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Mazloum A, Van Schalkwyk A, Chernyshev R, Shotin A, Korennoy FI, Igolkin A, Sprygin A. Genetic Characterization of the Central Variable Region in African Swine Fever Virus Isolates in the Russian Federation from 2013 to 2017. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080919. [PMID: 36015040 PMCID: PMC9413668 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), classified as genotype II, was introduced into Georgia in 2007, and from there, it spread quickly and extensively across the Caucasus to Russia, Europe and Asia. The molecular epidemiology and evolution of these isolates are predominantly investigated by means of phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequences. Since this is a costly and time-consuming endeavor, short genomic regions containing informative polymorphisms are pursued and utilized instead. In this study, sequences of the central variable region (CVR) located within the B602L gene were determined for 55 ASFV isolates submitted from 526 active African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks occurring in 23 different regions across the Russian Federation (RF) between 2013 and 2017. The new sequences were compared to previously published data available from Genbank, representing isolates from Europe and Asia. The sequences clustered into six distinct groups. Isolates from Estonia clustered into groups 3 and 4, whilst sequences from the RF were divided into the remaining four groups. Two of these groups (5 and 6) exclusively contained isolates from the RF, while group 2 included isolates from Russia as well as Chechnya, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Ukraine. In contrast, group 1 was the largest, containing sequences from the RF, Europe and Asia, and was represented by the sequence from the first isolate in Georgia in 2007. Based on these results, it is recommended that the CVR sequences contain significant informative polymorphisms to be used as a marker for investigating the epidemiology and spread of genotype II ASFVs circulating in the RF, Europe and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mazloum
- Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever Virus, FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Antoinette Van Schalkwyk
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, 100 Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Roman Chernyshev
- Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever Virus, FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Andrey Shotin
- Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever Virus, FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Fedor I. Korennoy
- Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever Virus, FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Alexey Igolkin
- Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever Virus, FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Alexander Sprygin
- Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever Virus, FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
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Xie Z, Liu Y, Di D, Liu J, Gong L, Chen Z, Li Y, Yu W, Lv L, Zhong Q, Song Y, Liao X, Song Q, Wang H, Chen H. Protection Evaluation of a Five-Gene-Deleted African Swine Fever Virus Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:902932. [PMID: 35966648 PMCID: PMC9374035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.902932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) represents a serious threat to the global swine industry, and there are no safe or commercially available vaccines. Previous studies have demonstrated that inactivated vaccines do not provide sufficient protection against ASFV and that attenuated vaccines are effective, but raise safety concerns. Here, we first constructed a deletion mutant in which EP153R and EP402R gene clusters were knocked out. Based on the deletion mutant, a further deletion from the MGF_360-12L, MGF_360-13L to MGF_360-14L genes was obtained. The five-genes knockout virus was designated as ASFV-ΔECM3. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the ASFV-ΔECM3 virus as a vaccine candidate, the evaluation of the virus was subsequently carried out in pigs. The results showed that the ASFV-ΔECM3 virus could induce homologous protection against the parental isolate, and no significant clinical signs or viremia were observed. These results show that the contiguous deletion mutant, ASFV-ΔECM3 encompassing the EP153R/EP402R and MGF_360-12L/13L/14L genes, could be a potential live-attenuated vaccine candidate for the prevention of ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xie
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Di
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyan Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Wang
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Hongjun Chen
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