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Lian W, Zhang L, Wang C, Wu S, He S, Lei J, Zhang Y, You L, Zheng L, Luo X, Ye Z, Hu Z, Wang G, Zhu Y, Li C, Liu J. Systematic identification and functional analysis of root meristem growth factors (RGFs) reveals role of PgRGF1 in modulation of root development and ginsenoside production in Panax ginseng. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133446. [PMID: 38945337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., known for its medicinal and dietary supplement properties, primarily contains pharmacologically active ginsenosides. However, the regulatory mechanisms linking ginseng root development with ginsenoside biosynthesis are still unclear. Root meristem growth factors (RGFs) are crucial for regulating plant root growth. In our study, we identified five ginseng RGF peptide sequences from the ginseng genome and transcriptome libraries. We treated Arabidopsis and ginseng adventitious roots with exogenous Panax ginseng RGFs (PgRGFs) to assess their activities. Our results demonstrate that PgRGF1 influences gravitropic responses and reduces lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. PgRGF1 has been found to restrict the number and length of ginseng adventitious root branches in ginseng. Given the medicinal properties of ginseng, We determined the ginsenoside content and performed transcriptomic analysis of PgRGF1-treated ginseng adventitious roots. Specifically, the total ginsenoside content in ginseng adventitious roots decreased by 19.98 % and 63.71 % following treatments with 1 μM and 10 μM PgRGF1, respectively, compared to the control. The results revealed that PgRGF1 affects the accumulation of ginsenosides by regulating the expression of genes associated with auxin transportation and ginsenoside biosynthesis. These findings suggest that PgRGF1, as a peptide hormone regulator in ginseng, can modulate adventitious root growth and ginsenoside accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Linfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Shan He
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Jinlin Lei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Lei You
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Lanlan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Xiangyin Luo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Zhengxiu Ye
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Ziyao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China.
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Chopra P, Chhillar H, Kim YJ, Jo IH, Kim ST, Gupta R. Phytochemistry of ginsenosides: Recent advancements and emerging roles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:613-640. [PMID: 34278879 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, a group of tetracyclic saponins, accounts for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical relevance of the ginseng (Panax sp.) herb. Owing to the associated therapeutic potential of ginsenosides, their demand has been increased significantly in the last two decades. However, a slow growth cycle, low seed production, and long generation time of ginseng have created a gap between the demand and supply of ginsenosides. The biosynthesis of ginsenosides involves an intricate network of pathways with multiple oxidation and glycosylation reactions. However, the exact functions of some of the associated genes/proteins are still not completely deciphered. Moreover, ginsenoside estimation and extraction using analytical techniques are not feasible with high efficiency. The present review is a step forward in recapitulating the comprehensive aspects of ginsenosides including their distribution, structural diversity, biotransformation, and functional attributes in both plants and animals including humans. Moreover, ginsenoside biosynthesis in the potential plant sources and their metabolism in the human body along with major regulators and stimulators affecting ginsenoside biosynthesis have also been discussed. Furthermore, this review consolidates biotechnological interventions to enhance the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in their potential sources and advancements in the development of synthetic biosystems for efficient ginsenoside biosynthesis to meet their rising industrial demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chopra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Chhillar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ick Hyun Jo
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Forestry, Environment, and Systems, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gantait S, Mukherjee E. Induced autopolyploidy-a promising approach for enhanced biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites: an insight. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:4. [PMID: 33417015 PMCID: PMC7794262 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Induced polyploidy serves as an efficient approach in extricating genetic potential of cells. During polyploidization, multiple sets of chromosomes are derived from the same organism resulting in the development of an autopolyploid. Alterations owing to artificially induced polyploidy level significantly influence internal homeostatic condition of resultant cells. Main text Induced autopolyploidy transpires as a result of an increase in the size of genome without any change in elementary genetic material. Such autopolyploidy, artificially induced via application of antimitotic agents, brings about a lot of beneficial changes in plants, coupled with very few detrimental effects. Induced autopolyploids exhibit superior adaptability, endurance to biotic and abiotic stresses, longer reproductive period and enzyme diversity coupled with enhanced rate of photosynthesis and gene action in comparison to their diploid counterparts. However, reduced rate of transpiration and growth, delay in flowering are some of the demerits of autopolyploids. Inspite of these slight unfavourable outcomes, induced autopolyploidization has been utilized in an array of instances wherein genetic improvement of plant species is concerned, since this technique usually boosts the biomass of concerned economic parts of a plant. In other way, it is also evident that multiplication of genome bestows enhanced production of secondary metabolites, which has contributed to a significant commercial value addition especially for plants with medicinal importance, in particular. Conclusion This review makes an attempt to explore the system and success of antimitotic agents vis-à-vis artificial autopolyploidization, interfered with the biosynthesis-cum-production of secondary metabolites having cutting-edge pharmaceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Gantait
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India.
| | - Eashan Mukherjee
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
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