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Zheng L, Han Z, Zhang J, Kang J, Li C, Pang Q, Liu S. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Fermented Coconut Water Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Enteritis in Wenchang Chicken: A Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Approach. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:575. [PMID: 38396543 PMCID: PMC10886277 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the potential mechanisms of probiotic-fermented coconut water in treating enteritis, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the effects of probiotic intervention on the recovery from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced acute enteritis in Wenchang chicks. The analysis encompassed the assessment of growth performance, serum indicators, intestinal tissue structure, and metagenomic and metabolomic profiles of cecal contents in 60 Wenchang chicks subjected to intervention. This approach aimed to elucidate the impact of probiotic intervention on the recovery process from acute enteritis at both the genetic and metabolic levels in the avian model. The results revealed that intervention with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y301 improved the growth rate of chicks. and intervention with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MS2c regulated the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and reshaped the gut microbiota structure in modeling chicks with acute enteritis, reducing the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria from the Alistipes and increasing the abundance of potentially beneficial species from the Christensenellaceae. This intervention resulted in the production of specific gut metabolites, including Gentamicin C and polymyxin B2, recognized for their therapeutic effects on acute enteritis. The combined intervention of S. cerevisiae Y301 and L. plantarum MS2c not only enhanced growth performance but also mitigated intestinal wall damage and increased the abundance of gut metabolites such as gentamicin C and polymyxin B2, thereby mitigating symptoms of enteritis. Furthermore, this combined intervention reduced the levels of serum immune markers, including IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and D-lactic acid, thus mitigating intestinal epithelial cell damage and promoting acute enteritis recovery. This study provides crucial insights into the mechanisms of action of probiotics and probiotic-fermented coconut water in acute enteritis recovery, offering new perspectives for sustainable farming practices for Wenchang chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leijie Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Zhe Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Jiamu Kang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Congfa Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou City, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qing Pang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Sixin Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou City, Haikou 570228, China
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Tur-Planells V, García-Sastre A, Cuadrado-Castano S, Nistal-Villan E. Engineering Non-Human RNA Viruses for Cancer Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1617. [PMID: 37897020 PMCID: PMC10611381 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alongside the development and progress in cancer immunotherapy, research in oncolytic viruses (OVs) continues advancing novel treatment strategies to the clinic. With almost 50 clinical trials carried out over the last decade, the opportunities for intervention using OVs are expanding beyond the old-fashioned concept of "lytic killers", with promising breakthrough therapeutic strategies focused on leveraging the immunostimulatory potential of different viral platforms. This review presents an overview of non-human-adapted RNA viruses engineered for cancer therapy. Moreover, we describe the diverse strategies employed to manipulate the genomes of these viruses to optimize their therapeutic capabilities. By focusing on different aspects of this particular group of viruses, we describe the insights into the promising advancements in the field of virotherapy and its potential to revolutionize cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Tur-Planells
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Health, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara Cuadrado-Castano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute (IGI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Health, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Gál B, Varga-Kugler R, Ihász K, Kaszab E, Domán M, Farkas S, Bányai K. Marked Genotype Diversity among Reoviruses Isolated from Chicken in Selected East-Central European Countries. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2137. [PMID: 37443935 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The concern that the vaccines currently used against Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) infections are less efficient in the field justifies the need for the close monitoring of circulating ARV strains. In this study, we collected necropsy samples from various chicken breeds and tested for ARV by virus isolation, RT-PCR assay and sequence analysis. ARVs were isolated from birds showing runting-stunting syndrome, uneven growth, lameness or increased mortality, with relative detection rates of 38%, 35%, 6% and 25%, respectively. Partial σC gene sequences were determined for nearly 90% of ARV isolates. The isolates could be classified into one of the major genetic clusters. Interestingly, cluster 2 and cluster 5 were isolated from vaccinated broiler breeders, while clusters 1 to 4 were isolated from unvaccinated broilers. The isolates shared less than 75% amino acid identities with the vaccine strains (range, 44.3-74.6%). This study reaffirms the global distribution of the major genetic clusters of ARVs in chicken. The diversity of ARV strains isolated from unvaccinated broilers was greater than those detected from vaccinated animals, however, the relative importance of passive and active immunity on the selection of novel strains in different chicken breeds needs to be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Gál
- Intervet Hungária Kft, Lechner Ödön fasor 10/b, H-1095 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Varga-Kugler
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ihász
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Domán
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Farkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Mosad SM, Elmahallawy EK, Alghamdi AM, El-Khayat F, El-Khadragy MF, Ali LA, Abdo W. Molecular and pathological investigation of avian reovirus (ARV) in Egypt with the assessment of the genetic variability of field strains compared to vaccine strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1156251. [PMID: 37138631 PMCID: PMC10150020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1156251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) is among the important viruses that cause drastic economic losses in the Egyptian poultry industry. Despite regular vaccination of breeder birds, a high prevalence of ARV infection in broilers has been noted in recent years. However, no reports have revealed the genetic and antigenic characteristics of Egyptian field ARV and vaccines used against it. Thus, this study was conducted to detect the molecular nature of emerging ARV strains in broiler chickens suffering from arthritis and tenosynovitis in comparison to vaccine strains. Synovial fluid samples (n = 400) were collected from 40 commercial broiler flocks in the Gharbia governorate, Egypt, and then pooled to obtain 40 samples, which were then used to screen ARV using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with the partial amplification of ARV sigma C gene. The obtained RT-PCR products were then sequenced, and their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed together with other ARV field and vaccine strains from GenBank. RT-PCR successfully amplified the predicted 940 bp PCR products from all tested samples. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the analyzed ARV strains were clustered into six genotypic clusters and six protein clusters, with high antigenic diversity between the genotypic clusters. Surprisingly, our isolates were genetically different from vaccine strains, which aligned in genotypic cluster I/protein cluster I, while our strains were aligned in genotypic cluster V/protein cluster V. More importantly, our strains were highly divergent from vaccine strains used in Egypt, with 55.09-56.23% diversity. Sequence analysis using BioEdit software revealed high genetic and protein diversity between our isolates and vaccine strains (397/797 nucleotide substitutions and 148-149/265 amino acid substitutions). This high genetic diversity explains the vaccination failure and recurrent circulation of ARV in Egypt. The present data highlight the need to formulate a new effective vaccine from locally isolated ARV strains after a thorough screening of the molecular nature of circulating ARV in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M. Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
| | - Abeer M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares El-Khayat
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Manal F. El-Khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lobna A. Ali
- Cell Biology and Histochemistry, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Walied Abdo
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Lunge VR, De Carli S, Fonseca ASK, Ikuta N. Avian Reoviruses in Poultry Farms from Brazil. Avian Dis 2022; 66:459-464. [PMID: 36715480 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-99998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) is highly disseminated in commercial Brazilian poultry farms, causing arthritis/tenosynovitis, runting-stunting syndrome, and malabsorption syndrome in different meat- and egg-type birds (breeders, broilers, grillers, and layers). In Brazil, ARV infection was first described in broilers in the 1970s but was not considered an important poultry health problem for decades. A more concerning outcome of field infections has been observed in recent years, including condemnations at slaughterhouses because of the unsightly appearance of chicken body parts, mainly the legs. Analyses of the performance of poultry flocks have further evidenced economic losses to farms. Genetic and antigenic characterization of ARV field strains from Brazil demonstrated a high diversity of lineages circulating in the entire country, including four of the five main phylogenetic groups previously described (I, II, III, and V). It is still unclear if all of them are associated with different diseases affecting flocks' performance in Brazilian poultry. ARV infections have been controlled in Brazilian poultry farms by immunization of breeders and young chicks with classical commercial live vaccine strains (S1133, 1733, 2408, and 2177) used elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. However, genetic and antigenic variations of the field isolates have prevented adequate protection against associated diseases, so killed autogenous vaccines are being produced from isolates obtained on specific farms. In conclusion, ARV field variants are continuously challenging poultry farming in Brazil. Epidemiological surveillance combined with molecular biological analyses from the field samples, as well as the development of vaccine strains directed toward the ARV circulating variants, are necessary to control this economically important poultry pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner R Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, .,Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Nilo Ikuta
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Ravikumar R, Chan J, Prabakaran M. Vaccines against Major Poultry Viral Diseases: Strategies to Improve the Breadth and Protective Efficacy. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061195. [PMID: 35746665 PMCID: PMC9230070 DOI: 10.3390/v14061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major source of concern for the industry. Mortality and morbidity resulting from an outbreak can cause significant economic losses with subsequent detrimental impacts on the global food supply chain. Mass vaccination is one of the main strategies for controlling and preventing viral infection in poultry. The development of broadly protective vaccines against avian viral diseases will alleviate selection pressure on field virus strains and simplify vaccination regimens for commercial farms with overall savings in husbandry costs. With the increasing number of emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases in the poultry industry, there is an urgent need to understand the strategies for broadening the protective efficacy of the vaccines against distinct viral strains. The current review provides an overview of viral vaccines and vaccination regimens available for common avian viral infections, and strategies for developing safer and more efficacious viral vaccines for poultry.
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