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Gao H, Gao X, Liu X, Luo Y, Zhong J, Liu J, Yan L, Wang H, Gong L, Zhang G, Zheng Z, Sun Y. African swine fever virus maintains de novo global cellular protein synthesis and inhibits stress granules formation via dephosphorylating eIF2α. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:109988. [PMID: 38244395 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.109988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) has caused enormous economic losses since its first reported detection, and there is still no effective vaccines or drug treatment. During infection, viruses may employ various strategies, such as regulating the host endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response or the formation of stress granules (SGs), to form an optimal environment for virus replication. However, how ASFV infection regulates host endoplasmic reticulum stress, eIF2α-regulated protein synthesis, and the formation of SGs remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the activation of ER stress and its three downstream axes during ASFV infection and identified a powerful dephosphorylation of eIF2α by ASFV ex vivo. This strong dephosphorylation property could maintain the efficiency of eIF2α-mediated de novo global protein synthesis, thus ensuring efficient viral protein synthesis at early stage. In addition, the powerful dephosphorylation of eIF2α by ASFV upon infection could also inhibit the formation of SGs induced by sodium arsenite. In addition, a specific eIF2α dephosphorylation inhibitor, salubrinal, could partially counteract ASFV-mediated eIF2α dephosphorylation and inhibit viral replication. Our results provide new insights into the areas of ASFV`s escape from host immunity and hijacking of the host protein translation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yizhuo Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jianhao Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Luling Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zezhong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Yankuo Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Gao H, Di D, Wu Q, Li J, Liu X, Xu Z, Xu S, Wu C, Gong L, Sun Y, Zhang G, Chen H, Wang H. Pathogenicity and horizontal transmission evaluation of a novel isolated African swine fever virus strain with a three-large-fragment-gene deletion. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110002. [PMID: 38295489 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever has caused substantial economic losses to China`s pig industry in recent years. Currently, the highly pathogenic African swine fever virus strain of genotype II is predominantly circulating in China, accompanied by a series of emerging isolates displaying unique genetic variations. The pathogenicity of these emerging strains is still unclear. Recently, a novel ASFV strain with a distinguishable three-large-fragment gene deletion was obtained from the field specimens, and its in vivo pathogenicity and transmission were evaluated in this study. The animal experiment involved inoculating a high dose of YNFN202103 and comparing its effects with those of the highly pathogenic strain GZ201801_2. Results showed that pigs infected by YNFN202103 exhibited significantly prolonged onset and survival time, lower viremia levels, and less severe histopathological lesions compared to GZ201801_2. These findings contributed valuable insights into the pathogenicity and transmission of ASFV and its prevention and eradication strategies in practical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Di
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Song Z, Chen Y, Chang H, Guo Y, Gao Q, Wei Z, Gong L, Zhang G, Zheng Z. Rhein suppresses African swine fever virus replication in vitro via activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Virus Res 2023; 338:199238. [PMID: 37827302 PMCID: PMC10632772 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a virulent infectious diseases of pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) that can spread widely and cause high fatality rates. Currently, there is no effective way to treat the disease, and there is no effective vaccine to prevent it. Rhein, an anthraquinone compound extracted from many traditional Chinese medicines, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities. However, the anti-viral effects of rhein on ASFV remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-ASFV activity of rhein in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we confirmed that rhein inhibits ASFV replication significantly in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, rhein could alter the susceptibility of PAMs to ASFV and promoted the production of superoxide in the mitochondria, which induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and apoptosis. Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, blocked rhein-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, prevented caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, alleviated apoptosis, and suppressed the anti-ASFV activity of rhein. Altogether, our results suggested that rhein could play an anti-ASFV role by inducing apoptosis through the activation of the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and may provide a novel compound for developing anti-ASFV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebu Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanchen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - ZeZhong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Liu Y, Xie Z, Li Y, Song Y, Di D, Liu J, Gong L, Chen Z, Wu J, Ye Z, Liu J, Yu W, Lv L, Zhong Q, Tian C, Song Q, Wang H, Chen H. Evaluation of an I177L gene-based five-gene-deleted African swine fever virus as a live attenuated vaccine in pigs. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2148560. [PMID: 36378022 PMCID: PMC9769145 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2148560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). The current research on ASF vaccines focuses on the development of naturally attenuated, isolated, or genetically engineered live viruses that have been demonstrated to produce reliable immunity. As a result, a genetically engineered virus containing five genes deletion was synthesized based on ASFV Chinese strain GZ201801, named ASFV-GZΔI177LΔCD2vΔMGF. The five-gene-deleted ASFV was safe and fully attenuated in pigs and provides reliable protection against the parental ASFV strain challenge. This indicates that the five-gene-deleted ASFV is a potential candidate for a live attenuated vaccine that could control the spread of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Biosafety Research Center, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Di
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Biosafety Research Center, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lang Gong
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongyan Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Biosafety Research Center, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxian Wu
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengqin Ye
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Liu
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanqi Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Lv
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwen Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Song
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Hongjun Chen ; Heng Wang
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Biosafety Research Center, CAAS, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Hongjun Chen ; Heng Wang
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Hakizimana JN, Yona C, Makange MR, Kasisi EA, Netherton CL, Nauwynck H, Misinzo G. Complete genome analysis of African swine fever virus genotypes II, IX and XV from domestic pigs in Tanzania. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5318. [PMID: 37002287 PMCID: PMC10066019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) caused by ASF virus (ASFV) is an infectious transboundary animal disease notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health causing high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boars threatening the global domestic pig industry. To date, twenty-four ASFV genotypes have been described and currently genotypes II, IX, X, XV and XVI are known to be circulating in Tanzania. Despite the endemic status of ASF in Tanzania, only one complete genome of ASFV from the country has been described. This study describes the first complete genome sequence of ASFV genotype XV. In addition, the first Tanzanian complete genome of ASFV genotype IX and three ASFV strains belonging to genotype II collected during ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs in Tanzania were determined in this study using Illumina sequencing and comparative genomics analysis. The generated ASFV complete genome sequences ranged from 171,004 to 184,521 base pairs in length with an average GC content of 38.53% and encoded 152 to 187 open reading frames. The results of this study provide insights into the genomic structure of ASFV and can be used to monitor changes within the ASFV genome and improve our understanding of ASF transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean N Hakizimana
- OR Tambo Africa Research Chair for Viral Epidemics, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Clara Yona
- OR Tambo Africa Research Chair for Viral Epidemics, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Biosciences, Solomon Mahlangu College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Mariam R Makange
- OR Tambo Africa Research Chair for Viral Epidemics, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ester A Kasisi
- OR Tambo Africa Research Chair for Viral Epidemics, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Christopher L Netherton
- African Swine Fever Vaccinology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- OR Tambo Africa Research Chair for Viral Epidemics, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania.
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania.
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.
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6
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Bai J, Du C, Lu Y, Wang R, Su X, Yu K, Qin Q, Chen Y, Wei Z, Huang W, Ouyang K. Phylogenetic and Spatiotemporal Analyses of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Guangxi, China during 2017–2022. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071215. [PMID: 37048471 PMCID: PMC10093014 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has swept across China and spread throughout the country, causing huge economic losses. In this study, 673 diarrhea samples from 143 pig farms in Guangxi during 2017–2022 were collected and detected for PEDV. Ninety-eight strains were selected for S1 gene analyses and these strains were classified into four subgroups (G1b, G2a, G2b and G2c), accounting for 1.02 (1/98), 75.51 (74/98), 16.33 (16/98) and 7.14% (7/98) of the total, respectively. Importantly, an increased number of strains in the G2c subgroup was found from 2019 onwards. Bayesian analysis revealed that Guigang may have been the epicenter of PEDVs in Guangxi. In addition, Guigang was identified as the primary hub from which PEDVs spread via two routes, namely Guigang–Wuzhou and Guigang–Laibin. Moreover, several coinfections of novel PEDV variants bearing large deletions in the partial S1 protein and PEDVs possessing an intact partial S1 protein were found in pigs. Further recombination analyses indicated that two of the strains, 18-GXNN-6 and 19-GXBH-2, originated from intra-genogroup recombination. Together, our data revealed a new profile of PEDV in Guangxi, China, which enhances our understanding of the distribution, genetic characteristics and evolutionary profile of the circulating PEDV strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Chen Du
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ruomu Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xueli Su
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kechen Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Qiuying Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Correspondence:
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