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Dicks SG, Northam HL, van Haren FM, Boer DP. The bereavement experiences of families of potential organ donors: a qualitative longitudinal case study illuminating opportunities for family care. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2149100. [PMID: 36469685 PMCID: PMC9731585 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2149100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To illuminate opportunities for care in the context of deceased organ donation by exploring pre-existing family and healthcare professional characteristics, in-hospital experiences, and ongoing adjustment through the lenses of grief theory, systems theory, meaning-making, narrative, and organ donation literature. METHOD Qualitative longitudinal case studies explored individual and family change in five Australian families who had consented to Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death at a single centre. Participants attended semi-structured interviews at four, eight, and twelve months after the death. FINDINGS Family values, pre-existing relationships, and in-hospital experiences influenced first responses to their changed lives, understanding of the patient's death, and ongoing family adjustment. Novel behaviour that was conguent with family values was required at the hospital, especially if the patient had previously played a key role in family decision-making. This behaviour and emerging interactional patterns were drawn into family life over the first year of their bereavement. RECOMMENDATIONS Training that includes lenses introduced in this study will enable healthcare professionals to confidently respond to individual and family psychosocial needs. CONCLUSION The lenses of grief theory and systems thinking highlight opportunities for care tailored to the unique in-hospital context and needs that emerge in the months that follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G. Dicks
- Department of Psychology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia,CONTACT Sean G. Dicks Department of Psychology, University of Canberra, Kirinari St, Bruce, Canberra2617, Australia
| | - Holly L. Northam
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Douglas P. Boer
- Department of Psychology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Martinez-Lopez MV, Coll E, Cruz-Quintana F, Dominguez-Gil B, Hannikainen IR, Lara Rosales R, Pérez-Blanco A, Perez-Marfil MN, Pérez-Villares JM, Uruñuela D, Rodríguez-Arias D. Family bereavement and organ donation in Spain: a mixed method, prospective cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066286. [PMID: 36609324 PMCID: PMC9827244 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a discrepancy in the literature as to whether authorising or refusing the recovery of organs for transplantation is of direct benefit to families in their subsequent grieving process. This study aims to explore the impact of the family interview to pose the option of posthumous donation and the decision to authorise or refuse organ recovery on the grieving process of potential donors' relatives. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A protocol for mixed methods, prospective cohort longitudinal study is proposed. Researchers do not randomly assign participants to groups. Instead, participants are considered to belong to one of three groups based on factors related to their experiences at the hospital. In this regard, families in G1, G2 and G3 would be those who authorised organ donation, declined organ donation or were not asked about organ donation, respectively. Their grieving process is monitored at three points in time: 1 month after the patient's death, when a semistructured interview focused on the lived experience during the donation process is carried out, 3 months and 9 months after the death. At the second and third time points, relatives' grieving process is assessed using six psychometric tests: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Inventory of Complicated Grief, The Impact of Event Scale: Revised, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Descriptive statistics (means, SDs and frequencies) are computed for each group and time point. Through a series of regression models, differences between groups in the evolution of bereavement are estimated. Additionally, qualitative analyses of the semistructured interviews are conducted using the ATLAS.ti software. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study involves human participants and was approved by Comité Coordinador de Ética de la Investigación Biomédica de Andalucía (CCEIBA) ID:1052-N-21. The results will be disseminated at congresses and ordinary academic forums. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Cruz-Quintana
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ivar R Hannikainen
- Department of Philosophy I, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Nieves Perez-Marfil
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - David Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Philosophy I, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Xie W, Kong S, He H, Xiong H, Zhu Q, Huang P. A mixed-methods study of emotional support for families of organ donors in Hunan Province, China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:952524. [PMID: 36118472 PMCID: PMC9478748 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.952524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Family consent is a prerequisite for the organ donation of the deceased in China. However, a large number of donors are individuals who died due to accidental injuries or unanticipated diseases, which means that most of the families of such donors have just experienced the sudden death of their loved one and have to make a donation decision in a short time. This decision may cause psychological stress and some psychological damage to the minds of relatives of the donors. In addition, cultural sensitivity also has largely caused the relatives of donors inner conflicts and contradictions. And sometimes organ donation may still be stigmatized. However, have they received any emotional support and what is their emotional support needs are some questions that need to be answered. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the emotional support, influencing factors, and needs of the family members of organ donors in Hunan Province, China. Materials and methods This is mixed-methods research that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 102 donor families using a questionnaire to investigate their emotional support status. To further understand their emotional support needs, 12 donor families participated in the semi-structured interview. Results The results confirmed that: (1) A total of 67.7% of the 102 respondents received emotional support or psychological comfort. Thus, only a small number of respondents (31.4%) felt respected by the public. (2) Emotional support came mainly from immediate family members (73.91%), and official organizations such as the Red Cross (43.48%). (3) Marital status, health status, occupation, and coping style can affect the emotional support of the donor families (p < 0.05). (4) Interview showed that the families of donors need emotional support and psychological aid from psychological professionals mostly. And they also wish to receive the understanding and respect of the public. Conclusion Most families of organ donors received emotional support from family, Red Cross, and friends, but only a minority of families of donors reported receiving respect from the public after the donation. And families of donor showed a strong need for emotional support and professional psychological aid from institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Xie
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shufeng Kong
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan He
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qizhen Zhu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Panhao Huang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Panhao Huang,
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