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Tang Y, He Y, Wang X, Wu Z, Du S, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Sun D, Cheng A, Chen S. Vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus for Tembusu virus and viral factors for virus transmission by mosquitoes. Vet Res 2024; 55:109. [PMID: 39294772 PMCID: PMC11409574 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing epidemic of flaviviruses worldwide has underscored the importance of studying flavivirus vector competence, considering their close association with mosquito vectors. Tembusu virus is an avian-related mosquito-borne flavivirus that has been an epidemic in China and Southeast Asia since 2010. However, the reason for the outbreak of Tembusu virus in 2010 remains unclear, and it is unknown whether changes in vector transmission played an essential role in this process. To address these questions, we conducted a study using Culex quinquefasciatus as a model for Tembusu virus infection, employing both oral infection and microinjection methods. Our findings confirmed that both vertical and venereal transmission collectively contribute to the cycle of Tembusu virus within the mosquito population, with persistent infections observed. Importantly, our data revealed that the prototypical Tembusu virus MM_1775 strain exhibited significantly greater infectivity and transmission rates in mosquitoes than did the duck Tembusu virus (CQW1 strain). Furthermore, we revealed that the viral E protein and 3' untranslated region are key elements responsible for these differences. In conclusion, our study sheds light on mosquito transmission of Tembusu virus and provides valuable insights into the factors influencing its infectivity and transmission rates. These findings contribute to a better understanding of Tembusu virus epidemiology and can potentially aid in the development of strategies to control its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Tang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Liu M, Chen YY, Twu NC, Wu MC, Fang ZS, Dubruel A, Chang SC, Wu CF, Lo DY, Chen HW. A novel goose-origin Tembusu virus exhibits pathogenicity in day-old chicks with evidence of direct contact transmission. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103332. [PMID: 38128459 PMCID: PMC10776645 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In late 2020, an outbreak of Tembusu virus (TMUV)-associated disease occurred in a 45-day-old white Roman geese flock in Taiwan. Here, we present the identification and isolation of a novel goose-origin TMUV strain designated as NTU/C225/2020. The virus was successfully isolated using minimal-pathogen-free duck embryos. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein gene showed that NTU/C225/2020 clustered together with the earliest isolates from Malaysia and was most closely related to the first Taiwanese TMUV strain, TP1906. Genomic analysis revealed significant amino acid variations among TMUV isolates in NS1 and NS2A protein regions. In the present study, we characterized the NTU/C225/2020 culture in duck embryos, chicken embryos, primary duck embryonated fibroblasts, and DF-1 cells. All host systems were susceptible to NTU/C225/2020 infection, with observable lesions. In addition, animal experiments showed that the intramuscular inoculation of NTU/C225/2020 resulted in growth retardation and hyperthermia in day-old chicks. Gross lesions in the infected chicks included hepatomegaly, hyperemic thymus, and splenomegaly. Viral loads and histopathological damage were displayed in various tissues of both inoculated and naïve co-housed chicks, confirming the direct chick-to-chick contact transmission of TMUV. This is the first in vivo study of a local TMUV strain in Taiwan. Our findings provide essential information for TMUV propagation and suggest a potential risk of disease outbreak in chicken populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Chieh Twu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Syun Fang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandre Dubruel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Dan-Yuan Lo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yang Q, Ding Y, Yao W, Chen S, Jiang Y, Yang L, Bao G, Yang K, Fan S, Du Q, Wang Q, Wang G. Pathogenicity and Interspecies Transmission of Cluster 3 Tembusu Virus Strain TMUV HQ-22 Isolated from Geese. Viruses 2023; 15:2449. [PMID: 38140690 PMCID: PMC10747935 DOI: 10.3390/v15122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, the Tembusu virus (TMUV) has been highly prevalent in China, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. In 2022, a suspected outbreak of TMUV occurred at a goose farm located in Anhui Province. A strain of TMUV, TMUV HQ-22, was isolated from the infected geese. Phylogenetic analysis using the E gene of the HQ-22 strain demonstrated its affiliation with cluster 3, a less commonly reported cluster in comparison to the main circulating cluster, cluster 2. Through a comparison of the envelope (E) protein of HQ-22 with other typical TMUV strains, a mutation at the 157th amino acid position was identified, wherein valine (V) in cluster 3 changed to alanine (A), a characteristic that is unique to cluster 2. These findings highlight the diversity and complexity of the TMUV strains circulating in China. In our experimental analysis, an injection of TMUV HQ-22 into the muscles of 3-day-old goslings resulted in severe neurological symptoms and a mortality rate of 60%. Similarly, the intracranial or intranasal infection of 3-week-old ICR mice with TMUV HQ-22 led to severe neurological symptoms and respective mortality rates of 100% or 10%. In summary, our study isolated a TMUV strain, TMUV HQ-22, from geese that belongs to cluster 3 and exhibits significant pathogenicity in both goslings and ICR mice. These results emphasize the genetic diversity of the TMUV circulating in China and expand the host range beyond mosquitoes to include ducks, chickens, geese, and even mice. It is crucial to not underestimate the risk of TMUV infection in mammals, warranting our utmost attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Yingying Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Weiping Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Shuyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Yaqian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Linping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Guangbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Kang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Shinuo Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
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