood changes indicative of early DCM. Three diets were formulated using white rice flour (grain), whole lentil (grain-free), or wrinkled pea (grain-free) and compared to the pre-trial phase on a commercial grain-based diet. After 28 days of feeding each diet, the wrinkled pea diet impaired stroke volume and cardiac output, increased end-systolic ventricular diameter and increased plasma N-Terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-ProBNP), albeit in a sub-clinical manner. Digestibility of some macronutrients and sulphur-containing amino acids, excluding taurine, also decreased with pulse-based compared to grain-based diets, likely due to higher fiber levels. Plasma taurine levels were unchanged; however, plasma methionine was significantly lower after feeding all test diets compared to the commercial diet. Overall, DCM-like changes observed with the wrinkled pea diet, but not lentil diet, after only 4 weeks in a breed not known to be susceptible support a link between pea-based diets and canine nutritionally-mediated DCM.
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Grants
- Alberta Pulse Growers, Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Growers, Ontario Bean Growers, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Pulse Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Pulse Cluster), and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
- Horizon Pet Foods (Rosthern, SK Canada)
- T Wakertin (Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada)
- M Tulbek of Alliance Grain Traders (Saskatoon, SK Canada)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Quilliam
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Luciana G. Reis
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yikai Ren
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Ai
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lynn P. Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Carelli LL, D'Aquila P, Rango FD, Incorvaia A, Sena G, Passarino G, Bellizzi D. Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Low-Calorie and Two-Phase Diets in Obese Individuals. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081841. [PMID: 37111060 PMCID: PMC10140827 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Different nutritional regimens have been reported to exert beneficial effects on obesity through the regulation of the composition and function of gut microbiota. In this context, we conducted in obese subjects two dietary interventions consisting of a low-calorie and two-phase (ketogenic plus low-calorie) diet for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and following the two diets, and gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A significant reduction was observed for abdominal circumference and insulin levels in the subjects following the two-phase diet. Significant differences in gut microbial composition were observed after treatment compared to the baseline. Both diets induced taxonomic shifts including a decrease in Proteobacteria, which are recognized as dysbiosis markers and enrichment of Verrucomicrobiaceae, which has recently emerged as an effective probiotic. An increase in Bacteroidetes, constituting the so-called good bacteria, was observable only in the two-phase diet. These findings provide evidence that a targeted nutritional regimen and an appropriate use of probiotics can modulate gut microbiota to reach a favorable composition and achieve the balance often compromised by different pathologies and conditions, such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Giada Sena
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Vecchiato CG, Pinna C, Sung CH, Borrelli De Andreis F, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R, Delsante C, Sportelli F, Mammi LME, Pietra M, Biagi G. Fecal Microbiota, Bile Acids, Sterols, and Fatty Acids in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy Fed a Home-Cooked Diet Supplemented with Coconut Oil. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030502. [PMID: 36766392 PMCID: PMC9913398 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are considered to be interesting energy sources for dogs affected by chronic enteropathies (CE). This study analyzed the clinical scores, fecal microbiota, and metabolomes of 18 CE dogs fed a home-cooked diet (HCD) supplemented with virgin coconut oil (VCO), a source of MCFA, at 10% of metabolizable energy (HCD + VCO). The dogs were clinically evaluated with the Canine Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index (CCECAI) before and at the end of study. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, after 7 days of HCD, and after 30 days of HCD + VCO, for fecal score (FS) assessment, microbial analysis, and determination of bile acids (BA), sterols, and fatty acids (FA). The dogs responded positively to diet change, as shown by the CCECAI improvement (p = 0.001); HCD reduced fecal fat excretion and HCD + VCO improved FS (p < 0.001), even though an increase in fecal moisture occurred due to HCD (p = 0.001). HCD modified fecal FA (C6:0: +79%, C14:0: +74%, C20:0: +43%, C22:0: +58%, C24:0: +47%, C18:3n-3: +106%, C20:4n-6: +56%, and monounsaturated FA (MUFA): -23%, p < 0.05) and sterol profile (coprostanol: -27%, sitostanol: -86%, p < 0.01). VCO increased (p < 0.05) fecal total saturated FA (SFA: +28%, C14:0: +142%, C16:0 +21%, C22:0 +33%) and selected MCFAs (+162%; C10:0 +183%, C12:0 +600%), while reducing (p < 0.05) total MUFA (-29%), polyunsaturated FA (-26%), campesterol (-56%) and phyto-/zoosterols ratio (0.93:1 vs. 0.36:1). The median dysbiosis index was <0 and, together with fecal BA, was not significantly affected by HCD nor by VCO. The HCD diet increased total fecal bacteria (p = 0.005) and the abundance of Fusobacterium spp. (p = 0.028). This study confirmed that clinical signs, and to a lesser extent fecal microbiota and metabolome, are positively influenced by HCD in CE dogs. Moreover, it has been shown that fecal proportions of MCFA increased when MCFAs were supplemented in those dogs. The present results emphasize the need for future studies to better understand the intestinal absorptive mechanism of MCFA in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Giuditta Vecchiato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlo Pinna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Francesca Borrelli De Andreis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Costanza Delsante
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Sportelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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Dietary Inflammatory Nutrients and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235179. [PMID: 36501209 PMCID: PMC9737973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a case-control study (532 cases and 532 control) in Chinese adults to investigate the independent and interactive effects of dietary nutrients (pro- or anti-inflammation) on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) risk. Dietary data were collected using a food questionnaire survey that included 171 items. Two algorithms, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were employed to select indicators and evaluate the interactive effect of nutrients' mixture on ESCC risk. Thirteen nutrients were selected, including three pro-inflammatory nutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrate) and ten anti-inflammatory nutrients (fiber, Vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin C, Fe, Se, MUFA, n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA). Single-exposure effects of fat, carbohydrate and fiber significantly contributed to ESCC risk. The pro-inflammatory nutrients' submodel discovered that the combined effect was statistically associated with increased ESCC risk. In addition, a higher fat level was significantly associated with ESCC risk. On the contrary, for fiber and riboflavin, the anti-inflammatory nutrients' submodel delineated a significant negative effect on the risk of ESCC. Our result implies that dietary nutrients and their inflammatory traits significantly impacted ESCC occurrence. Additional studies are warranted to verify our findings.
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DAYI TAYGUN, OZGOREN MURAT. Effects of the Mediterranean diet on the components of metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E56-E64. [PMID: 36479500 PMCID: PMC9710414 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, also as known as Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance Syndrome, is a complex health problem featuring visceral obesity (the main diagnostic criterion), insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure. Currently, this health condition has gained a momentum globally while raising concerns among health-related communities. The World Health Organization, American Heart Association and International Diabetes Federation have formulated diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. Diet and nutrition can influence this syndrome: for example, the Western diet is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, whereas the Nordic and Mediterranean diets and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension are potentially beneficial. The Mediterranean diet can affect the components of metabolic syndrome due to its high dietary fiber, omega 3 and 9 fatty acids, complex carbohydrates, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins and bioactive substances, such as polyphenols. These nutrients and bioactive substances can combat obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms by which they do so are generally related to oxidative stress, inflammation (the most common risk factors for metabolic syndrome) and gastrointestinal function. The literature also shows examples of positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on the metabolic syndrome. In this review of the literature, we shed light on the effects, mechanisms and dynamic relationship between the Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- TAYGUN DAYI
- Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Taygun Dayi, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail: ; Murat Ozgoren, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail:
| | - MURAT OZGOREN
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Taygun Dayi, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail: ; Murat Ozgoren, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail:
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10
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Abstract
Bile acids wear many hats, including those of an emulsifier to facilitate nutrient absorption, a cholesterol metabolite, and a signaling molecule in various tissues modulating itching to metabolism and cellular functions. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver but exhibit wide-ranging effects indicating their ability to mediate organ-organ crosstalk. So, how does a steroid metabolite orchestrate such diverse functions? Despite the inherent chemical similarity, the side chain decorations alter the chemistry and biology of the different bile acid species and their preferences to bind downstream receptors distinctly. Identification of new modifications in bile acids is burgeoning, and some of it is associated with the microbiota within the intestine. Here, we provide a brief overview of the history and the various receptors that mediate bile acid signaling in addition to its crosstalk with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Correspondence: Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk, PhD, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 S Mathews Ave, 453 Medical Sciences Bldg, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Tôrres CL, Biourge VC, Backus RC. Plasma and Whole Blood Taurine Concentrations in Dogs May Not Be Sensitive Indicators of Taurine Deficiency When Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Content Is Reduced. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:873460. [PMID: 35615252 PMCID: PMC9125078 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.873460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taurine status is impacted by dietary supply of methionine and cysteine (SAA) and possibly intestinal microbial activity, where plasma and whole blood taurine concentrations are currently used to evaluate taurine status. Objective We determined effects of dietary SAA restriction on rate and extent of taurine depletion of blood and skeletal muscle in dogs of two body sizes, and whether oral antibiotic administration affected the taurine depletion and fecal bile acid excretion of the dogs. Methods Adult, male, Beagles (n = 6; 10.1–13.1 kg) and larger mixed-breed dogs (n = 6; 28.5–41.1 kg) were given four dry-expanded diets, whereby each successive diet contained lower protein and/or SAA concentration. After receiving the final diet for 44 weeks, all dogs were orally administered a mixture of ampicillin, neomycin sulfate, and metronidazole for 12 weeks. Taurine concentrations were determined every 2–4 weeks in venous blood and voided urine and every 4 to 16 weeks in biopsied semimembranosus muscle. Fecal bile acid excretion before and after antibiotics administration were quantified. Results When given for 36 weeks the lowest SAA diet, 3.4% methionine and 2.9% cystine, taurine concentrations in whole blood were not different between groups, while taurine in plasma declined (P < 0.05) in large but not in small dogs, and taurine in biopsied muscle decreased (P < 0.05) by 50% in large and by 37% in small dogs. Concentrations of taurine in muscle were lower (P < 0.01) and fecal bile acids greater (P = 0.001) in large than small dogs. Antibiotic administration restored plasma and muscle taurine to initial concentrations and halved fecal bile acid excretion by dogs of both groups. Conclusions Blood taurine concentration may not be a sensitive indictor of taurine depletion caused by low intake of bioavailable SAA in dogs, especially in large dogs. Taurine status and dietary SAA requirements of dogs may substantively depend on taurine loss mediated by intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L. Tôrres
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Robert C. Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert C. Backus
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