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Mandour AS, Farag A, Helal MAY, El-Masry G, Al-Rejaie S, Takahashi K, Yoshida T, Hamabe L, Tanaka R. Non-Invasive Assessment of the Intraventricular Pressure Using Novel Color M-Mode Echocardiography in Animal Studies: Current Status and Future Perspectives in Veterinary Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2452. [PMID: 37570261 PMCID: PMC10417806 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of diastolic function has received great interest in order to comprehend its crucial role in the pathophysiology of heart failure and for the early identification of cardiac events. Silent changes in the intraventricular flow (IVF) dynamics occur before the deterioration of the cardiac wall, although they cannot be detected using conventional echocardiography. Collective information on left ventricular (LV) pressures throughout the cardiac cycle has great value when dealing with patients with altered hemodynamics. Accurate pressure measurement inside the ventricle can be obtained by invasive methods to determine the LV diastolic pressures, which reflect the myocardial relaxation and compliance. However, catheterization is only feasible in the laboratory setting and is not suitable for clinical use due to its disadvantages. In contrast, echocardiography is simple, safe, and accessible. Color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) is an advanced cardiac evaluation technique that can measure the intraventricular pressure differences (IVPDs) and intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs) based on the Doppler shift of the IVF. Recently, the assessment of IVPD and IVPG has gained growing interest in the cardiovascular literature in both animal and human studies as a non-invasive method for the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunctions, especially diastolic ones. The usability of IVPD and IVPG has been reported in various surgically induced heart failure or pharmacologically altered cardiac functions in rats, dogs, cats, and goats. This report aims to give an overview of the current studies of CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG in animal studies and its feasibility for clinical application in veterinary practice and to provide the prospects of the technique's ability to improve our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | - Ahmed Farag
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Y. Helal
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
- Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Masry
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Division of Veterinary Research, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Lina Hamabe
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
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Farag A, Mandour AS, Kaneda M, Elfadadny A, Elhaieg A, Shimada K, Tanaka R. Effect of trehalose on heart functions in rats model after myocardial infarction: assessment of novel intraventricular pressure and heart rate variability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1182628. [PMID: 37469485 PMCID: PMC10353053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1182628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarctions remain a leading cause of global deaths. Developing novel drugs to target cardiac remodeling after myocardial injury is challenging. There is an increasing interest in exploring natural cardioprotective agents and non-invasive tools like intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in myocardial infarctions. Trehalose (TRE), a natural disaccharide, shows promise in treating atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and neurodegenerative disorders. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of TRE in improving cardiac functions measured by IVPG and HRV and reducing myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction in rat model. Methods Rats were divided into three groups: sham, myocardial infarction (MI), and trehalose-treated MI (TRE) groups. The animals in the MI and TRE groups underwent permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The TRE group received 2% trehalose in their drinking water for four weeks after the surgery. At the end of the experiment, heart function was assessed using conventional echocardiography, novel color M-mode echocardiography for IVPG evaluation, and HRV analysis. After euthanasia, gross image scoring, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to evaluate inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Results The MI group exhibited significantly lower values in multiple IVPG parameters. In contrast, TRE administration showed an ameliorative effect on IVPG changes, with results comparable to the sham group. Additionally, TRE improved HRV parameters, mitigated morphological changes induced by myocardial infarction, reduced histological alterations in wall mass, and suppressed inflammatory reactions within the infarcted heart tissues. Furthermore, TRE demonstrated antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties. Conclusion The investigation into the effect of trehalose on a myocardial infarction rat model has yielded promising outcomes, as evidenced by improvements observed through conventional echocardiography, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. While minor trends were noticed in IVPG and HRV measurements. However, our findings offer valuable insights and demonstrate a correlation between IVPG, HRV, and other traditional markers of echo assessment in the myocardial infarction vs. sham groups. This alignment suggests the potential of IVPG and HRV as additional indicators for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Enokizono M, Mandour AS, Komeda S, Goya S, Takeuchi A, Katoh K, Yairo A, Yilmaz Z, Shimada K, Tanaka R. Hemodynamic effect of pimobendan following intramuscular and intravenous administration in healthy dogs: A pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:969304. [PMID: 36311676 PMCID: PMC9597246 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.969304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pimobendan is widely used for the treatment of dogs with heart failure via the oral route. A new injectable form of pimobendan is now available and its potential usefulness via intravenous route has been recently demonstrated in dogs. However, the cardiovascular effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of injectable pimobendan have not been investigated yet. Hypothesis IM administration of pimobendan may have the same hemodynamic effect as the IV route. Methods Six healthy Beagle dogs underwent a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. The early cardiovascular effects after a single dose of IM and IV injections of pimobendan (0.2 ml/kg; Pimo IM and Pimo IV, respectively) were compared to the same volume of IM placebo (Saline IM) in anesthetized dogs. Clinical [heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)] and echocardiographic hemodynamic parameters [left ventricular (LV) inflow waveforms of diastolic early wave (eV), atrial systolic wave (aV), diastolic early mitral ring velocity (e′), peak velocity (pV), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)] were monitored with 15 min intervals for 120 min. Results Diastolic BP decreased significantly at 30 min in Pimo IM compared to Saline IM. Mean eV and CO values significantly increased from 75 min, e′ from 60 min, pV from 75 min, and SV from 15 to 120 min, whereas SVR significantly decreased at 30–60 min in Pimo IM compared to those of Saline IM (P < 0.05). Compared with the Pimo IV, eV and pV were significantly lower at 30–60 min (P < 0.05) while SV was significantly higher at 90–105 min in Pimo IM (P < 0.05). Other hemodynamic parameters (BP, HR, SVR, CO, e′, and E/e′) did not significantly change between Pimo IM and IV. Conclusions The hemodynamic effect of pimobendan following IM and IV injection was described. Our results suggested that IM administration of pimobendan is equally comparable and possibly interchangeable with IV administration. This warrant further studies to investigate the clinical effectiveness of IM pimobendan in treating dogs with congestive heart failure or in heart failure cases unable to receive IV or oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Enokizono
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,*Correspondence: Ahmed S. Mandour
| | - Syunta Komeda
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seijirow Goya
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Aki Takeuchi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konosuke Katoh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yairo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zeki Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,Ryou Tanaka
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Mandour AS, Samir H, Yoshida T, Matsuura K, Hamabe L, Shimada K, Abdelmageed HA, Elbadawy M, Uemura A, Takahashi K, Watanabe G, Tanaka R. Novel color M-mode echocardiography for non-invasive assessment of the intraventricular pressure in goats: Feasibility, repeatability, and the effect of sedation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:935437. [PMID: 36277071 PMCID: PMC9582648 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.935437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) and intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG), estimated from color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) of the transmitral flow, have been introduced as novel indices for the evaluation of heart functions. Until now, no study demonstrated the feasibility of the CMME approach to measure IVPD and IVPG in any farm animals. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and repeatability of CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG variables in goats and explore the effect of sedation on the measured variables. Materials and methods Sixteen male Shiba goats were included in this study and underwent conventional echocardiography. Eight goats were used in the repeatability of IVPD/IVPG variables. Another eight goats were used to evaluate the effect of sedation by xylazine on IVPD/IVPG measurements. CMME between the base and the apex of the left ventricle was carried out. The IVPD and IVPG were analyzed using in-house code software. The IVPD and IVPG were expressed as total, basal, mid-to-apical, mid, and apical segments. Data analysis including the imaging quality score (IQS), repeatability, variability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), as well as the effect size of sedation on the measured variables was calculated. Results IVPD and IVPG variables from CMME were feasible in all goats. Low to moderate variability of IVPD and IVPG variables was observed (CV 95% <25%) except for the apical IVPD and apical IVPG. The IVPD/IVPG measurements were repeatable without a significant effect of animal or time on the obtained measurements. The overall ICC was higher than 0.75 in all variables except for the apical segment. Xylazine administration reduced the total, basal, and mid parts of IVPD and IVPG with a large effect size (biserial ranked correlation; rc > 0.8). Conclusion We reported, for the first time, IVPD and IVPG measurements by CMME in goats. The assessment of IVPD and IVPG by CMME is feasible in goats which can be evaluated in further cardiovascular or pharmacological studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Ahmed S. Mandour
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lina Hamabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hend A. Abdelmageed
- Ismailia Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, First District, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Uemura
- Division of Veterinary Research, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,Ryou Tanaka
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