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Porcaro C, Di Renzo A, Tinelli E, Di Lorenzo G, Parisi V, Caramia F, Fiorelli M, Di Piero V, Pierelli F, Coppola G. Haemodynamic activity characterization of resting state networks by fractal analysis and thalamocortical morphofunctional integrity in chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:112. [PMID: 32928129 PMCID: PMC7490862 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic migraine (CM) can be associated with aberrant long-range connectivity of MRI-derived resting-state networks (RSNs). Here, we investigated how the fractal dimension (FD) of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activity may be used to estimate the complexity of RSNs, reflecting flexibility and/or efficiency in information processing in CM patients respect to healthy controls (HC). METHODS Resting-state MRI data were collected from 20 untreated CM without history of medication overuse and 20 HC. On both groups, we estimated the Higuchi's FD. On the same subjects, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of bilateral thalami were retrieved from diffusion tensor imaging and correlated with the FD values. RESULTS CM showed higher FD values within dorsal attention system (DAS) and the anterior part of default-mode network (DMN), and lower FD values within the posterior DMN compared to HC. Although FA and MD were within the range of normality, both correlated with the FD values of DAS. CONCLUSIONS FD of DAS and DMN may reflect disruption of cognitive control of pain in CM. Since the normal microstructure of the thalamus and its positive connectivity with the cortical networking found in our CM patients reminds similar results obtained assessing the same structures but with the methods of neurophysiology, in episodic migraine during an attack, this may be yet another evidence in supporting CM as a never-ending migraine attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Porcaro
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Palestro 32, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), Crotone, Italy.
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Emanuele Tinelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Caramia
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Di Piero
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pierelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS - Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Gianluca Coppola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
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You do not have to act to be impulsive: Brain resting-state activity predicts performance and impulsivity on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Prefrontal hemodynamic after-effects caused by rebreathing may predict affective states - A multimodal functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:461-472. [PMID: 26935552 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain activity has been shown to be influenced by respiratory behavior. Here, we evaluated whether respiration-induced hypo- or hypercapnia may support differentiation between physiological versus pathological respiratory behavior. In particular, we investigated whether systemic physiological measures could predict the brain's time-frequency hemodynamics after three respiratory challenges (i.e., breath-holding, rebreathing, and hyperventilation) compared to resting-state. Prefrontal hemodynamics were assessed in healthy subjects (N = 27) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Systemic physiological measures were assessed in form of heart rate, partial end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiration rate, and saturation of peripheral oxygen. Time-frequency dynamics were quantified using the wavelet transform coherence (i.e., defined here as cortical-systemic coherence). We found that the three respiratory challenges modulated cortical-systemic coherence differently: (1) After rebreathing, cortical-systemic coherence could be predicted from the amplitude of the heart rate (strong negative correlation). (2) After breath-holding, the same observation was made (moderate negative correlation). (3) After hyperventilation, no significant effect was observed. (4) These effects were found only in the frequency range of very low-frequency oscillations. The presented findings highlight a distinct role of rebreathing in predicting cortical-systemic coupling based on heart rate changes, which may represents a measure of affective states in the brain. The applied multimodal assessment of hemodynamic and systemic physiological measures during respiratory challenges may therefore have potential applications in the differentiation between physiological and pathological respiratory behavior.
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Gentili C, Cristea IA, Ricciardi E, Vanello N, Popita C, David D, Pietrini P. Not in one metric: Neuroticism modulates different resting state metrics within distinctive brain regions. Behav Brain Res 2017; 327:34-43. [PMID: 28342970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroticism is a complex personality trait encompassing diverse aspects. Notably, high levels of neuroticism are related to the onset of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety and mood disorders. Personality traits are stable individual features; therefore, they can be expected to be associated with stable neurobiological features, including the Brain Resting State (RS) activity as measured by fMRI. Several metrics have been used to describe RS properties, yielding rather inconsistent results. This inconsistency could be due to the fact that different metrics portray different RS signal properties and that these properties may be differently affected by neuroticism. To explore the distinct effects of neuroticism, we assessed several distinct metrics portraying different RS properties within the same population. METHOD Neuroticism was measured in 31 healthy subjects using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire; RS was acquired by high-resolution fMRI. Using linear regression, we examined the modulatory effects of neuroticism on RS activity, as quantified by the Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF, fALFF), regional homogeneity (REHO), Hurst Exponent (H), global connectivity (GC) and amygdalae functional connectivity. RESULTS Neuroticism modulated the different metrics across a wide network of brain regions, including emotional regulatory, default mode and visual networks. Except for some similarities in key brain regions for emotional expression and regulation, neuroticism affected different metrics in different ways. DISCUSSION Metrics more related to the measurement of regional intrinsic brain activity (fALFF, ALFF and REHO), or that provide a parsimonious index of integrated and segregated brain activity (HE), were more broadly modulated in regions related to emotions and their regulation. Metrics related to connectivity were modulated across a wider network of areas. Overall, these results show that neuroticism affects distinct aspects of brain resting state activity. More in general, these findings indicate that a multiparametric approach may be required to obtain a more detailed characterization of the neural underpinnings of a given psychological trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gentili
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Ioana Alina Cristea
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and International Institute for Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, University Babes-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Nicola Vanello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristian Popita
- Department of Radiology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" (IOCN), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and International Institute for Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, University Babes-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Holper L, Scholkmann F, Seifritz E. Time-frequency dynamics of the sum of intra- and extracerebral hemodynamic functional connectivity during resting-state and respiratory challenges assessed by multimodal functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2015; 120:481-92. [PMID: 26169319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring respiratory processes is important for evaluating neuroimaging data, given their influence on time-frequency dynamics of intra- and extracerebral hemodynamics. Here we investigated the time-frequency dynamics of the sum of intra- and extracerebral hemodynamic functional connectivity states during hypo- and hypercapnia by using three different respiratory challenge tasks (i.e., hyperventilation, breath-holding, and rebreathing) compared to resting-state. The sum of intra- and extracerebral hemodynamic responses were assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) within two regions of interest (i.e., the dorsolateral and the medial prefrontal cortex). Time-frequency fNIRS analysis was performed based on wavelet transform coherence to quantify functional connectivity in terms of positive and negative phase-coupling within each region of interest. Physiological measures were assessed in the form of partial end-tidal carbon dioxide, heart rate, arterial tissue oxygen saturation, and respiration rate. We found that the three respiration challenges modulated time-frequency dynamics differently with respect to resting-state: 1) Hyperventilation and breath-holding exhibited inverse patterns of positive and negative phase-coupling. 2) In contrast, rebreathing had no significant effect. 3) Low-frequency oscillations contributed to a greater extent to time-frequency dynamics compared to high-frequency oscillations. The results highlight that there exist distinct differences in time-frequency dynamics of the sum of intra- and extracerebral functional connectivity not only between hypo- (hyperventilation) and hypercapnia but also between different states of hypercapnia (breath-holding versus rebreathing). This suggests that a multimodal assessment of intra-/extracerebral and systemic physiological changes during respiratory challenges compared to resting-state may have potential use in the differentiation between physiological and pathological respiratory behavior accompanied by the psycho-physiological state of a human.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holper
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - F Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gentili C, Vanello N, Cristea I, David D, Ricciardi E, Pietrini P. Proneness to social anxiety modulates neural complexity in the absence of exposure: A resting state fMRI study using Hurst exponent. Psychiatry Res 2015; 232:135-44. [PMID: 25882042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that brain activity is modulated by trait social anxiety, we measured the Hurst Exponent (HE), an index of complexity in time series, in healthy individuals at rest in the absence of any social trigger. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series were recorded in 36 subjects at rest. All volunteers were healthy without any psychiatric, medical or neurological disorder. Subjects completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) to assess social anxiety and thoughts in social contexts. We also obtained the fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF) of the BOLD signal as an independent control measure for HE data. BFNE scores correlated positively with HE in the posterior cingulate/precuneus, while LSAS scores correlated positively with HE in the precuneus, in the inferior parietal sulci and in the parahippocamus. Results from fALFF were highly consistent with those obtained using LSAS and BFNE to predict HE. Overall our data indicate that spontaneous brain activity is influenced by the degree of social anxiety, on a continuum and in the absence of social stimuli. These findings suggest that social anxiety is a trait characteristic that shapes brain activity and predisposes to different reactions in social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gentili
- Clinical Psychology Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma. 67, Pisa, Italy; Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 10, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Nicola Vanello
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ioana Cristea
- Clinical Psychology Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma. 67, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Babes-Bolyai, Republicii str. 37, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Babes-Bolyai, Republicii str. 37, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1428 Madison Ave New York, NY, USA
| | - Emiliano Ricciardi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Pietrini
- Clinical Psychology Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma. 67, Pisa, Italy; Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 10, Pisa, Italy
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Remes JJ, Abou Elseoud A, Ollila E, Haapea M, Starck T, Nikkinen J, Tervonen O, Silven O. On applicability of PCA, voxel-wise variance normalization and dimensionality assumptions for sliding temporal window sICA in resting-state fMRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1338-48. [PMID: 23845397 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Subject-level resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) spatial independent component analysis (sICA) may provide new ways to analyze the data when performed in the sliding time window. However, whether principal component analysis (PCA) and voxel-wise variance normalization (VN) are applicable pre-processing procedures in the sliding-window context, as they are for regular sICA, has not been addressed so far. Also model order selection requires further studies concerning sliding-window sICA. In this paper we have addressed these concerns. First, we compared PCA-retained subspaces concerning overlapping parts of consecutive temporal windows to answer whether in-window PCA and VN can confound comparisons between sICA analyses in consecutive windows. Second, we compared the PCA subspaces between windowed and full data to assess expected comparability between windowed and full-data sICA results. Third, temporal evolution of dimensionality estimates in RS-fMRI data sets was monitored to identify potential challenges in model order selection in a sliding-window sICA context. Our results illustrate that in-window VN can be safely used, in-window PCA is applicable with most window widths and that comparisons between windowed and full data should not be performed from a subspace similarity point of view. In addition, our studies on dimensionality estimates demonstrated that there are sustained, periodic and very case-specific changes in signal-to-noise ratio within RS-fMRI data sets. Consequently, dimensionality estimation is needed for well-founded model order determination in the sliding-window case. The observed periodic changes correspond to a frequency band of ≤0.1 Hz, which is commonly associated with brain activity in RS-fMRI and become on average most pronounced at window widths of 80 and 60 time points (144 and 108 s, respectively). Wider windows provided only slightly better comparability between consecutive windows, and 60 time point or shorter windows also provided the best comparability with full-data results. Further studies are needed to determine the cause for dimensionality variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka J Remes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Mikkelsen KB, Lund TE. Sampling rate dependence of correlation at long time lags in BOLD fMRI measurements on humans and gel phantoms. Front Physiol 2013; 4:106. [PMID: 23730289 PMCID: PMC3657634 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sampling rate on Hurst exponents derived from Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI) resting state time series. fMRI measurements were performed on 2 human subjects and a selection of gel phantoms. From these, Hurst exponents were calculated. It was found that low sampling rates induced non-trivial exponents at sharp material transitions, and that Hurst exponents of human measurements had a strong TR-dependence. The findings are compared to theoretical considerations regarding the fractional Gaussian noise model and resampling, and it is found that the implications are problematic. This result should have a direct influence on the way future studies of low-frequency variation in BOLD fMRI data are conducted, especially if the fractional Gaussian noise model is considered. We recommend either using a different model (examples of such are referenced in the conclusion), or standardizing experimental procedures along an optimal sampling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare B Mikkelsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Science and Technology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
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Tohka J, Ruotsalainen U. Imaging brain change across different time scales. Front Neuroinform 2012; 6:29. [PMID: 23267327 PMCID: PMC3527736 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2012.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Tohka
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland
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Approaches to brain stress testing: BOLD magnetic resonance imaging with computer-controlled delivery of carbon dioxide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47443. [PMID: 23139743 PMCID: PMC3489910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An impaired vascular response in the brain regionally may indicate reduced vascular reserve and vulnerability to ischemic injury. Changing the carbon dioxide (CO2) tension in arterial blood is commonly used as a cerebral vasoactive stimulus to assess the cerebral vascular response, changing cerebral blood flow (CBF) by up to 5–11 percent/mmHg in normal adults. Here we describe two approaches to generating the CO2 challenge using a computer-controlled gas blender to administer: i) a square wave change in CO2 and, ii) a ramp stimulus, consisting of a continuously graded change in CO2 over a range. Responses were assessed regionally by blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methodology/Principal Findings We studied 8 patients with known cerebrovascular disease (carotid stenosis or occlusion) and 2 healthy subjects. The square wave stimulus was used to study the dynamics of the vascular response, while the ramp stimulus assessed the steady-state response to CO2. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) maps were registered by color coding and overlaid on the anatomical scans generated with 3 Tesla MRI to assess the corresponding BOLD signal change/mmHg change in CO2, voxel-by-voxel. Using a fractal temporal approach, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) maps of the processed raw BOLD signal per voxel over the same CO2 range were generated. Regions of BOLD signal decrease with increased CO2 (coded blue) were seen in all of these high-risk patients, indicating regions of impaired CVR. All patients also demonstrated regions of altered signal structure on DFA maps (Hurst exponents less than 0.5; coded blue) indicative of anti-persistent noise. While ‘blue’ CVR maps remained essentially stable over the time of analysis, ‘blue’ DFA maps improved. Conclusions/Significance This combined dual stimulus and dual analysis approach may be complementary in identifying vulnerable brain regions and thus constitute a regional as well as global brain stress test.
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Warsi MA, Molloy W, Noseworthy MD. Correlating brain blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fractal dimension mapping with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in Alzheimer's disease. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 25:335-44. [PMID: 22446877 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To correlate temporal fractal structure of resting state blood oxygen level dependent (rsBOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy age-matched normal controls (NC). MATERIALS AND METHODS High temporal resolution (4 Hz) rsBOLD signal and single voxel (left putamen) magnetic resonance spectroscopy data was acquired in 33 AD patients and 13 NC. The rsBOLD data was analyzed using two types of fractal dimension (FD) analysis based on relative dispersion and frequency power spectrum. Comparisons in FD were performed between AD and NC, and FD measures were correlated with (1)H-MRS findings. RESULTS Temporal fractal analysis of rsBOLD, was able to differentiate AD from NC subjects (P = 0.03). Low FD correlated with markers of AD severity including decreased concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate (R = 0.44, P = 0.015) and increased myoinositol (mI) (R = -0.45, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Based on these results we suggest fractal analysis of rsBOLD could provide an early marker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Warsi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Herman P, Sanganahalli BG, Hyder F, Eke A. Fractal analysis of spontaneous fluctuations of the BOLD signal in rat brain. Neuroimage 2011; 58:1060-9. [PMID: 21777682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of task-evoked fMRI data ignores low frequency fluctuations (LFF) of the resting-state the BOLD signal, yet LFF of the spontaneous BOLD signal is crucial for analysis of resting-state connectivity maps. We characterized the LFF of resting-state BOLD signal at 11.7T in α-chloralose and domitor anesthetized rat brain and modeled the spontaneous signal as a scale-free (i.e., fractal) distribution of amplitude power (|A|²) across a frequency range (f) compatible with an |A(f)|² ∝ 1/f(β) model where β is the scaling exponent (or spectral index). We compared β values from somatosensory forelimb area (S1FL), cingulate cortex (CG), and caudate putamen (CPu). With α-chloralose, S1FL and CG β values dropped from ~0.7 at in vivo to ~0.1 at post mortem (p<0.0002), whereas CPu β values dropped from ~0.3 at in vivo to ~0.1 at post mortem (p<0.002). With domitor, cortical (S1FL, CG) β values were slightly higher than with α-chloralose, while subcortical (CPu) β values were similar with α-chloralose. Although cortical and subcortical β values with both anesthetics were significantly different in vivo (p<0.002), at post mortem β values in these regions were not significantly different and approached zero (i.e., range of -0.1 to 0.2). Since a water phantom devoid of susceptibility gradients had a β value of zero (i.e., random), we conclude that deoxyhemoglobin present in voxels post-sacrifice still impacts tissue water diffusion. These results suggest that in the anesthetized rat brain the LFF of BOLD signal at 11.7T follow a general 1/f(β) model of fractality where β is a variable responding to physiology. We describe typical experimental pitfalls which may elude detection of fractality in the resting-state BOLD signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Herman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Effects of repeatability measures on results of fMRI sICA: A study on simulated and real resting-state effects. Neuroimage 2011; 56:554-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Littow H, Elseoud AA, Haapea M, Isohanni M, Moilanen I, Mankinen K, Nikkinen J, Rahko J, Rantala H, Remes J, Starck T, Tervonen O, Veijola J, Beckmann C, Kiviniemi VJ. Age-Related Differences in Functional Nodes of the Brain Cortex - A High Model Order Group ICA Study. Front Syst Neurosci 2010; 4. [PMID: 20953235 PMCID: PMC2955419 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2010.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI measured with blood oxygen dependent (BOLD) contrast in the absence of intermittent tasks reflects spontaneous activity of so-called resting state networks (RSN) of the brain. Group level independent component analysis (ICA) of BOLD data can separate the human brain cortex into 42 independent RSNs. In this study we evaluated age-related effects from primary motor and sensory, and, higher level control RSNs. One hundred sixty-eight healthy subjects were scanned and divided into three groups: 55 adolescents (ADO, 13.2 ± 2.4 years), 59 young adults (YA, 22.2 ± 0.6 years), and 54 older adults (OA, 42.7 ± 0.5 years), all with normal IQ. High model order group probabilistic ICA components (70) were calculated and dual-regression analysis was used to compare 21 RSN's spatial differences between groups. The power spectra were derived from individual ICA mixing matrix time series of the group analyses for frequency domain analysis. We show that primary sensory and motor networks tend to alter more in younger age groups, whereas associative and higher level cognitive networks consolidate and re-arrange until older adulthood. The change has a common trend: both spatial extent and the low frequency power of the RSN's reduce with increasing age. We interpret these result as a sign of normal pruning via focusing of activity to less distributed local hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Littow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital Oulu, Finland
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Chang C, Glover GH. Time-frequency dynamics of resting-state brain connectivity measured with fMRI. Neuroimage 2009; 50:81-98. [PMID: 20006716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1240] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of resting-state functional connectivity using fMRI employ methods that assume temporal stationarity, such as correlation and data-driven decompositions computed across the duration of the scan. However, evidence from both task-based fMRI studies and animal electrophysiology suggests that functional connectivity may exhibit dynamic changes within time scales of seconds to minutes. In the present study, we investigated the dynamic behavior of resting-state connectivity across the course of a single scan, performing a time-frequency coherence analysis based on the wavelet transform. We focused on the connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a primary node of the default-mode network, examining its relationship with both the "anticorrelated" ("task-positive") network as well as other nodes of the default-mode network. It was observed that coherence and phase between the PCC and the anticorrelated network was variable in time and frequency, and statistical testing based on Monte Carlo simulations revealed the presence of significant scale-dependent temporal variability. In addition, a sliding-window correlation procedure identified other regions across the brain that exhibited variable connectivity with the PCC across the scan, which included areas previously implicated in attention and salience processing. Although it is unclear whether the observed coherence and phase variability can be attributed to residual noise or modulation of cognitive state, the present results illustrate that resting-state functional connectivity is not static, and it may therefore prove valuable to consider measures of variability, in addition to average quantities, when characterizing resting-state networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catie Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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