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Rinwa P, Eriksson M, Cotgreave I, Bäckberg M. 3R-Refinement principles: elevating rodent well-being and research quality. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:11. [PMID: 38549171 PMCID: PMC10979584 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article delves into the details of the 3R-Refinement principles as a vital framework for ethically sound rodent research laboratory. It highlights the core objective of the refinement protocol, namely, to enhance the well-being of laboratory animals while simultaneously improving the scientific validity of research outcomes. Through an exploration of key components of the refinement principles, the article outlines how these ethics should be implemented at various stages of animal experiments. It emphasizes the significance of enriched housing environments that reduce stress and encourage natural behaviors, non-restraint methods in handling and training, refined dosing and sampling techniques that prioritize animal comfort, the critical role of optimal pain management and the importance of regular animal welfare assessment in maintaining the rodents well-being. Additionally, the advantages of collaboration with animal care and ethics committees are also mentioned. The other half of the article explains the extensive benefits of the 3R-Refinement protocol such as heightened animal welfare, enhanced research quality, reduced variability, and positive feedback from researchers and animal care staff. Furthermore, it addresses avenues for promoting the adoption of the protocol, such as disseminating best practices, conducting training programs, and engaging with regulatory bodies. Overall, this article highlights the significance of 3R-Refinement protocol in aligning scientific advancement with ethical considerations along with shaping a more compassionate and responsible future for animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Rinwa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety, Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje, 151 36, Sweden
| | - Marie Eriksson
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety, Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje, 151 36, Sweden
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety, Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje, 151 36, Sweden
| | - Matilda Bäckberg
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety, Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje, 151 36, Sweden.
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Introducing the option of automatic preprints of manuscripts under review. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Muñoz-Tamayo R, Nielsen BL, Gagaoua M, Gondret F, Krause ET, Morgavi DP, Olsson IAS, Pastell M, Taghipoor M, Tedeschi L, Veissier I, Nawroth C. Seven steps to enhance Open Science practices in animal science. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac106. [PMID: 36741429 PMCID: PMC9896936 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The Open Science movement aims at ensuring accessibility, reproducibility, and transparency of research. The adoption of Open Science practices in animal science, however, is still at an early stage. To move ahead as a field, we here provide seven practical steps to embrace Open Science in animal science. We hope that this paper contributes to the shift in research practices of animal scientists towards open, reproducible, and transparent science, enabling the field to gain additional public trust and deal with future challenges to guarantee reliable research. Although the paper targets primarily animal science researchers, the steps discussed here are also applicable to other research domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Birte L Nielsen
- Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW), The Old School, Brewhouse Hill, Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire AL4 8AN, UK
| | | | | | - E Tobias Krause
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Dörnbergstr. 25/27, 29223 Celle, Germany
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - I Anna S Olsson
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Matti Pastell
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Masoomeh Taghipoor
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Luis Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Isabelle Veissier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - Christian Nawroth
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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