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Majchrzak-Celińska A, Studzińska-Sroka E. New Avenues and Major Achievements in Phytocompounds Research for Glioblastoma Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:1682. [PMID: 38611962 PMCID: PMC11013944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytocompounds have been evaluated for their anti-glioblastoma actions for decades, with promising results from preclinical studies but only limited translation into clinics. Indeed, by targeting multiple signaling pathways deregulated in cancer, they often show high efficacy in the in vitro studies, but their poor bioavailability, low tumor accumulation, and rapid clearance compromise their efficacy in vivo. Here, we present the new avenues in phytocompound research for the improvement of glioblastoma therapy, including the ways to enhance the response to temozolomide using phytochemicals, the current focus on phytocompound-based immunotherapy, or the use of phytocompounds as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. Moreover, we present new, intensively evaluated approaches, such as chemical modifications of phytochemicals or encapsulation into numerous types of nanoformulations, to improve their bioavailability and delivery to the brain. Finally, we present the clinical trials evaluating the role of phytocompounds or phytocompound-derived drugs in glioblastoma therapy and the less studied phytocompounds or plant extracts that have only recently been found to possess promising anti-glioblastoma properties. Overall, recent advancements in phytocompound research are encouraging; however, only with more 3D glioblastoma models, in vivo studies, and clinical trials it is possible to upgrade the role of phytocompounds in glioblastoma treatment to a satisfactory level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Str., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Str., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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Apoptotic and Cell Cycle Effects of Triterpenes Isolated from Phoradendron wattii on Leukemia Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175616. [PMID: 36080390 PMCID: PMC9458143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antineoplastic agents present multiple disadvantages, driving an ongoing search for new and better compounds. Four lupane-type triterpenes, 3α,24-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (1), 3α,23-dihydroxy-30-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (2), 3α,23-O-isopropylidenyl-3α,23-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (3), and 3α,23-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (4), previously isolated from Phoradendron wattii, were evaluated on two cell lines of chronic (K562) and acute (HL60) myeloid leukemia. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 decreased cell viability and inhibit proliferation, mainly in K562, and exhibited an apoptotic effect from 24 h of treatment. Of particular interest is compound 2, which caused arrest in active phases (G2/M) of the cell cycle, as shown by in silico study of the CDK1/Cyclin B/Csk2 complex by molecular docking. This compound [3α,23-dihydroxy-30-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid] s a promising candidate for incorporation into cancer treatments and deserves further study.
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Nyambe MM, Kwembeya EG, Lisao K, Hans R. Oral hygiene in Namibia: A case of chewing sticks. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114203. [PMID: 33992751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chewing sticks have served as the primary form of dental care for rural communities in resource-poor settings for millennia. They are one of the most important under-researched, non-timber forest products in Namibia. This review provides an overview of plants that are used as chewing sticks in Namibia and highlights pharmacological as well as phytochemical studies conducted on them. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to present a summary of studies that have been done on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activity as well as evidence on the scientific validation and geographical distribution of chewing sticks in Namibia. It also highlights research gaps and provides an impetus for the scientific investigations of these plant species. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature searches using keywords including oral hygiene, chewing sticks, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, antimicrobial, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity studies, chewing sticks, and distribution in Namibia on various electronic search engines was conducted. RESULTS Of the 41 plant species identified, Cordia sinensis Lam., Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. and Harpagophytum zeyheri Decne. are used for both gargling and as mouthwash. The plant families Fabacae, Ebenaceae, and Burseraceae account for 22.0%, 12.2%, and 7.30% of plant species recorded as chewing sticks in Namibia respectively. This study revealed a significant relationship between plant family and scientific validation. Species belonging to Burseraceae, Apocynaceae, Montiniaceae, and Cucurbitaceae families have only been partially validated. The Kunene region, home to the Ovahimba ethnic group, had the highest proportion (87.8%) of chewing sticks species compared to other regions. CONCLUSION This review revealed that most of the plants used as chewing sticks in Namibia require an in-depth pharmacological and phytochemical investigation as deduced from the paucity of literature on the therapeutic methods, mechanisms of action, efficacy, toxicity, and clinical relevance of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moola M Nyambe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Faculty of Science, P/Bag, 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Ezekeil G Kwembeya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia, Faculty of Science, P/Bag, 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Kamuhelo Lisao
- Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism. Directorate of Forestry, P/Bag, 1971, Katima Mulilo, Namibia
| | - Renate Hans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Faculty of Science, P/Bag, 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
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Potential anti-diabetic isoprenoids and a long-chain δ-lactone from frangipani (Plumeria rubra). Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104684. [PMID: 32634455 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A decoction of Plumeria rubra flowers has been used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes in China and Mexico. Chemical investigations on the bioactive constituents of these flowers led to the isolation of 30 compounds, including the four new compounds, one iridoiod (1), two triterpenoids (4, 5), and a long-chain δ-lactone (16). In addition, 26 known compounds (2, 3, 6-15, 17-30) are also reported. All of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and the absolute configurations of compound 4, 5, 16 were determined by Mosher's method. Compounds 1-4, 7, 8 and 16 showed moderate to significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, with 4 having IC50 values of 19.45 μM and 0.21 μM, respectively.
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Bhardwaj P, Banarjee A, Jindal D, Kaur C, Singh G, Kumar P, Sharma A, Kumar R. Validation of TLC-Densitometry Method for Estimation of Catechin in Acacia catechu Heartwood. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Madjid O. A, Sanni A, Lagnika L. Chemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Genus Acacia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2020.40.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yamashita H, Matsuzaki M, Kurokawa Y, Nakane T, Goto M, Lee KH, Shibata T, Bando H, Wada K. Four New Triterpenoids from the Bark of Euonymus alatus forma ciliato-dentatus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS 2019; 31:140-146. [PMID: 31379978 PMCID: PMC6677265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four novel lupane-type lupane-type triterpenoids (including three norlupane-type triterpenoids), 17β-hydroxy-28-norlup-20(29)-en-3-one (1), 3β,17β-dihydroxy-28,30-bisnorlupan-20-one (2), 3β-hydroxy-20-oxo-30-norlupan-28-al (3) and lup-20(29)-ene-3,23,30-triol (4), were isolated together with ten known lupane triterpenoids (5~14) from the bark of Euonymus alatus forma ciliato-dentatus. Their structures were determined from 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis and comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values. The known compounds (5~14) were reported for the first time from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamashita
- Hokkaido University of Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-1, 7-jo 15-choume, Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan
| | - Madoka Matsuzaki
- Hokkaido University of Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-1, 7-jo 15-choume, Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan
| | - Yuria Kurokawa
- Hokkaido University of Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-1, 7-jo 15-choume, Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan
| | - Takahisa Nakane
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165, Higashi Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Toshiro Shibata
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; 1-2, Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hideo Bando
- Hokkaido University of Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-1, 7-jo 15-choume, Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- Hokkaido University of Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-1, 7-jo 15-choume, Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan
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Alawi SMA, Hossain MA, Abusham AA. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic comparative study of different extracts of Omani and Sudanese Gum acacia. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Thakur S, Agnihotri VK. 14R, 17S, 20R-lupan-3-one, assignment of a new triterpene structure from Commiphora wightii. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:400-402. [PMID: 26662188 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soni Thakur
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Awouafack MD, Aimaiti S, Tane P, Morita H. Clerodendrumol, A New Triterpenoid fromClerodendrum yaundenseGürke(Lamiaceae). Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sun YN, Li W, Song SB, Yan XT, Zhao Y, Jo AR, Kang JS, Young Ho K. A new phenolic derivative with soluble epoxide hydrolase and nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitory activity from the aqueous extract of Acacia catechu. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:2085-92. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1114937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Nan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wei Li
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Seok Bean Song
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio-industry (GIB), Andong City, Korea
| | - Xi Tao Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - A. Reum Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kim Young Ho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Hepatoprotective and antiviral efficacy of Acacia mellifera leaves fractions against hepatitis B virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:929131. [PMID: 25950002 PMCID: PMC4407411 DOI: 10.1155/2015/929131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the hepatoprotective and anti-HBV efficacy of Acacia mellifera (AM) leaves extracts. The crude ethanolic-extract, including organic and aqueous fractions, were tested for cytotoxicity on HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells (IC50 = 684 μg/mL). Of these, the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed the most promising, dose-dependent hepatoprotection in DCFH-toxicated cells at 48 h. In CCl4-injured rats, oral administration of AM ethanol extract (250 and 500 mg/kg·bw) for three weeks significantly normalized the sera aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein levels and elevated tissue nonprotein sulphydryl and total protein. The histopathology of dissected livers also revealed that AM cured the tissue lesions. The phytochemical screening of the fractions showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and saponins. Further, anti-HBV potential of the fractions was evaluated on HepG2.2.15 cells. Of these, the n-butanol and aqueous fractions exhibited the best inhibitory effects on HBsAg and HBeAg expressions in dose- and time-dependent manner. Taken together, while the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited the most promising antioxidant/hepatoprotective and anti-HBV activity, respectively, the n-butanol partition showed both activities. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of AM extracts warrants further isolation of the active principle(s) and its phytochemical as well as biological studies.
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Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Q-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of Phenolics from Acacia Catechu. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sulaiman C, Gopalakrishnan V, Balachandran I. Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Studies in SelectedAcaciaSpecies. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.27.2014.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sulaiman CT, Sadashiva CT, George S, Goplakrishnan VK, Balachandran I. Chromatographic Studies andin vitroScreening for Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of three Acacia Species from South India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2013.806405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wambugu SN, Mathiu PM, Gakuya DW, Kanui TI, Kabasa JD, Kiama SG. Medicinal plants used in the management of chronic joint pains in Machakos and Makueni counties, Kenya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:945-955. [PMID: 21782014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicines play an important role in the management of chronically painful and debilitating joint conditions, particularly in the rural Africa. However, their potential use as sources of medicines has not been fully exploited. The present study was carried to find the medicinal plants traditionally used to manage chronic joint pains in Machakos and Makueni counties in Kenya. MATERIALS AND METHODS To obtain this ethnobotanical information, 30 consenting traditional herbal medical practitioners were interviewed exclusively on medicinal plant use in the management of chronic joint pains, in a pre-planned workshop. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this survey, a total of 37 plants belonging to 32 genera and 23 families were cited as being important for treatment of chronic joint pains. The most commonly cited plant species were Pavetta crassipes K. Schum, Strychnos henningsii Gilg., Carissa spinarum L., Fagaropsis hildebrandtii (Engl.) Milve-Redh. and Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth., Amaranthus albus L., Balanites glabra Mildbr. & Schltr., Grewia fallax K. Schum., Lactuca capensis, Launaea cornuta (Oliv. & Hiern) O. Jeffrey, Lippia kituiensis Vatke, Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh. and Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. are documented for the first time as being important in the management of chronic joint pains. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study show that a variety of medicinal plants are used in the management of chronic joint pains and the main mode of administration is oral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley N Wambugu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Li XC, Liu C, Yang LX, Chen RY. Phenolic compounds from the aqueous extract of Acacia catechu. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011; 13:826-830. [PMID: 21830887 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.597384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new phenolic compounds, 5-hydroxy-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetyl]-3-methoxylbenzoic acid (1) and (2S,3S)-3,7,8,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavane (2), were obtained from the aqueous extract of Acacia catechu, along with four known compounds identified as rhamnetin (3), 4-hydroxyphenyl ethanol (4), 3,3',5,5',7-pentahydroxyflavane (5), and fisetinidol (6). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Free radical-scavenging activities of the new compounds were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, protostanes, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 574 references are cited.
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Mutai C, Bii C, Vagias C, Abatis D, Roussis V. Antimicrobial activity of Acacia mellifera extracts and lupane triterpenes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 123:143-148. [PMID: 19429353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth (Leguminosae) is a subtropical medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional African medicines against various diseases such as pneumonia and malaria. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of extracts from the stem bark of Acacia mellifera. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activity using the disc-diffusion method against bacterial strains: Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and fungal strains Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Candida krusei (ATCC 6255), Cryptococcus neoformans (ATCC 6603) and clinical isolates of Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. RESULTS Some of these extracts were found to be active against some bacterial and fungal strains and were further fractionated to give 12 pure compounds. The methanolic and methanol:dichloromethane (1:1) extracts exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity. The two were active against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Activity guided fractionation led to isolation of two active compounds: 3-(Z)-cis coumaroylbetulin and 30-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-3beta-ol which were against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). CONCLUSIONS These results may partly explain and support the use of Acacia mellifera stem barks for the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional Kenya medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mutai
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, PO Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Mutai C, Bii C, Rukunga G, Ondicho J, Mwitari P, Abatis D, Vagias C, Roussis V, Kirui J. Antimicrobial activity of pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from Acacia mellifera. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2008; 6:42-8. [PMID: 20162040 PMCID: PMC2816522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acacia mellifera has been used widely in traditional African medicines against various diseases. Among the Kipsigis community of Kenya, water extracts from the plant is used for the treatment of skin diseases, coughs and gastrointestinal ailments. The aim of the study was to provide scientific rationale for the use of the plant in traditional medicine through bioassay-guided fractionation of A. mellifera stem bark. Bioactivity testing was done against selected microbes using disc diffusion technique as outlined in Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based primarily on 1D and 2D NMR analyses, including HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY correlations. Fractionation yielded three triterpenoids; (20S)-oxolupane-30-al, (20R)-oxolupane-30-al, and betulinic acid. The three compounds were active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and only (20S)-oxolupane-30-al against clinical isolate of Microsporum gypseum. The three compounds had no activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus feacalis, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Candida krusei, Microsporum gypseum, and Sacharomyces cerevisiae. These results explain and support the use of A. mellifera stem barks for the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional Kenya medicine. It also shows that the antimicrobial activity is concentrated in the triterpenoid fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mutai
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Center for Microbiology Research, P.O Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya.
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