An Electro-Thermal Actuation Method for Resonance Vibration of a Miniaturized Optical-Fiber Scanner for Future Scanning Fiber Endoscope Design

Submillimeter Sized 2D Electrothermal Optical Fiber Scanner

Optical scanners are used frequently in medical imaging units to examine and diagnose cancers, assist with surgeries, and detect lesions and malignancies. The continuous growth in optics along with the use of optical fibers enables fabrication of imaging devices as small as a few millimeters in diameter. Most forward viewing endoscopic scanners contain an optical fiber acting as cantilever which is vibrated at resonance. In many cases, more than one actuating element is used to vibrate the optical fiber in two directions giving a 2D scan. In this paper, it is proposed to excite the cantilever fiber using a single actuator and scan a 2D region from its vibrating tip. An electrothermal actuator is optimized to provide a bidirectional (horizontal and vertical) displacement to the cantilever fiber placed on it. A periodic current, having a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of cantilever fiber, was passed through the actuator. The continuous expansion and contraction of the actuator enabled the free end of fiber to vibrate in a circle like pattern. A small change in the actuation frequency permitted the scanning of the area inside the circle.

Endoscopic Optical Imaging Technologies and Devices for Medical Purposes: State of the Art

The growth and development of optical components and, in particular, the miniaturization of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs), has motivated and enabled researchers to design smaller and smaller endoscopes. The overarching goal of this work has been to image smaller previously inaccessible luminal organs in real time, at high resolution, in a minimally invasive manner that does not compromise the comfort of the subject, nor introduce additional risk. Thus, an initial diagnosis can be made, or a small precancerous lesion may be detected, in a small-diameter luminal organ that would not have otherwise been possible. Continuous advancement in the field has enabled a wide range of optical scanners. Different scanning techniques, working principles, and the applications of endoscopic scanners are summarized in this review.