1
|
Erdal İ, Yıldız Y, Kuseyri Hübschmann O, Haas D, Günbey C, Ertuğrul İ, Yalnızoğlu D. Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency with atrioventricular septal defect: a case report. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 0:jpem-2023-0518. [PMID: 38958169 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the pyrimidine degradation pathway, with fewer than 40 patients published. Clinical findings are variable and some patients may remain asymptomatic. Global developmental delay and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil are commonly reported. Here we present atrioventricular septal defect as a novel feature in dihydropyrimidinase deficiency. CASE PRESENTATION A four-year-old male with global developmental delay, dysmorphic facies, autistic features and a history of seizures was diagnosed with dihydropyrimidinase deficiency based on strikingly elevated urinary dihydrouracil and dihydrothymine and a homozygous pathogenic nonsense variant in DPYS gene. He had a history of complete atrioventricular septal defect corrected surgically in infancy. CONCLUSIONS This is the second report of congenital heart disease in dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, following a single patient with a ventricular septal defect. The rarity of the disease and the variability of the reported findings make it difficult to describe a disease-specific clinical phenotype. The mechanism of neurological and other systemic findings is unclear. Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency should be considered in patients with microcephaly, developmental delay, epilepsy and autistic traits. We suggest that congenital heart disease may also be a rare phenotypic feature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İzzet Erdal
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
- Clinic of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yılmaz Yıldız
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Oya Kuseyri Hübschmann
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Haas
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ceren Günbey
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - İlker Ertuğrul
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Yalnızoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bietar K, Chu S, Mandl G, Zhang E, Chabaytah N, Sabelli R, Capobianco JA, Stochaj U. Silica-coated LiYF 4:Yb 3+, Tm 3+ upconverting nanoparticles are non-toxic and activate minor stress responses in mammalian cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8695-8708. [PMID: 38495986 PMCID: PMC10938293 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are ideal candidates for use in biomedicine. The interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems determines whether they are suitable for use in living cells. In-depth knowledge of the nano-bio interactions is therefore a pre-requisite for the development of biomedical applications. The current study evaluates fundamental aspects of the NP-cell interface for square bipyramidal UCNPs containing a LiYF4:Yb3+, Tm3+ core and two different silica surface coatings. Given their importance for mammalian physiology, fibroblast and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells were selected as cellular model systems. We have assessed the toxicity of the UCNPs and measured their impact on the homeostasis of living non-malignant cells. Rigorous analyses were conducted to identify possible toxic and sub-lethal effects of the UCNPs. To this end, we examined biomarkers that reveal if UCNPs induce cell killing or stress. Quantitative measurements demonstrate that short-term exposure to the UCNPs had no profound effects on cell viability, cell size or morphology. Indicators of oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum, or nucleolar stress, and the production of molecular chaperones varied with the surface modification of the UCNPs and the cell type analyzed. These differences emphasize the importance of evaluating cells of diverse origin that are relevant to the intended use of the nanomaterials. Taken together, we established that short-term, our square bipyramidal UCNPs are not toxic to non-malignant fibroblast and proximal renal epithelial cells. Compared with established inducers of cellular stress, these UCNPs have minor effects on cellular homeostasis. Our results build the foundation to explore square bipyramidal UCNPs for future in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kais Bietar
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Canada
| | - Siwei Chu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Canada
| | - Gabrielle Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University Canada
| | - Emma Zhang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Canada
| | | | | | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University Montreal Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu X, Wang Z. Individual and binary exposure of embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) to single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the absence and presence of dissolved organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166458. [PMID: 37625727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The available toxicological information was inadequate to assess the potential ecological risk of a mixture of different nanostructured carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to aquatic organisms, especially for the co-existence of mixed CNTs with dissolved organic matter (DOM). Herein, we investigated individual and binary exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the absence and presence of DOM. Results indicated that embryonic chorions were more resistant to mixed-type CNTs than to single-type CNTs, yet the addition of DOM decreased this resistance. The mixed-type CNTs increased the antioxidant capacity of zebrafish embryos by increasing superoxide dismutase activity in comparison to the single-type CNTs. Furthermore, the mixed-type CNTs caused oxidative damage to the zebrafish embryos, characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde level. Nevertheless, the activation of the antioxidant defense system was modulated by the presence of DOM. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the number of unique genes (UGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mixed-type CNTs and control groups was significantly enhanced compared to the single-type CNTs. DOM increased the number of UGs and up-regulated DEGs, but decreased the number of down-regulated DEGs. GO classification analysis revealed that the mixed-type CNTs mainly altered the cellular component process of single-type CNTs to induce joint effects. DOM generally enhanced the GO enrichment of DEGs in D. rerio embryos exposed to the mixed-type CNTs during the biological process. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for the mixed-type CNTs showed enrichment of DEGs encoding ether lipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, citrate cycle, and biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars. However, DOM allowed more specific KEGG pathways towards the mixed-type CNTs to be identified. Despite the mixed-type CNTs exhibiting differential expression of functional genes compared to the control and single-type CNTs, DOM could regulate the expression of these functional genes associated with oxidative stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroendocrine, osmotic stress, and DNA damage and repair. Our study thus paves a solid way for exploring the molecular mechanism of aquatic toxicity of multiple nanomaterials under field-relevant conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pecoraro R, Scalisi EM, Indelicato S, Contino M, Coco G, Stancanelli I, Capparucci F, Fiorenza R, Brundo MV. Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Cerium Oxide Nanocomposites to Zebrafish Embryos: A Preliminary Evaluation. TOXICS 2023; 11:994. [PMID: 38133395 PMCID: PMC10747588 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of metal nanoparticles in different fields has raised many doubts regarding their possible toxicity to living organisms and the accumulation and discharge of metals in fish species. Among these nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles have mainly been employed in photocatalysis and water depuration. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential toxic effects, after a co-exposure of TiO2-3%CeO2 nanoparticles, on zebrafish development, using an acute toxicity test. Increasing concentrations of TiO2-3%CeO2 nanoparticles were used (0.1-1-10-20 mg/L). The heartbeat rate was assessed using DanioscopeTM software (version 1.2) (Noldus, Leesburg, VA, USA), and the responses to two biomarkers of exposure (Heat shock proteins-70 and Metallothioneins) were evaluated through immunofluorescence. Our results showed that the co-exposure to TiO2-3%CeO2 nanoparticles did not affect the embryos' development compared to the control group; a significant difference (p < 0.05) at 48 hpf heartbeat for the 1, 10, and 20 mg/L groups was found compared to the unexposed group. A statistically significant response (p < 0.05) to Heat shock proteins-70 (Hsp70) was shown for the 0.1 and 1 mg/L groups, while no positivity was observed in all the exposed groups for Metallothioneins (MTs). These results suggest that TiO2-3%CeO2 nanocomposites do not induce developmental toxicity; instead, when considered separately, TiO2 and CeO2 NPs are harmful to zebrafish embryos, as previously shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Stefania Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Martina Contino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Giuliana Coco
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Ilenia Stancanelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Roberto Fiorenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Song Y, Gong H, Wu C, Wang B, Chen W, Hu J, Xiang H, Zhang K, Sun M. Neurotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7183-7204. [PMID: 38076727 PMCID: PMC10710240 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s442801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) across various fields has led to a growing concern regarding their environmental contamination and inevitable human exposure. Consequently, significant research efforts have been directed toward understanding the effects of TiO2 NPs on both humans and the environment. Notably, TiO2 NPs exposure has been associated with multiple impairments of the nervous system. This review aims to provide an overview of the documented neurotoxic effects of TiO2 NPs in different species and in vitro models. Following exposure, TiO2 NPs can reach the brain, although the specific mechanism and quantity of particles that cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain unclear. Exposure to TiO2 NPs has been shown to induce oxidative stress, promote neuroinflammation, disrupt brain biochemistry, and ultimately impair neuronal function and structure. Subsequent neuronal damage may contribute to various behavioral disorders and play a significant role in the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the neurotoxic potential of TiO2 NPs can be influenced by various factors, including exposure characteristics and the physicochemical properties of the TiO2 NPs. However, a systematic comparison of the neurotoxic effects of TiO2 NPs with different characteristics under various exposure conditions is still lacking. Additionally, our understanding of the underlying neurotoxic mechanisms exerted by TiO2 NPs remains incomplete and fragmented. Given these knowledge gaps, it is imperative to further investigate the neurotoxic hazards and risks associated with exposure to TiO2 NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Gong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanhui Xiang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|